• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to present an efficient emission reduction ratio of plastic to reduce carbon dioxide, the main cause of greenhouse gases. Research design, data and methodology: This study calculated the absolute value of carbon dioxide by setting an equation through the emission coefficient using the US EPA's WARM model. Results: In the recycling ratio of 70%, it was found that the energy recovery ratio was 15.6%, which was the energy recovery ratio without generating carbon dioxide. When carbon dioxide is generated by changing plastic waste emissions, optimal efficiency is achieved by reducing emissions by 10% to 30% of energy recovery ratio, 20% to 50% of energy recovery ratio, and 30% to 80% or more of energy recovery ratio. Conclusions: The recycling rate should be set at a minimum of 70%, so that a carbon dioxide-free energy recovery rate could be obtained during the recycling process, supporting an eco-friendly basis for environmental policies aimed at this rate. In addition, it was possible to suggest that it is essential to reduce emissions by at least 30% for eco-friendly recycling measures that can achieve both economic and environmental feasibility in the energy recovery process through incineration during recycling in Korea.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.633-637
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• 2001

Oil fly ash is known as one source of raw materials from which vanadium and nickel metals can be recovered. The current recovery process of valuable metals from oil fly ash is mainly the hydrormetallurgy one. Nevertheless, a great amount about 50~80%, of unburned carbon remains as byproduct after hydrormetallursy process. In Taiwan, if hydrormetallursy processes have proceeded, it can be estimated that the annual production of unburned carbon is 25 thousand tons. From the viewpoint of resource recycling, this study is a preliminary study and investigates in recovery of sub micron- graphitized carbon from unburned carbon by a designed process. The designed process included the following steps: 1.selecting a portion with +400mesh size from unburned carbon; 2.treating the selected in ultrasonic waves; 3.using a 400mesh sieve to obtain the product which is under 400mesh; 4.Removal ash from the product. In regard to treatment by ultrasonic waves in the designed process, treating time of ultrasonic waves is a simple and only variance in this study. The results indicate that the production yields increase with the treating time of ultrasonic waves; the production yield in specific conditions of this study can reach about 23%, in which ash content in product is about 2.5%. According to results of SEM, TEM and XRD, the products from the designed process are flakes in shape, several microns in size and graphitized carbon in carbon crystal phase. Except to graphitized carbon, there are a little carbon blacks, which are graphite 2H in carbon crystal phase in the products. Conclusively, the designed process is possibly applicable, by which comes to the recovery of micron- graphitized carbon.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2015

In order to study the semi-conductive characteristics of carbon black-filled ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) composite film, which is used for measuring occlusal force, composite samples with volume ratios of carbon black to EPDM ranging from 30% to 70% were prepared. The process of making a composite film consists of two steps, which involve the preparation of a slurry composition and the fabrication of a thin film using solution casting and a lamination process. To prepare the slurry composition, we dispersed carbon black nanoparticles into an organic solvent before mixing with an EPDM solution in toluene. The mechanical and electrical properties of the resulting carbon black-filled EPDM film were then investigated, and the results showed that the electrical resistance of a film decreases with the increase in the carbon black content. Furthermore, improved elastic recovery was observed after cross-linking the EPDM.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.410-411
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• 2006

On the continental margins and in permafrost regions, natural gas, which has been expected to replace petroleum energy, exists In solid hydrate farm. World hydrate reserves Including natural gas are estimated at about twice as much as the energy contained In total fossil fuel reserves. Because of its vast quantities, the efficient recovery of natural gas from natural gas hydrate becomes the most important factor on evaluating the economic feasibility in the sense of commercialization. It has been noted that carbon dioxide, one of the well-known green house gases, possibly can be stored in the ocean floor as a carbon dioxide hydrate. If the natural gas hydrate could be converted into carbon dioxide hydrate, natural gas hydrate deposits would serve as energy sources as well as carbon dioxide storage sites in the deep ocean sediments. In this study, we first attempted to examine the real swapping phenomenon occurring between guest molecules and various structures of gas hydrate through spectroscopic identification such as NMR spectroscopy.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 2004

In order to investigate the performance of carbon dioxide PSA over zeolite adsorbent, the present study showed results of isotherm measurement, cyclic operation of 3-bed apparatus, and the corresponding numerical simulation. The experiment data of bed temperature, purity, recovery were matched well with that of numerical simulation. Purity of both gas and adsorbent phase increased rapidly with rinse rate but the degree of increase was retarded for large rinse rate The total amount of adsorbed increased only 10% even if rinse rate was enlarged to 4 times. Optimal rinse rate was 7N㎥/hr in this study. The heating rinse led to augments in recovery and productivity, possibly thanks to ease of description resulting from increased volumetric rinse rate and temperature rise in the column.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.208-215
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• 2010

EAF dust which is contained around 30% of zinc, 15% of iron and 3% of lead individually, is chemically treated by ammonium chloride, ammonia water, ammonia gas and carbon dioxide, and also tested and identified the ratios of the recovery of In by applied the variations of particle size, pH and heating temperature as well, in order to getting optimized recovery of the In metal after performing all of those processes. Experimental results showed that the rate of Zn recovery is 97% when the mixture of 1.3 of $NH_4Cl$/EAF is heated to the temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ and leached by water, and 95% recovery of In when ammonia gas and carbon dioxide is added simultaneously and adjust the 9.5 of pH to the same mixture above. For the purpose of remove the impurities in the mixed sample, which is prepared by the two samples, indicated above showing as the ratio of 95% and 97% recovery, in case of applied the cementation process to it, and also by electrolytic process, produced the In plate of 95~97%, and acquired 99-99.5% of In metal ingot finally by applied the heating process at $470{\sim}500^{\circ}C$.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2018

This study aims to investigate the characteristics on bottom ash flotation using vegetable oils as a collector. The experiment of changing the kerosene dosage as a collector for the flotation of coal ashes, the recovery of unburned carbon and unburned carbon content were 80% and 63%, respectively, when the dosage of kerosene was 9 kg/ton. The experiment of using soybean oil as a collector to improve flotation efficiency, the recovery of unburned carbon and unburned carbon content increased to 95% and 68%, respectively, when the dosage of soybean oil was 9 kg/ton. The recovery of unburned carbon and unburned carbon content were 99% and 78%, respectively, when safflower oil containing more poly unsaturated fats with double bonds than soybean oil was 9 kg/ton. The calorific value of the unburned carbon was 5,803 cal/g, confirming that it was possible to be used as a fuel for thermal power plants. Lastly, using vegetable oil as a collector it showed higher recovery of unburned carbon and higher unburned carbon than kerosene, which was mineral oil. Moreover, oil containing a large amount of poly unsaturated fat with two or more double bonds was found to have higher unburned carbon than other vegetable oils; thus showing excellent adsorbability for unburned carbon.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.59-71
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• 2023

Carbon capture, and storage (CCS) is important for the reduction of greenhouse gases and achieving carbon neutrality. CCS focuses on storing captured CO₂ permanently in underground reservoirs. CO₂-enhanced oil recovery (CO₂-EOR) is one form of CCS, where CO₂ is injected into the underground to enhance oil recovery. CO₂-EOR not only aids in the extraction of residual oil but also contributes to carbon neutrality by storing CO₂ underground continuously. CO₂-EOR can be classified into miscible and immiscible methods, with the CO₂-water alternating gas (CO₂-WAG) technique being a representative approach within the miscible method. In CO₂-WAG, water and CO₂ are alternately injected into the reservoir, enabling oil production and CO₂ storage. The WAG method allows for controlling the breakthrough of injection fluids, providing advantages in oil recovery. It also induces hysteresis in relative permeability during the injection and production process, expanding the amount of trapped CO₂. In this study, the effects of enhancing oil recovery and storing CO₂ underground during CO₂-EOR were presented. Additionally, cases of CO₂-EOR application in relation to CCS were introduced.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2018

This study aimed to investigate the effects of mechanical factors such as agitation speed and air rate in fly ash flotation. Specifically, we used thermal power plant fly ash with unburned carbon content of 3.4 to 3.7%. The effect of pH, agitation speed, collector dosage, and frother dosage - the key factors of froth flotation - showed unburned carbon recovery and unburned carbon content of 63% and 34%, respectively, when the dosage of safflower oil used as collector was 800 g/ton, pH was 7, agitation speed was 1,200 rpm, and frother dosage was 400 g/ton. The SEM/EDS analysis of fly ash in that case indicated that the spherical fly ash particles lowered the unburned carbon content as they floated with the air bubbles without being dissolved in the unburned carbon or settled in the ore solution. The other experiment of changing the mechanical factors such as agitation speed and air rate resulted in unburned carbon recovery and unburned carbon content of 74% and 67%, respectively, at air rate of 8 L/min and agitation speed of 900 rpm. The recovery and unburned carbon content increased as the low agitation speed and additional air injection decreased the strength of the eddy current in the ore solution and consequently prevented the floating of fine fly ash particles with unburned carbon. In addition, the recovery rate and unburned carbon increased further to 80% and 70%, respectively, showing the best performance when the agitation speed and air rate were lowered to 800 rpm and 6 L/min, respectively.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 1995

In the preparatIon of reclaimed aluminium lllgot from alumimum scrap, the aluminium recovery was studied a as a function of the preliminary treatment of samples, addition of flux and melting atmosphere. AI dross is produced by an oxidation reaction at the surface of liquid metal. The recovery of AI metal increases u up to maximum 95% by adding salt up to 7%, The recovery of AI metal in the compacted chip bale without oil removal mcrease about 14% compared io non-compacted chip. In the case of the AI seed melting process, the recovery of Al metal of the crushed and compacted chip hale is 97%, In meltmg of alumimum scrap under the atmosphere of carbon and nitrogen gas, the recovery of AI metal increase, but it is decreased when the mixture of salt and carbon powder is added excessively.