• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제81권2호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2018

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious chronic condition with a global impact. Symptoms of COPD include progressive dyspnea, breathlessness, cough, and sputum production, which have a considerable impact on the lives of patients. In addition to the human cost of living with COPD and the resulting death, COPD entails a huge economic burden on the Chinese population, with patients spending up to one-third of the average family income on COPD management in some regions is clinically beneficial to adopt preventable measures via prudent COPD care utilization, monetary costs, and hospitalizations. Methods: Toward this end, this study compared the relative effectiveness of six indices in predicting patient healthcare utilization, cost of care, and patient health outcome. The six assessment systems evaluated included the three multidimensional Body mass index, Obstruction, Dyspnea, Exercise capacity index, Dyspnea, Obstruction, Smoking, Exacerbation (DOSE) index, and COPD Assessment Test index, or the unidimensional measures that best predict the future of patient healthcare utilization, cost of care, and patient health outcome among Chinese COPD patients. Results: Multiple linear regression models were created for each healthcare utilization, cost, and outcome including a single COPD index and the same group of demographic variables for each of the outcomes. Conclusion: We conclude that the DOSE index facilitates the prediction of patient healthcare utilization, disease expenditure, and negative clinical outcomes. Our study indicates that the DOSE index has a potential role beyond clinical predictions.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.138-163
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• 2021

부여 왕흥사지는 2015년까지 국립부여문화재연구소의 15차에 걸친 발굴조사를 통해 중심가람과 함께 동·서에 부속건물지를 배치하였음이 확인되었다. 특히 사역 서편구역의 경우 별도의 대지를 설정하고 내부에 다양한 건물지가 배치되었으며 동편구역에도 이러한 양상이 추정되는 대규모 사찰이었음이 밝혀졌다. 본고에서는 왕흥사지 부속건물지의 구조와 기능에 대해 평면 구조와 출토 유물을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 왕흥사지 부속건물지의 가장 큰 특징은 중심가람과 함께 초축되었다는 것이다. 이는 부속건물지가 단계적으로 확장된 능산리 사지와 차이를 보이는 점이다. 중심가람 공간의 경우, 동·서부속건물지는 독방을 사용하는 승려의 거주공간으로 추정되며 동·서건물지는 행정행위, 의례 준비, 접견 등 공적인 업무공간과 생활공간이 조합된 복합적 성격일 것이다. 중심가람 외부 공간에 대해 알아보면, 서편대지는 대지 조성 양상과 초축 수막새 출토를 고려하면 중심가람과 함께 조영되었을 것이다. 다만, 내부의 서편건물지를 살펴보면 단계별 기능 변화가 추정된다. 1단계는 제의공간으로서 별도의 진입시설과 보도시설을 갖춘 것을 알 수 있다. 이후 2단계에는 공방시설이 설치되는 등 승역의 기능이 부여된 것으로 생각된다. 마지막으로 현재 구체적인 양상을 확인되지 않았으나, 동편대지가 존재했을 가능성이 있다. 이에 대해 삼원식 구조라는 추정이 있었으나, 서편대지와 동일한 구조가 아니었을 가능성이 있어 승방 등 사찰 운영과 관련한 구조 등 다양한 시각에서 접근해야 할 것이다. 향후 사찰 구조에 대한 재검토와 추가된 발굴자료의 해석에서 부속건물지를 포함한 넓은 범위에서의 접근이 실시된다면 백제 사찰의 전반적인 모습을 복원할 수 있을 것이다.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.115-128
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• 2012

The structural and electrical properties of $(1-x)Ba(Sm_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3-xBaTiO_3$; ($0{\leq}x{\leq}1$) ceramics were prepared by conventional ceramic technique at $1375^{\circ}C$/7 h in air atmosphere. The crystal symmetry, space group and unit cell dimensions were derived from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) data using FullProf software whereas crystallite size and lattice strain were estimated from Williamson-Hall approach. XRD analysis of the compound indicated the formation of a single-phase cubic structure with the space group Pm m. Dielectric study revealed that the compound $0.75Ba(Sm_{1/2}Nb_{1/2})O_3-0.25BaTiO_3$ is having low and ${\varepsilon}^{\prime}$ and ${\varepsilon}^{{\prime}{\prime}}$ a low $T_{CC}$ (< 5%) in the working temperature range (up to+$100^{\circ}C$) which makes this composition suitable for capacitor application and may be designated as 'Stable Low-K' Class I material as per the specifications of the Electronic Industries Association. The correlated barrier hopping model was employed to successfully explain the mechanism of charge transport in the system. The ac conductivity data were used to evaluate the density of states at Fermi level, minimum hopping length and apparent activation energy of the compounds.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.1-9
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• 1993

This study is a basic research to analyze and estimate the light environment of the classroom by serial correlation of time. Its purpose lies in the comparison by time period in order In select floor for laboratory and to calculate the uniformity factor. The proving ground is T building in W university, Which is five floor of central hall type. The subject of investigating is eight classrooms, four rooms in South and North, from the second floor that is net influenced by the shelter. The results that compared and estimated them in the illumination of daylight, Uniformity factor, Daylight factor, are as follows1. The illumination of classroom in South and North is over 10001x, but the classroom in North is good and the classroom in South excellent.2. The uniformity factor of classroom in South is good and that of classroom in North is normal.3. The daylight factor of each classroom is over 5% but the classroom in South is above that in North. The classroom in South surpasses the classroom in North in the general light environment and the classroom in third and fourth floor is so better than that in second and fifth floor in the condition of laboratory In the uniformity factor, the classroom in fourth can be better than any classroom.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

This study is to find out the plan intention of the central space through visual analysis on the east and west stone pagodas relative to a main Buddhist hall, and the relation between the stone pagodas in Hwaeomsa.(華嚴寺) According to the analysis of it in this study, we make conclusions as follows; 1) The east and west stone pagodas was arranged with overlapping each Daeungjeon(大雄殿) and Gakhwangjeon(覺皇殿) for the view of a specific viewpoint, on the right of Bojeru(普濟樓). 2) The centering around a compositive axis which connect Gakhwangjeon, stone lantern, and stairs, the axis of two stone pagodas is not coincident. 3) Courtyard in Hwaeomsa is separated by high a stone wall for reinforcement, but it is integrated into visual perception owing to height of two stone pagodas connected visual line to Daeungjeon and Gakhwangjeon.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.134-141
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• 2017

General hospitals in Korea have increased more in size since 2000, and as not only medical service but the quality of the environment also got important, the considerable changes have appeared revolving around the lobbies. This study is a basic research to find a direction of a plan for general hospital lobbies in response to the demands that change. It was examined the current condition of lobbies so as to derive the idea of types of lobbies and of functional elements, and based on the research, it was compared and analyzed in terms of the spatial configuration to draw the characteristics by type. The result of the research is as follows. (1) The lobbies were explored after being classified into four types; the plan(central type/street type) and the elevation(eclectic type/double-story type). (2) The hall and corridor were ranked high in order of importance in the whole spatial configuration, and it has been utilized in various ways. (3) Also, each type differed with the others in its main functional area, regarding traffic line efficiency and spatial intelligibility.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권6호
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• pp.735-745
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• 2022

The suspension thyristor valve can generate tremendous vertical acceleration responses in layers and large tension forces in hangers. A shaking table test of a scaled-down model of thyristor valves suspended on a hall building is performed to qualify the risk of vertical uplift of two representative types of valves, the chain valve and the rigid valve. Besides, an analytical model is established to investigate the source of the slackening of hangers. The test results show that the valves frequently experience a large vertical acceleration response. The soft spring joint can significantly reduce acceleration, but is still unable to prevent vertical uplift of the chain valve. The analytical model shows a stiffer roof and inter-story connection both contribute to a higher risk of vertical uplift for a rigid valve. In addition, the planar eccentricity and short hangers, which result in torsional motion of the valve, increase the possibility of vertical uplift for a chain valve. Therefore, spring joints with additional viscous dampers and symmetric layout in each layer are recommended for the rigid and chain valve, respectively, to prevent the uplift of valves.

• Advances in nano research
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2024

The rapid evolution of intelligent sports equipment and gadgets has led to the transformation of smartphones into personalized coaching devices. This transformative role is central in today's technologically advanced landscape, addressing the needs of individuals with contemporary lifestyles. The development of intelligent sports gadgets is geared towards elevating overall quality of life by facilitating sports activities, workouts, and promoting health preservation. This categorization yields two primary types of devices: smart sports devices for exercise and smart health control devices, which encompass functionalities such as blood pressure monitoring and muscle volume measurement. Illustrative examples include smart headbands, smart socks, smart wristbands, and smart shoe soles. Significantly, the global market for smart sports devices has garnered substantial popularity among enthusiasts. Moreover, the integration of sensors within these devices has instigated a revolution in group and professional sports, facilitating the calculation of impact intensity and ball speed. The utilization of various types of smart sports equipment has proliferated, encompassing applications in both sports' performance and health monitoring across diverse demographics. This article conducts an assessment of the application of nanotechnology in the continuous modeling of the magnetic electromechanical sensor integrated within smart shoe soles, with a specific emphasis on its implementation in soccer training. The exploration delves into the nuanced intersection of nanotechnology and sports equipment, elucidating the intricate mechanisms that underlie the transformative impact of these advancements.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.3894-3906
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• 2014

본 연구는 정밀실측이 이루어진 국가지정문화재 중 사찰의 주불전을 대상으로 맞배지붕 건물과 합각지붕 건물로 구분하여 지붕에서 나타나는 앙곡, 안허리곡, 용마루곡과 지붕기울기를 분석하였다. 그 결과 는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 맞배지붕 건물의 앙곡과 안허리곡은 건물규모(면적), 내부 고주 유무 등과 밀접한 상관관계가 있다. 또한 5량가 구조와 7량가 구조중에 규모가 큰 7량가 구조에서 더 크게 나타났다. 둘째, 맞배지붕 건물의 앙곡과 안허리곡은 서로 상관관계가 있는데 앙곡이 큰 건물에서 안허리곡도 크게 나타난 것으로 분석되었다. 지붕기울기는 변수요인(평면요소, 입면요소, 단면요소)과는 크게 연관성이 없으며, 앙곡, 안허리곡, 용마루곡 크기는 공포의 외1출목과 외2출목에서 비슷한 크기였으나, 외3출목에서는 상대적으로 크게 나타났다. 셋째, 합각지붕 건물의 앙곡과 안허리곡은 맞배지붕 건물과는 다르게 서로 상관관계 없었는데, 전면과 측면은 서로 상관관계를 가지며 전면의 곡이 크게 나타난 건물에서는 측면에서도 크게 나타났다. 넷째, 합각지붕 건물 내부에 고주가 있는 건물은 앙곡과 안허리곡이 크게 나타난 반면, 고주가 없는 건물에서는 작게 나타났으며, 용마루곡은 건물규모와 건물높이에 밀접한 연관성이 있어, 건물이 높거나 큰 건물에서 용마루곡이 크게 나타났다. 지붕기울기는 맞배지붕 건물에서와 같이 변수요인과는 상관관계가 거의 없었다.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2016

Purpose: As our population ages and becomes an elderly society the number of elderly care hospitals is rapidly increasing. Because physical functions and spatial perception in the elderly decrease with age, these hospitals require more systematic and intelligent space designs. The design of these spaces are even more complex because they must accommodate medical programs to treat various different diseases and ailments and also because there are many first time patients and irregular short term patients that seek out outpatient treatment services. Also by analyzing the spatial configuration systems and systematic relationships between each of the functional spaces of the outpatient treatment service departments for hospitals specialized in care for the elderly by focusing on the hallway and corridor systems of these hospitals, the according characteristics and trends were examined. Methods: Based on preceding research, the types of hallway and corridor systems of these hospitals were categorized into five types, including gallery corridors, middle corridors, hall-type, mixed type and cyclic type corridors, and into six types according to function including by medical diagnosis, patient registration, examination, administration and convenience and shared common space to derive any interconnecting relationships between the corridor systems. Also by comprehensively examining the types and combined utilization of the corridor types and the integration and the intelligibility of the space syntax, any trends within the corridor system were derived. The elderly care hospitals examined in this research study were twelve hospitals that opened after the year 2000 in Korea with more that 150 sick beds with areas larger than $1000m^2$ and with all outpatient medical service related rooms located entirely on a single floor of the hospital. Results: The following results could be confirmed based on this research study. 1) The spaces where medical diagnosis and examination occurred were adjacent, and the movement lines for first time patients and re-visiting patients were taken into consideration by separating the treatment space. 2) This research study confirmed that the larger the size of the hospital was, there were more detailed categorizations of treatment services and that there was a tendency for treatment areas to be separated and independent from examination areas. 3) There was a tendency for integration and intelligibility to decrease the more complex and diverse the combination of hall types designed into the corridor systems of these hospitals was. cyclic type corridors dramatically decreased the intelligibility of the corridor systems of these hospitals. 4) The priority rank of these spaces were confirmed to be highest in the order of registration, diagnosis, examination, treatment, administration and shared common spaces. However it was confirmed for the local integration that the diagnosis scope had the highest priority rank. Implications: There were exceptional cases confirmed where the number of unit spaces did not have an absolute effect on integration and intelligibility. These results can be interpreted to mean that this can be overcome through efficient architectural planning.