• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.68-72
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• 2020

Purpose: Trisomy 21, the cause of Down syndrome (DS) with various medical problems, is the most common aneuploidy during the fetal period. For diagnosis, a non-invasive screening test using maternal blood, which cannot be confirmed and invasive confirmation test with a risk of miscarriage, may be performed. The trophoblast retrieval and isolation of the cervix (TRIC) have been proposed by some researchers as an alternative to overcome the limitations of current tests. We experimented using TRIC to identify the possibility of trisomy 21 for the first time in Asia. Materials and Methods: Three cases of DS were analyzed confirmed by invasive tests (chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis). All samples of trophoblasts immediately were immersed in phosphate-buffered saline and processed with formalin for fixation. The trophoblasts were isolated using an anti-human leukocyte antigen-G antibody coupled to magnetic nanoparticles. β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-expressing cells were considered as trophoblast cells, and the detection rate calculated. DS was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: The mean trophoblast detection rate using β-hCG was 78.1%, and the detection rate using FISH was 22.2%. In all cases, the trisomy of chromosome 21 was identified. Conclusion: Trophoblast can be obtained from the five weeks of gestation and has a high detection rate, so it is noted that it can replace the current prenatal genetic test. To realize the clinical application as a prenatal genetic test, we will need additional efforts to identify trisomy 21 as well as other chromosomal abnormalities in future large-scale studies.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.288-305
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• 2023

Background: The compression therapy, which is the standard treatment for lymphedema patients, may be difficult to implement and contraindicated to some patients depending on their health condition. Objects: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether kinesiology taping (KT) can be used effectively and safely in the management of lymphedema as an alternative treatment through systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: In February 2023, the literature was systematically collected through eight search engines with a combination of terms, 'lymphedema' and 'kinesiology taping.' We qualitatively analyzed the differences and safety of KT methods, and quantitatively meta-analyzed the effects of volume reduction in edema, range of motion (ROM), and pain improvement using Review Manager ver. 5. 4. To assess the risk of bias in the randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies, Risk of Bias was used. Results: A total of 616 articles searched and 20 studies were selected, including 12 RCTs and eight case studies. KT intervention could not replace multilayer compression bandage (MLB), but it demonstrated similar or better results compared to compression garment (CG), with reduced pain and improved intervention comfort. Studies reported skin adverse events ranging from 2.5% to 20.68%, with a total adverse event incidence of 7.7%. There was no significant difference in the application method of KT. As a result of the meta-analysis from the 8 RCTs, the KT intervention showed a mean difference (MD) of -7.18 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) [-12.64 to -1.72] in the volume change of lymphedema, while the pain difference was MD 0.82 with CI 95% [0.50 to 1.15], in comparison to the MLB and CG intervention. Conclusion: KT therapy led to a reduction in edema size, volume, pain, and improved ROM and quality of life. KT may be a viable option for lymphedema patients who have trouble applying traditional compression therapies.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.29-41
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to develope some techniques which can be used in the landscape simulation process using PC based computer grahics. As a result, a couple of utilities were programmed in AutoLISP language. The one(DSLINE.LSP) is to digitize 2-dimensional structuer forms in the interactive mode considering error handling, and the other one (IMPOST.LSP) is for superimposing and visualizing the digitized plan data to 3-dimension solids & surfaces referring to topographic elevations of meshes in digital terrain model. By applying utilities to present site, the followings may be described. 1) The utility DSLINE.LSP for digitizing simplified building structure form were proved to be easy to input data of polygons including orthogonal edges by handling user coordinates system and checking invalid intersection and default colsing. 2) IMPOST.LSP utility for superimposing and visualizing tool were proved to be more complicated and speedy in calculating process compared with a practical application of modeling tool before rendering process in landscape simulation of built environment on topographic relief, on specially mesospace level of assessment.

• 국제물리치료학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1651-1656
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to assess the changes in balance and proprioception of adults with limited ankle joint dorsiflexion, after the application of talocrural joint mobilization. The subjects of this study included 23 college students in their twenties with limited ankle joint dorsiflexion. The students were randomly assigned to the ankle joint mobilization group (AJMG, n=12) and the control group (CG, n=11). After 2 weeks of intervention using grade III talocrural joint mobilization in the anterior-posterior movement, the balance and proprioception of the subjects were assessed. Static/dynamic balance capabilities and ankle proprioception were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test. The dynamic balance and proprioception of AJMG were significantly improved after intervention (p<.05), In the comparison between the groups after the intervention, the dynamic balance and proprioceptive sense of AJMG were significantly improved compared to the control group (p<.05). This study suggests that AJMG can help improve the dynamic balance and proprioception.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2011

디지털 콘텐츠가 디자인, 만화, 영상 등의 각 분야에서 대세로 자리 잡아 가고 있는 추세이다. 많은 디지털콘텐츠가 포토샵에서 제작되거나 일부 작업 과정에서 활용되고 있다. 포토샵의 다양한 기능 중에서도 특히 채널은 원리적 이해와 사용법이 어렵지만 중요한 고급 기능임에는 분명하다. 채널과 Displacement map은 채널의 음영정보를 사용하고 있다는 점에서 공통점이 있다. 음영정보는 '흰색과 검은색 및 흰색과 검은색 사이의 무채색으로 구성되는 256단계의 정보'이다. 채널의 음영정보는 Displacement map에서 '이동'의 개념으로 사용된다. Displacement map은 'Displacement map 이미지'의 채널이 가진 음영정보를 분석하여 Displacement map이 적용되는 '원본 이미지'의 픽셀을 이동시킨다. 이것은 이동시키는 특성을 활용하기 위하여 채널의 음영정보를 만들 수 있음을 의미한다. 본 연구는 대표적인 CG 프로그램인 포토샵의 Displacement map에서 음영정보가 적용되는 원리를 분석하고자하였다. 공학적인 알고리즘 연구보다는 채널의 음영정보가 어떤 원리로 적용되는 지를 분석하여 음영정보의 원리적 이해를 정리하고 분석하는데 의미를 두고 있다.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2008

본 연구는 한우 체외 수정란의 성 감별과 신선란, 동결란 및 성 감별 수정란을 이식한 후 수태율, 분만율과 유산율, 생시 체중, 임신 기간을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다 Aspiration과 punching법으로 biopsied한 수정을 24시간 배양 후 생존율은 각각 80.0%와 90.0%로 유의적인(p>0.05) 차이는 없었다. 수정란을 성 감별한 결과, 웅성 수정란과 자성 수정란의 비율은 각각 42.1%와 52.6%였으며, 5.3%는 수정란의 성을 판정하지 못하였다. hCG를 처리한 수란우의 수태율은 46.4%로서 무처리구(38.5%)에 비하여 높은 경향이었으나, 처리구간의 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 신선란과 동결란을 수정란 이식 후 수태율은 각각 41.3와 35.0%로서 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 성 감별된 수정란과 성 감별하지 않은 체외 수정란 이식 후 수태율은 각각 27.5와 42.1%로 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 성 감별 된 수정란과 성 감별하지 않은 체외 수정란 유래 송아지의 분만율은 각각 85.0와 87.0%이었으며, 유산율은 각각 15.2와 13.3%로서 분만율과 유산율은 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 성 감별된 수정란과 성 감별하지 않은 체외 수정란 유래 송아지의 임신 기간은 각각 281.3일(female), 283.0일(male)과 288.2일(female), 282.3일(male)이었으며, 생시 체중은 각각 23.6(female), 24.6(남)과 25.0(female), 23.8 kg(male)로 유의적인 차이는 없었다. hCG 처리한 수란우는 한우 수정란 이식 후 수태율 개선 효과는 있는 것으로 판단된다. 성 감별 수정란 이식에 의해 송아지는 생산되었으나, 수정란의 biopsy 방법, 수정란 이식 후 수태율 개선과 같은 송아지 생산 효율을 개선해야 할 것으로 사료된다. 수정란 이식의 산업화가 정착하기 위해서는 동결란과 신선란 이식 후 수태율의 개선에 대한 노력이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.20-28
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• 2014

An efficient solution algorithm for simulating free surface problem is presented. Navier-Stokes equations for variable density incompressible flow are employed as the governing equation on Cartesian meshes. In order to describe the free surface motion efficiently, VOF(Volume Of Fluid) method utilizing THINC(Tangent of Hyperbola for Interface Capturing) scheme is employed. The most time-consuming part of the current free surface flow simulations is the solution step of the linear system, derived by the pressure Poisson equation. To solve a pressure Poisson equation efficiently, the PCG(Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient) method is utilized. This study showed that the proper application of the preconditioner is the key for the efficient solution of the free surface flow when its pressure Poisson equation is solved by the CG method. To demonstrate the efficiency of the current approach, we compared the convergence histories of different algorithms for solving the pressure Poisson equation.

• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 2002년도 Language, Information, and Computation Proceedings of The 16th Pacific Asia Conference
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• pp.411-420
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• 2002

The left-associative grammar model (LAG) has been applied successfully to the morphologic and syntactic analysis of various european and asian languages. The algebraic definition of the LAG is very well suited for the application to natural language processing as it inherently obeys de Saussure's second law (de Saussure, 1913, p. 103) on the linear nature of language, which phrase-structure grammar (PSG) and categorial grammar (CG) do not. This paper describes the so-called Loom-LAGs (LLAG) -a specialization of LAGs for the analysis of natural language. Whereas the only means of language-independent abstraction in ordinary LAG is the principle of possible continuations, LLAGs introduce a set of more detailed language-independent generalizations that form the so-called loom of a Loom-LAG. Every LLAG uses the very smut loom and adds the language-specific information in the form of a declarative description of the language -much like an ancient mechanised Jacquard-loom would take a program-card providing the specific pattern for the cloth to be woven. The linguistic information is formulated declaratively in so-called syntax plans that describe the sequential structure of clauses and phrases. This approach introduces the explicit notion of phrases and sentence structure to LAG without violating de Saussure's second law iud without leaving the ground of the original algebraic definition of LAG, LLAGS can in fact be shown to be just a notational variant of LAG -but one that is much better suited for the manual development of syntax grammars for the robust analysis of free texts.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the effects of the Graston-based massage method and microcurrent application on muscle fatigue after causing muscle fatigue of the quadriceps femoris by applying high-intensity exercise. METHODS: Study subjects (56 healthy subjects in their 20s) were randomized into a microcurrent group (MG), Graston group (GG), and control group (CG). To induce fatigue of the quadriceps femoris, the subjects performed squats 100 times without a break within about 5 minutes. Muscle fatigue was measured immediately after performing squats and 15 minutes after intervention. To measure muscle fatigue, surface electromyogram (EMG) was used to obtain and compare the median frequency. Microcurrent or Graston massage was applied to their quadriceps muscles 15 minutes after performing the squats. RESULTS: Muscle fatigue increased significantly in the vastus lateralis before and after intervention in the Graston group (p<.05), while no significant difference was observed in the rectus femoris and vastus medialis (p>.05). There were also no significant differences in the microcurrent group or the control group. CONCLUSION: Both the microcurrent group and Graston group showed a tendency for increasing median frequency values compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference except in the vastus lateralis treated with the Graston technique. Although there was no significant difference, the Graston technique could be utilized to reduce the occurrence of DOMS by preventing muscle fatigue in clinical practice or sports medicine.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.57-66
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to design appropriate digital tools for the production of makeup designs. In this study, we used a three-dimensional facial avatar simulation program developed by the Electronics and Telecommunications Research. This study is based on the creation of three-dimensional CG digital art of facial avatar makeup, produced by using simulation technology. First, the actual application and the tools for digital-optimization and media features were created, leading to the research and cleanup. Second, the theoretical background was applied to the formative elements of oriental colors in the designing process. Makeup design elements include point, line, surface, color, and texture. In this study, effective makeup design was interpreted to be based on the representation of particular elements, notably the design principles of balance, proportion, rhythm, repetition, emphasis, contrast, harmony, and unity. In Asia, design is based on the visibility of red, blue, black, yellow, and white-the colors of the five elements-and the use of points, lines, and shapes. This study was recently under scrutiny in relations to digital simulation and various three-dimensional designs, in terms of how to take advantage of a wide range of applications, and how to apply the findings through media and the dissemination of basic research. This study applies the characteristics of the limited existing stereoscopic three-dimensional and digital simulation programs in order to take advantage of the empirical research, providing a basis to implement this research in a meaningful way. A follow-up study is needed to extend these findings and theoretical foundation through continuous observation and in-depth technical development and research.