• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.231-238
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate soft tissue cephalometric norms for Korean adults which can be implemented in surgical orthodontic treatment planning using selected horizontal reference plane especially for Koreans (Male: $SN-7.5^{\circ}$, Female: $SN-9.0^{\circ}$) and a simplified analytical method. 70 males and 70 females consisting of freshmen of Yonsei University from 1996 to 1997 and students from the Dental College of Yonsei University were chosen according to clinical examination and cephalometric analysis. The samples had normal profiles, normal anteroposterior skeletal relationship(ANB angle of $0^{\circ}\;to\;4^{\circ}$ and Wits appraisal of -4.0mm to 0mm), and Class I molar and canine relationship. They had no missing or supernumerary teeth and had no experience of orthodontic or prosthetic treatment. After the selection of 15 soft tissue landmarks and the construction of horizontal and vertical reference lines, 25 measurements were taken. These consisted of vertical and horizontal linear measurements and angular measurements. The results were as follows. 1. Mean and standard deviation of the measurements were calculated in males and females. 2. Vertical measurements were comparably bigger in males than females whereas anterior facial height ratio(sN-Sn/Sn-sMe) and lower anterior facial height ratio(Sn-Stms/Stmi-sMe) showed no significant difference between sexes. 3. Most of the horizontal measurements in relation to the vertical reference line(G-perpendicular) showed no significant difference between sexes. 4. Nasofacial angle, columellar angle, nasolabial angle and facial contour angle showed no significant difference between sexes. 5. The upper and lower lip were positioned about $-1.0{\pm}2.0mm$ and $+1.0{\pm}2.0mm$ in relation to the Ricketts' esthetic line in both sexes. In this study, soft tissue cephalometric norms of Korean adults for orthognathic surgery were obtained.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.221-230
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• 2001

This study was performed to evaluate hard tissue cephalometric norms for Korean adults which can be implemented in surgical orthodontic treatment planning using selected horizontal reference plane especially for Koreans (Male: $SN-7.5^{\circ}$, Female: $SN-9.0^{\circ}$) and a simplified analytical method. 70 males and 70 females consisting of freshmen of Yonsei University from 1996 to 1997 and students from the Dental College of Yonsei University were chosen according to clinical examination and cephalometric analysis. The samples had normal profiles, normal anteroposterior skeletal relationship(ANB angle of $0^{\circ}$ to $4^{\circ}$ and Wits appraisal of -4.0mm to 0mm), and Class I molar and canine relationship. They had no missing or supernumerary teeth and had no experience of orthodontic or prosthetic treatment. After the selection of 23 landmarks and the construction of horizontal and vertical reference lines, 22 skeletal and 12 dental measurements were taken. These consisted of vertical and horizontal linear measurements and angular measurements. The results were as follows. 1. Mean and standard deviation of the measurements were calculated for males and females. 2. Most of the skeletal vertical measurements, and maxillary and mandibular length were bigger in males than females. Whereas anterior facial height ratio(N-ANS/ANS-Me) as well as maxillary and mandibular antero-posterior position in relation to the vertical reference line(N-perpendicular) showed no signigicant difference between sexes. 3. Maxillary and mandibular dental antero-posterior position in relation to the vertical reference line(N-perpendicular) showed no significant difference between sexes. 4. The upper incisor show(U1-Stms) was $2.1{\pm}1.7mm$ in males and $3.3{\pm}1.7mm$ in females. In this study, hard tissue cephalometric norms of Korean adults for orthognathic surgery were obtained.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.38-39
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• 2016

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.37-37
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• 2023

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.305-313
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• 1992

This study was designed to investigate the effects of the maxillary sinus development and nasal septum deviation on diseases of maxillary sinus with cleft palate. The materials was 152 cephalometric Waters' projections consist of 76 cleft patients and 76 normal subjects. The results were as follows: 1. The disease of maxillary sinus was present in 49% of a cleft group and 14% of a control group, and prevalent in cleft side. 2. It showed no statistically significant difference in size of the maxillary sinus in cleft plate patients compared to the control population and in the cleft side to the noncleft side(p>.05). 3. Nasal septum deviation was more severe in the cleft patient its average value was 3.55㎜, compared to the control group, 0.99㎜(p<0.01) and 77% of the deviated nasal septum was deviated to the cleft side.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.299-310
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• 1987

The purpose of this study was to examine soft tissue and hardtissue changes following orthognathic surgery in patients with mandibular prognathism lateral cephalometric films were obtained immediate before surgery, 48 hours following surgery, and 6 months following surgery. 18 patients were selected (10 men, and 6 women) for this study, who had received orthognathic surgery. Statistical analysis for the each time interval differences were performed with the SPSS package The results were as follows, *In the cases of mandibular sagittal split osteotomy 1 LI point was moved backward (average 7.55mm) 48 hours following surgery. 6 months later, it was returned forward (average 1.1mm) Relapse rate was 14.6% 2 Pog was moved backward (average 8.3mm) 48 hours following surgery The ratio of horizontal change of soft tissue to hard tissue at pog is 0.95 1 *In the cases of maxillary Le-Fort I osteotomy & mandibular sagittal split osteotomy. 3. A point was moved forward (average 3.31mm) 48 hours following surgery. 6 months later, it was returned backward (average 0.31) Relapse rate was 9 4% 4 6 months later, the ratio of facial convexity angle change of soft tissue to hard tissue is 0.63 1.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.199-213
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• 1987

Upon analyzing the literature, it becomes apparent that norms for orthodontic diagnosis were from normal occlusion with pleasing face, and that the form and size of craniofacial skeleton were different between racial or ethnic groups. Therefore, this study was intended to establish Korean adult norms be useful for diagnosing the cases and to compare those to other ethnic or racial groups. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of ninety-one Korean adults with normal occlusion showing pleasing face consisted in forty-three males and forty-eight females. The subjects ranged in age from seventeen to twenty-six years. The tracings involved measurements that were analyzed with a digitizer. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows, 1. Norms of Korean adult males, females, and combined sexes were established. 2 It was found that in the form and shape of craniofacial skeleton, there were no significant differences between males and females, but in the size males were larger than females 3. There were a great variation between ethnic or racial groups in the measurements of craniofacial skeleton 4 The size of Korean cranial base was smaller than the American Caucasian. 5 The maxilla and mandible of Korean were less protruded than those of the other ethnic groups 6 The dental pattern of Korean were more proclined than that of the American Caucasian and less protruded than that of the American Negro and the North Indian.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 1968

The author has carried out the statistical standards on liner and angular measurements of sells turcica in 244 normal Korean of various age group by means of lateral cephalometric radiography. The results were as follows; 1. The linear measurements between Ant-Post distance and distance from the tip of tuberculum of sellae to posterior clinoid process were obtained 14.81mm, 9.85mm in the age of 5 years old male and 14.44mm, 9.52mm in female, respectively. There was no outstanding difference with age, but more predominant in female than male. 2. The linear measurements of inferior depth show somewhat increases but no changes in superior depth. 3. It has been showed that the greatest width revealed significant increment beyond 15 years old of both sexes in Korean. 4. None of the significant difference in angular measurement was found with age, but angulation for dorsum sellae decreased after 15 years of male. 5. Generally speaking, increment rates of female in each items were greater than male.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.411-419
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• 2000

Purpose: This study was aimed at analysis of the changes in the condyle position in subjects with mandibular setback osteotomies Method: Twenty patients were evaluated retrospectively for their changes in the condyle position who underwent surgical mandibular setback using bilateral sagittal split osteotomies with a manual condyle repositioning technique and rigid fixation. The cephalometric and panoramic analysis was performed preoperatively, 1 week, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. And postoperative noise, temporomandibular joint pain, and mouth opening were clinically examined 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 8 months, 10 months, and 12 months postoperatively. Result: The condyles rotated posteriorly and laterally immediately after surgery, and they returned to the preoperative position during follow-up period but it is not significant. The statistical analysis (Paired t-test) showed no significant effects in postsurgical stability. The changes in the condyle position didn't have a significant harmful influence on temporomandibular joint disorder. Conclusion: A careful surgical mandibular setback using manual condyle repositioning and fixation technique will move condyle minimally and that will decrease the relapse and temporomandibular joint disorder.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.197-207
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• 1990

This comparative study was undertaken to investigate the position of the hyoid bone in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals. The materials for this study consisted of 35 subjects with surgically repaired unilateral cleft lip and palate (25 males, 10 females) and 40 subjects with normal facial morphology (20 males, 20 females). Cephalometric measurements of unilateral cleft and palate individuals were compared with those of non-cleft individuals. The conclusions of this study were obtained as follows: 1. To the anterior cranial base, the hyoid bone in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals was located downward as compared with non-cleft individuals. 2. To the mandible, the hyoid bone in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals was located backward as compared with non-cleft individuals. 3. The distance between the dorsum of the tongue and the inferior border of the hard palate in unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals was longer than that in non-cleft individuals. 4. Unilateral cleft lip and palate individuals showed no significant difference in the distance between the hyoid bone and the dorum of the tongue as compared with non-cleft individuals.