• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2016

Cell walls of microalgae consist of a polysaccharide and glycoprotein matrix providing the cells with a formidable defense against its environment. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of microalgae is primarily inhibited by the chemical composition of their cell walls containing biopolymers able to resist bacterial degradation. Adoption of pre-treatments such as thermal, thermal hydrolysis, ultrasound and enzymatic hydrolysis have the potential to remove these inhibitory compounds and enhance biogas yields by degrading the cell wall, and releasing the intracellular algogenic organic matter (AOM). This paper preproposal stage investigated the effect of different pre-treatments on microalgae cell wall, and their impact on the quantity of soluble biomass released in the media and thus on the digestion process yields. This Paper present optimum approach to degradation of the cell wall by ultra-sonication with practical design specification parameter for ultrasound based pretreatment system. As a result of this paper presents, a microalgae system in a wastewater treatment flowsheet for residual nutrient uptake can be justified by processing the waste biomass for energy recovery. As a conclusion on this result, Low energy harvesting technologies and pre-treatment of the algal biomass are required to improve the overall energy balance of this integrated system.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.1102-1105
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• 2008

The structural change and leakage of cellular substances of Saccharomyces cerevisiae attributed by high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment were observed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). S. cerevisiae (ATCC16664) was inoculated in apple juice for 10 min at $23^{\circ}C$ and the apple juice treated at 138, 207, 276, 345, and 414 MPa pressure for 30 sec at $23^{\circ}C$. Increased of roughness, elongation, wrinkling, and pores on yeast cell surfaces, the yeast cell walls were severely damaged by HHP treatment from 276 to 414 MPa. Inactivation of S. cerevisiae by HHP is dependent on structural changes on the cell walls observed with SEM.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1996년도 춘계학술발표회논문집(3)
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• pp.347-352
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• 1996

Studies on tile microstructural and compositional changes in sensitized Ni base Alloy 600 by laser surface melting have been carried out using TEM equipped with EDXA. The microstructure of the laser melted zone was mainly consisted of fine cells, and along the cell and grain boundaries, Cr enrichment due to its segregation was observed. Cr carbides having formed along the grain bundaries during the sensitization treatment have been completely dissloved. The cell walls were decorated with dislocations and the very tiny precipitates, found to be Ti(CN) type, were distributed randomly along the cell walls with tangled dislocations around them.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.502-504
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• 2009

We demonstrate a pixel-isolated bistable twist-splay namatic (PI-BTSN) liquid crystal (LC) cell which has two stable states of splay and ${\pi}$-twist. Each state is stabilized by a multi-dimensional anchoring effect of pixel-isolating polymer walls without any chiral additives. Polymer walls are formed around the pixel region by anisotropic phase separation between LCs and reactive mesogens. Switching between the two states is archived by using vertical and horizontal electric fields. The memory mode of the fabricated LC cell has shown infinity memory time.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2013

Efficient extraction of total proteins from soil microorganisms is tedious because of small quantity. In this regard, an improved method for extraction of whole cell proteins is developed from soil microorganisms, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris. of which the cell wall are very strong. Pretreatment with NH4OH prior to the final extraction using NaOH/SDS was tried under the basis that ammonium ion was possible to enhance the permeability and/or to weaken the yeast cell walls. The pre-treatment of yeast cells with NH4OH drastically enhanced the protein extraction when it was compared with control (without NH4OH pre-treatment). At the pre-treatment of 0.04 N NH4OH at pH 9.0, about 3 fold of proteins was obtained from p. pastoris. Ammonium hydroxide appears to penetrate into the yeast cell walls more readily at basic pH. The effect of NH4OH pretreatment was pH dependent. The methods developed in this experiment might be applicable for an effective extraction of yeast proteins for the purpose of biochemical studies, especially proteomic analysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.802-810
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• 2007

Fibrobacter succinogenes, a Gram-negative, anaerobic ruminal bacterium is a major fibre digesting species in the rumen. It intensively degrades plant cell walls by an erosion type of mechanism, burrowing its way through the complex matrix of cellulose and hemicellulose with the release of digestible and undigested cell wall fragments. The enzymes involved in this process include a combination of glucanases, xylanases, arabinofuranosidase(s) and esterases. The genome of the bacterium has been sequenced and this has revealed in excess of 100 putative glycosyl hydrolase, pectate lyase and carbohydrate esterase genes, which is greater than the numbers reported present in other major cellulolytic organisms for which genomes have been sequenced. Modelling of the amino acid sequences of two glycanases, CedA and EGB, by reference to crystallized homologs has enabled prediction of the major features of their tertiary structures. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis in conjunction with mass spectroscopy has permitted the documentation of proteins over expressed in F. succinogenes grown on cellulose, and analysis of the cell surfaces of mutant strains unable to bind to cellulose has enabled the identification of candidate proteins with roles in adhesion to the plant cell wall substrate, the precursor to cellulose biodegradation.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2017

이상기후에 따른 대형 태풍 내습 시 고파랑 대응을 위한 항만구조물의 안정성 향상 기술이 대두되면서 신형식 인터로킹 케이슨의 설계 및 시공기술에 관한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 기존 인터로킹 방식에서 응력집중현상에 대한 대안으로 채움재를 이용한 오픈 셀 케이슨은 채움재 마찰에 의한 저면(일부) 및 인접케이슨과의 결속력을 증대시켜 평활화효과를 가져온다. 이러한 오픈 셀 케이슨은 시계열 수평파력에 대한 전단 횡격벽의 응력집중을 파악함으로써 부재 설계 시 안정성을 확보하기 위해 오픈 셀 케이슨의 내 외부벽에 의한 사석 전단저항을 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 포항북방파제에 설치되었던 케이슨의 제원 및 설계조건을 바탕으로 해석대상을 선정하였으며, 채움재는 사석으로 가정하여 인터셀에 작용하는 전단력을 산정하고 내 외부벽 제원에 따른 전단거동을 수치해석을 통해 살펴보았다. 내 외부벽 배치 개수 및 연결부 사석두께 대비 외부벽의 길이를 변수로 저항력을 분석하였다. 제원에 따라 내 외부벽이 분담하는 비율을 분석한 결과, 외해 측에 있는 외부벽이 전체 전단력의 30% 이상을 저항하며 하중을 가장 많이 분담하였고, 내부벽이 거의 유사하게 60~70% 하중을 분담하였다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.392-399
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• 2008

Detached chili pepper fruits were inoculated with the conidial suspension of Colletotrichum acutatum JC-24 simultaneously (simultaneous inoculation, SI) and at delayed time (delayed inoculation, DI) after wounding with (delayed wound inoculation, DWI) or without additional wounding (delayed non-wound inoculation, DNI) at the inoculation time. Disease severity was significantly lowered by DNI, compared to SI. By DNI, the disease reduction rates were proportional with the length of delayed time, and greater at the high temperature range (18, 23 and $28^{\circ}$) than at the low temperature ($13^{\circ}$) tested. DWI was also effective in reducing the disease severity especially at 18oC; however, its effectiveness was lower than for DNI. In light microscopy, parenchyma cells at the wounding sites were modified structurally, initially forming new cell walls crossing cytoplasm, enlarged with multiple periclinal cell divisions, and finally layered like wound periderms. In DWI, the above structural modifications occurred, showing the restriction of the fungal invasion by the cell walls in enlarged modified cells, while no definite cellular modifications were found with proliferation of fungal hyphae in SI. Sclerenchyma-like cells with thickened cell walls were proliferated around the wounding sites, which were partially dissolved by DWI, probably leading to some disease development. All of these results suggest that the decline of the anthracnose disease in pepper fruit by the delayed inoculations may be derived from the structural modifications related to the healing processes of the previous wound inflicted on the tissues.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.3706-3713
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• 1996

A numerical study on natural convection induced by free surface heat flux and cold left and hot right walls in glass melting furnaces has been performed. A function of heat flux derived from the combustion environments of actual glass melting furnace is applied to thermal boundary condition at free surface. Fundamentally there exist two flow cells in cavity (left counterclockwise one and right clockwise one). The effects of heat flux and Rayleigh number are investigated through two-dimensional steady-state assumption. The convection strength of two flow cell located in left region continuously increases. In the mean time the strength of flow cell in right region increases and then decreases. Critical Rayleigh number in which two flow cells take place above and below show linear dependence on the free surface heat flux. To maintain the traditional flow pattern (left and right flow cells) in glass melting furnace, Rayleigh number is recommended to be below 10$^{5}$ .

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2010

암세포의 전이, 죽상경화증, 당뇨성 망막병증과 같은 병적인 과정에서 혈관내피세포는 핵심적인 역할을 담당한다. 죽상경화증의 죽종 형성에 혈관민무늬근육세포가 직접적으로 관여한다. 배꼽정맥, 혈관내벽, 그리고 망막에 있는 이들 내피세포들은 다양한 효소용액들을 이용하여 얻는다. 순수하게 분리된 이들 세포는 내피세포와 관련된 질병의 시험관 내 연구에 있어 중요한 모델이다. 이러한 관점에서 볼 때 대동맥 벽의 중간막에서 분리한 후 배양한 민무늬근육세포도 죽상경화증의 발병을 설명할 수 있다. 이 종설에서는 사람배꼽정맥내피세포(HUVEC),대동맥의 내피세포 및 민무늬근육세포, 그리고 망막미세혈관내피세포(RMEC)의 분리 뿐 만 아니라 이들 세포를 이용한 질병연구에 관한 논문들을 소개하고자 한다.