• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.869-877
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• 2020

The power consumption in the low consistency (LC) refining is an important indicator for the optimal control of the process and it is composed of the net power and the no-load power. The refining efficiency and process characterization of LC refining are directly affected by power consumption. In this paper, the effect of pulp consistency and average fiber length on the power consumption and refining efficiency were studied through the LC refining trials conducted by an experimental disc refiner. It is found that the curve of power-gap clearance can be divided into constant power section, power reduction section, and power increase section. And the no-load power and the adjustable domain of loading applied by the refining plates will increase as the increase of pulp consistency, while the increase of net power is larger than that of no-load power which makes the increasing of refining efficiency. Meanwhile, the adjustable domain of loading applied by the refining plates can be slightly improved by increasing the average fiber length, but its effect on the no-load power in the LC refining process can be neglected. The study of power consumption in LC refining is of positive significance for the proper selection of pulp properties in LC refining, in-depth exploration of refining mechanism, and energy consumption reduction in refining.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-58
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• 2003

Astromicin is an aminoglycoside antiviotic that is structually different from conventional aminoglycosides. Astromicin has been shown to be active against aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. The pharmacokinetics of astromicin were determined in 12 healthy volunteers ($65.5\pm5.23\;kg$ of body weight) following a 30-min continuous intravenous infusion at a dose of 200 mg. The plasma and urine samples were collected up to 24 h and drug concentrations were measured by a bioassay using Bacillus subtilis. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by fitting individual concentration-time curve to a one-exponential decay model. The plasma levels were $16.9\pm1.68\;and\;1.05\pm0.346\l{\mu}g/ml$ at 0 h and 8 h after the infusion, respectively. The elimination half-life of astromicin was $1.86\pm0.360\;h$ The volume of distribution was $0.182\pm0.0164\;L/kg$, and the total body clearance was $5.25\pm1.74\;L/h$. These pharmacokinetic parameters were similar to these of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. Therefore, it is recommended that therapeutic drug monitoring of astromicin could be conducted in a similar fashion as the other aminoglycosides.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.7 no.1_4
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• pp.38-50
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• 1977

A study on the mechanism of biliary and urinary excretion of chloramphenicol has been performed in the dog. 1) Chloramphenicol administered intravenously to dogs with ligated renal pedicle, readily appeared in bile greater than in plasma. 6.9% of a 50mg /kg i. v. dose of chloramphenicol were excreted into bile within 100 minutes. During the same periods of above experiment, the bile/plasma concentration ratios(B/P ratios) were 46 to 87. 2) Chloramphenicol injected into the vein of dog was rapidly excreted into urine. 18% of the administered dose were excreted into urine within 70 minutes. In the same periods of this experiment, Ccm/Ccr ratios were greater than 1.0 in most cases. 3) In experiment of simultaneous measurement of biliary and urinary excretion of chloramphenicol, Ccm/Ccr ratios were less than 1.0 and B/P ratios were 50 to 52. 4) In experiment measured simultaneously biliary and urinary excretion both Ccm/Ccr and $C^Hcm$(hepatic clearance) were significantly declined by probenecid, but not affected by 2,4-DNP and aminophylline although 2,4-DNP increased only bile flow and aminophylline both bile and urine volume. 5) Ccm/Ccr and $C^Hcm$ were increased in proportion to increment of plasma concentration ranging from 3.3 to 30 mg% of chloramphenicol. But when plasma concentration were increased to 70mg %, Ccm/Ccr were not increased and $C_Hcm$ were reduced about 30% in comparison with values obtajned at 30mg% of chloramphenicol. 6) Free/Bound(free to bouid from) ratios ranging from 1.0 to 90.0mg% of chloramphenicol were 76.2+3.72% $(mean{\pm}S.E.)$ Above results suggest that chloramphenicol is excreted into bile by a process of active trasport, that excretion of chloramphenicol into urine was made up with dual process, reabsorption and secretion, and that renal secretion was attained by active trasport process although renal reabsorption process could not understand.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-33
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• 2010

Paperless trade is a new trade paradigm that has innovated on traditional trade procedures, which relied on manual work in the past, and applied an IT-based e-document standard. To realize paperless trade in Korea, a lot of efforts have been made. Korea has overcome many difficulties, a lack of awareness, trials and errors, etc. at the initial introduction stage and strived to establish a stable infrastructure through the government's policy support and active cooperation with the trade business communities and related organizations. Now, Korea became a well-known leader in IT industry, especially in the paperless trade infrastructure and strategic policies. The one-stop trading system named 'uTradeHub' is operated by a paperless trade service provider, Korea Trade Network(KTNET). uTradeHub includes trade finance and settlement, customs clearance and export and import logistics, improving trading procedures and reducing related expenses. Private-Public joint efforts from Korean government and private sectors which have respectively fulfilled their role and function with market-oriented practical policies and strategies has lead Korea a world leading country in paperless trade. Moreover, Korea expended its efforts to the global areas. Korea has started to activate multi-national paperless trade alliances such as PAA(Pan-Asia e-Commerce Alliance), ASEAL(Asia Europe Alliance for Paperless Trading) as well as established the bilateral cooperative networks with China and Taiwan. The one-stop trading system, uTradeHub should keep close cooperations between nations since trade itself is implemented in a cross-border ways. In the near future, it is expected uTradeHub can achieve best results in the simplification of procedures and cost savings when an international linkage is completely established with international cooperations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.112-119
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• 2007

Under normal operating condition, the conductor of overhead transmission line could be always hold it's clearance within the safety margin that is specified in the line design guide of power company. Hence it may be very important to measure/or monitor the dip of the conductor, when building a new line, re-tensioning for an aged conductor, or monitoring dynamic line rating to maximize power capability. In this paper, we suggest a new method to estimate the dip and tension by catenary angle of the conductor. Since most conductors in overhead transmission lines show typical catenary curves, it can be uniquely determined the catenary curve for the conductor from the catenary angle at tower. Based on the catenary curve, the dip or horizontal tension can be easily estimated. Through some simulation and simple experimental results, it is verified that the suggested method can be effectively applied to measure/or monitor conductor dips and tensions in the overhead transmission lines.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.210-216
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• 2005

In many real-time applications, security is another important requirement, since the secure real time database system maintains sensitive information to be shared by multiple users with different levels of security clearance or to be attacked by hackers with ill will. Encryption policies are necessary for the security of secure real-time database systems in addition to the existing security methods, too. However, there has not been much work for the encryption policies in secure real-time database systems, although sensitive information must be safeguarded in real-time systems as well. In this paper, we propose a encryption manager for the purpose of solving the encryption policies of the secure real-time database systems. What is important in the encryption policies of secure real-time database systems is security and timeliness. A significant feature of the proposed encryption manager is the ability to dynamically adapt a encryption algorithm that consider transaction deadline and security level.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.590-594
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• 2006

Dental implant has become one of the important option for completely or partially edentulous patients, But it is challenging to reconstruct the severely atrophic ridge. Insufficient bone volume could restrict to place the wide and long implant and because of excessive interocclusal clearance, improper prosthetics could be produced. In this case bone augmentation for implant dentistry is necessary procedure to improve the insufficient bone volume. Therefore, bone augmentation or GBR is the most important procedure for successful implant placement and for ideal crown- root ratio. There are various bone augmentation techniques have been introduced recently; like block bone graft, distraction osteogenesis, inlay graft, onlay graft, etc.... In severe bucco-lingual resorption area, ridge splitting is the first choice of the treatment, because it provides a place for implantation and also has compaction effect. This technique may be indicated for sharp mandible and maxillary ridges in patients whose bone quantity is inadequate for primary stabilization. We report that the clinical experience of bone augmentation using ridge splitting technique in bucco-lingual bone resorption area.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.113-129
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• 2002

The present study designed to investigate whether hwangryunhaedok-tang show an anti-hypertensive effect and elucidate its possible mechanism in spontaneously hypertensive rats. The systolic blood pressures (SBP) were significantly decreased as an oral administration of hwangryunhaedok-tang compared with their control group. The urine volume was significantly increased by administration of hwangryunhaedok-tang but urinary sodium (UNaV), potassium (UKV), chloride excretion (UCIV) were not remarkably affected. The urinary creatinine excretion rate (UcrV) was significantly increased in rats administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang in association with increase of creatinine clearance (Ccr). The urine osmolality (Uosmol) was significantly decreased in SHR administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang without being changed in solute-free water reabsorption ( TcH20). The expressions of Aquaporin 2 (AQP-2). 3 and ${\alpha}\;1$, ${\beta}\;1$ subunits of Na.K-ATPase were determined by Western blot analysis to assess the role of these proteins in association with changes of renal functions in SHR administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang. The expression of AQP-2 and 3 protein was significantly down-regulated in the kidney of SHR administered with hwangryunhaedok-tang compared with those in control rats without being altered expression of ${\alpha}\;1$, ${\beta}\;1$ subunits of Na,K-ATPase. In the in vitro assay, Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) was inhibited by hwangryunhaedok-tang in a dose-dependent manner. Berberine and/or palmatine, which are well known as a main components of hwangryunhaedok-tang, also have an ACE inhibitory effects in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, these results suggest that hwangryunhaedok-tang lowered blood pressure through the increase of diuresis caused by down-regulation of water channels and the inhibition of Angiotensin converting enzyme.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.1893-1899
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• 2010

A foxtail moves forward on a flat surface when pushed by a vertical force. The distance moved by the foxtail depends on the degree of deformation. We experimentally investigated the main parameters that influence the distance moved while varying the pushing force, area, and velocity. We then fabricated a nylon barb that mimics the foxtail barb and performed theoretical and experimental analyses of the displacement according to the acting force and the deflection. In addition, we investigated the relation between the displacement and the angle of a foxtail-like robot's leg by varying the clearance between the robot body and the inner surface of the pipe. To find the design parameters of the barb of the robot for tubular-type digestive organs and blood vessels, we studied the relation between the acting force and the elastic modulus while varying the leg diameter.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1507-1512
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• 2010

In this study, the plasma induced by $CO_2$ laser lap welding of 6t Zn coated steel used for ship building was measured using photodiodes and a microphone. Then, the welding phenomenon with gap clearance of lap joint was compared with RMS-treated signal. Thus, we found that intensity of the RMS-treated signal increased with Zn vaporization; further, the presence of defects results in rapid variations with the RMS value as a function of lap-joint parameters. Besides, the FFT value of the raw signal with variations of changing welding parameters was calculated, and then the calculated FFT frequency value was set as the bandwidth of digital filter for a more accurate in-process monitoring. The RMS values were acquired by filtering the raw signal. By matching the weld beads and the calculated RMS values, we confirmed that there is a strong relationship between the signals and the defects.