• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.761-767
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• 2010

This study introduces a model of territorial analysis on Chungcheongnam-do Nonsan-chun valley area, which gives an example of a method of selecting the management area for non-point pollution source from land use to help eliminate its source. High discharge load per unit area signify high level of land ratio with high level of basic unit of development load (including factory sites, school sites, roadways), which mean that there are a significant level of urbanization. It is these areas with the examination of the water quality of the nearby river that should be considered as the management area for non-point pollution source. Thus, the management area for non-point pollution source should be sought in areas with high discharge load per unit area and high density of water pollution area. When level of drainage is high the pollution density level is relatively lower, and when the level of drainage is low the density level is relatively higher. The level of pollution from non-point pollution source is much lower with more water flowing through. The possible non-point pollution source areas that were selected with these standards were then examined with the distance from the river, the slope angle, land usage, elevation, BOD discharge density load, T-N discharge density load, T-P discharge density load, and were given a level one through five. Out of the possible areas Nonsan-si Yeonmu-eup Anshim-li was the densest area, and it was given level one. The level one area should be examined further with the field analysis to be selected as the actual management area for non-point pollution source.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.489-492
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• 1997

The general pattern of adaptation in the appendicular skeleton with aging is that the subperiosteal apposition of bone occur along with endosteal absorption. This remodeling of diaphysis to a cylinder of larger diameter is hypothesized to serve a mechanical compensatory unction by increasing the moment of inertia as the cortex thins with aging. These findings is only true of the diaphysis of long bone. Measuring the area and inertia at each section of femur, the age-related change of proximal emur and diaphysis is observed. After screening by physical and radiological examination, 200 normal Korean adults divided 5 groups in both male and female based on age. Twenty persons were in each group. One femur in each person was analyzed using CT images. femur scanned with 60 to 80 slices and this images were digitized. Then 2-D images were reconstructed into 3-D images. Using the nonlinear method, normalization and interpolation technique, 7 locations of interest (trochanteric area: 1, 2 subtrochanteric area: 3, 4, isthmic area: 5, 6, 7) were determined. On the each cross section at each location, the area (total, cortical and medullary) and 5 inertia of moment were measured. The results were analyzed statistically. With aging, significant area change occurred mainly in diaphysis and female. In trochanteric area, no significant change was noted. With aging, total and medullary area were increased, but cortical area was not changed. In diaphysis, lateral bendingresistanceincreasedsignificantly. No inertia change was noted in trochanteric area. Anteroposterior bending resistance was constant with aging. In more than age 60, total area and medullary area were larger than that of others. Lateral bending resistance was higher especially in diaphysis. In diaphysis, with aging, the decreased properties is compensated with the increased lateral bending resistance by geometric remodeling. In trochanteric area, no compensation occur. With aging, especially in more than age 60, the higher rate of trochanteric fracture is expected.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2005

A green area plan is getting attention as a way to solve the recent urban problems such as the rise of environment problems. To correspond to this change, there were dramatic amendments for the green area related laws. These amendments are appraised as the epochal turning point for the green area policies. This study is to introduce the main contents of amended urban green area law and urban park law in Japan, to compare with the Korean green area related laws, and to summarize the special features of both countries' green policies and the comments about the Korean green area policy structures. As a result, this amendment of Japan established the unified green area policy structure supporting the green area policies of municipal governments and is inducing living environment improvement by securing green area in the center of city, support, and the participation of residents. On the other hands, this amendment of Korea is a lack of the systemization of green area policy and the phased establishments of green area plan in spite of the scope of whole city because of absence of the unified high level plan.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1103-1114
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• 2009

In this study, the environmental behavior of malodor pollutants (MPs: $H_2S$, $CH_3SH$, DMS, and DMDS) was investigated around areas influenced by strong anthropogenic processes based on observations and modeling study (a CALPUFF dispersion model). The MP emission concentrations were measured from 8 industrial source regions (tire plants (S1-S3), waste water disposal plant (S4), and oil refinery (S5) in an urban center area and paper mill/incineration plant (S6) and livestock feedlots (S7-S8) in Ungsang area) in Yangsan city during a fall period in 2008 (21 October 2008). Overall, the most MPs emitted from the urban center area were found to affect the malodor pollution in their downwind areas during early morning (06:00 LST) and nighttime (18:00 and 21:00 LST), compared with those in the Ungsang area. For malodor intensity, the most MPs in the urban center area (especially S1 and S2) were found to be a significant contributor, whereas $CH_3SH$ and $H_2S$ in the Ungsnag area (especially S6) were the dominant contributor. The model study showed agreement in the spatial distributions of simulated MPs with those of the observations. The largest impact of MPs in the urban center area on the malodor pollution in its residential areas occurred at S1, S2, and S3 sites during nighttime, while that of MPs in the Ungsang area occurred at S6 and S8 sites. This may be caused mainly by the high MP emissions and in part by wind conditions (prevailing northeasterly winds with low wind speeds of 2-3 m/s).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.483-489
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze the catchment area of child care centers, which are becoming increasingly important due to social changes such as nuclear family and women's participation in society. In this study, we surveyed 2,174 children in 32 municipal child care centers in Suwon city. As a result, most of infants(0~2years old) were coming to daycare facilities by cars, and its catchment area for 90%ile were about 3km. Next, the catchment area of the children who walk to child care centers is about 500m. When using the car, the catchment area was 1.3km. This study provides the following suggestions. Considering the infant car use area, it is necessary to install more than one child care center per living area. In particular, there is a need to urgently expand daycare centers that provide child care services for infant care. Next, a nursing center-based pedestrian environment improvement project is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2008

This study investigated the status and problems of marine-related environmental impact assessment and a utilization-consultation system in Korea and suggested improvement of the review organization. Also, it conducted SWOT analysis based on evaluation of functions, roles and performance of the marine environmental impact assessment center and proposed development strategies of the center through introduction of expert opinions and advanced systems. The performance statement-review by the center in 2007 included 358 cases in total; 165 (46.1%) for consultation on utilization of sea area, 104 for environmental impact assessment (29.0%), and 89 (24.9%) for prior environmental review. The consultation on utilization of sea area can be divided into that for public water surface-use (41%) and reclamation (32%), and sea aggregate extraction process (21%). Although bad impacts on marine environment are reducing under the current system, there are some limits and problems to supplement it in terms of content, system and operation. Review system on sea area utilization-impact(marine environmental impact assessment center) by marine environmental management law needs to obtain expertise, fairness and efficiency and, to do so, have operational supports and institutional improvement to maximize its own functions and roles. At the same time, it is necessary for the center to establish identity and the status as a professional review organization by setting active development strategies inside the center. Finally, it should strengthen an consultation system of marine environmental impact assessment led by the related ministry to achieve effective coastal management.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of area and spatial elements according to the building size and provide the guidelines for space planning of the child care center. This study used the content analysis method and analysis was made on the floor plans for 51 cases and the floor plans were converted to Autocad drawings to analyze the area. The results of this study were as follows; 1) Child care centers over 70% were single-attached building types which made it possible for creating outdoor environments for children. However, most small-size centers which had under 50 children did not have the facilities for outdoor activities. 2) In terms of spatial elements, the basic spaces of the small-size center were the classroom, bathroom, kitchen, office and reference room. The medium or large size centers had extra rooms for special activities and service spaces in addition to the basic spaces. 3) Classroom area per child was 2.65 m2 on average. Space composition ratio on average for care, staff, and service was programmed by 57%, 9%, 34% respectively. Small-size center had relatively more care space when compared to the others. In the case of large-size centers, there was a tendency that service space was increased, but care space was decreased.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.348-355
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• 2007

We investigated temporal changes of composition, habitat area, growth rate and elements content of hydrophytes at the artificial vegetation island (AVI) in Kyungan Stream within Lake Paldang. We also assessed nutrient removal rate through cutting off the emergent part of hydrophytes. The kinds of hydrophytes have increased from four species (P. australis, P. japonica, T. angustifolia and the Z. latifolia) at initial stage of installation to more than 29 species for 6-year operation. P. japonica was most dominant species at the AVI in 2006. The habitat area of have increased about 2.5 times compared to the initial planting area, occupying 63% of AVI's vegetation area. The incoming species of S. fluviatilis and B. frondosa have adapted successively and expanded habitat area in the AVI. The relative growth rate of P. japonica and P. australis was highest in spring sprouting period. Their hights and weights have increased until summer, by the time they were cutting off the emergent part. They started regrowth immediately after cutting and continued to grow until September and withered away in November. The carbon contents of P. japonica and P. australis have increased during growth phase, on the contrary, the nitrogen and phosphorus contents have decreased. By cutting off and removing the emergent part (leaves and branches) of hydrophytes twice from AVI, $17.6gN/m^2/y$ of nitrogen and $1.3gP/m^2/y$ of phosphorus was removed from AVI in 2006.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.189-203
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• 2023

This study analyzed potential breeding sites for black-faced spoonbills on 70 non-breeding, uninhabited islands in Incheon, Korea, in order to suggest potential breeding sites for black-faced spoonbills, whose breeding population has recently been increasing. By comparing the environmental characteristics of breeding and non-breeding areas identified through a literature search, we developed a discriminant to identify potential breeding areas for black-faced spoonbills. Among a total of eight environmental variables(Island area, distance from land, distance to mudflat, distance to rice field, distance to sea route, depth of water, mudflat area, rice field area), the variables that influenced the selection of breeding sites for black-faced spoonbills were average water depth, tidal flat area, and paddy field area. As a result of discriminant analysis of breeding islands using these variables, the accuracy was found to be quite high at 80%. As a result of applying the developed discriminant to non-breeding islands located in the Incheon region, a total of 9 islands(Yongrando, Goseokdo, Beolyeom, Joreumseom, Goeriseom, Hambakdo, Moido, Bigajido, Ahyeom) were identified as potential breeding grounds for spoonbills. The research results can be used as basic data for future management of black-faced spoonbill breeding sites and selection of alternative habitats.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.55-66
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• 1990

The research deals with the establishment of transportation areas in the metropolitan cities. The purpose is three-fold ; 1) to review the existing literature : 2) to analyze the commuting (work and school) pattern and interregional movement pattern of passengers and freights ; 3) to establish the metropolitan transportation area based on the above analyses. The transportation area is defined by the analysis of trip pattern to the center city of each metropolitan area. The detailed indices for establishment are selected by the rank-size and time-distance analyses. For the operational purpose, the study defines 3 different transportation areas as follows : the first transportation area means the directly effecting region of the center city ; the second means the region with many reverse trips and development potentials ; and the third means the indirectly effecting region. It can be concluded that the first transportation area includes 10 cities and 5 counties in Seoul metropol tan region, Yangdsan-Gun, Kimhae-Gun and Kimhae-Si in Busan, Dalsung-Gun, Chilgok-Gun and Kyungsan-Gun in Daegu, Hwasung-Gun and Raju-Gun in Kwangju, and Daeduk-Gun in Daejun. These results could be expected to have many implications for the establishment of area-wide public transportation network, the metropolitan transportation decision-making bodies and others.