• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2020

Natural products are widely used due to their various biological activities which include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-obesity effects. In this study, we determined the antioxidative and anti-obesity effects of Polygonum cuspidatum 50% ethanol extract (PEE). The antioxidative effect of PEE was evaluated using its radical scavenging activity, total phenolic content, and reducing power. The anti-obesity effect of PEE was investigated using 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The antioxidative activity of PEE was progressively increased in various concentrations, mainly due to the presence of phenolic compounds. PEE also alleviated lipid accumulation on 3T3-L1 adipocytes and downregulated the mRNA and protein production of adipogenesis-related (SREBP-1c, PPARγ, C/EBPα) and lipogenesis-related (aP2, FAS, ACC) markers. Furthermore, we found that the inhibitory effect on lipid accumulation via PEE was caused by the alleviation of NF-κB, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, and JNK at the protein level. Taken together, our results imply that PEE is a potential antioxidant that can prevent obesity-associated disorders.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-50
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• 2004

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate anti-ischemic effect of LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture Methods: I designed to investigate whether LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture affects cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), pial arterial diameter(PAD), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats and to make manifest whether LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture is mediated by cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF), and the change of PAD was de terminated by video microscope and width analyzer. Results: The results were as follows; 1. LR1 Reduction in Acupuncture was increased rCBF and PAD, but decreased MABP. 2. HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF, but decreased MABP, and increased PAD. 3. LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture was significantly increased rCBF, PAD, but decreased MABP after withdrawing of the needle. This results suggest that LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture increased significantly rCBF by dilating PAD. 4. Pretreatment with indomethacin(1mg/kg, i,v.) was significantly inhibited LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced increase of rCBF and PAD, but increased LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced decrease of MABP after withdrawing of the needle. 5. Pretreatment with methylene blue($10{\mu}g/kg$, i,v.) was decreased LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced increase of rCBF and PAD, but accelerated LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture induced decrease of MABP. Conclusions: I suggest that LR1 HT8 Reduction in Acupuncture has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics, and the mechanism is mediated by cyclooxygenase.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

Objectives : Joongjeo($TE_3$) Supplementation Aekmoon($TE_2$) Draining is a method belongs to Ohaeng-acupuncture, using directional supplementation and draining. Methods : This study was designed to investigate the effects of $TE_3$ supplementation $TE_2$ draining on changes in cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) in normal rats. For these reasons, the present author investigated rCBF and MABP using laser doppler flowmeter in normal rats. In addtion, the present author also investigated action mechanisms of $TE_3$ supplementation $TE_3$ draining on changes in rCBF and MABP too. Results : In this results, $TE_3$ supplementation $TE_2$ draining elevated rCBF in time-dependent manner, but MABP levels decresed by $TE_3$ supplementation $TE_2$ draining. Pre-treatment with indomethacin (IDM), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, inhibited increase of rCBF effectively. But pre-treatment with methylene blue(MTB), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, decreased rCBF levels. In addition, pre-treatment with IDM also decreased MABP levels, but pre-treatement with MTB increased MABP levels. Conclusions : In conclusion, these results suggest that $TE_3$ supplementation $TE_2$ draining is effective to treat patient with disease related to cerebral ischemia, because $TE_3$ supplementation $TE_2$ draining can increase rCBF. In addition, the mechanisms are thought to be related to guanylate cyclase pathways.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2002

Objective : Bangpungtongseongsan(BTS) has been used in oriental medicine for many centuries as a prescription for a heat syndrome of apoplexy. The effects of BTS on the vascular system are not well known. This study is designed to identify the effects of BTS on the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), arterial blood pressure and action mechanism in mice. Methods : We measured the change of rCBF and BP by BTS. Secondly, we investigated changes of rCBF and BP for 30 minutes interval after venous inject 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0mg/kg each density BTS infusion into mice, which were premanaged with methylene blue(10mg/kg, i.v), indomethacin(3mg/kg, i.v.), propranolo(3mg/kg, i.v.) for 30minutes. Results : rCBF increased significantly by BTS in a dose-dependent and BP was not affected by BTS in mice. Pretreatment with methylene blue significantly inhibited rCBF increased by BTS and aceelrated BP not affected by BTS. Pretreatment with indomethacin significantly inhibited rCBF increased by BTS and inhibited BP not affected by BTS. Conclusion : These results show that BTS causes the increasement of rCBF and non-change of BP. The action mechanism is related to prostaglandid activated by cyclooxygenase.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2004

This experimental study was designed to investigate the effects of Sagunja-tang(SGJT), Ijin-tang(IJT), Yukgunja-tang(YGJT) on the change of cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood f1ow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP), and pial arterial diameter (PAD)] in normal rats, and further to determine the mechanism of action of YGJT. And, this Study was designed to investigate whether YGJT inhibit lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) activity in neuronal cells. The results were as follows ; 1. SGJT significantly increased rCBF but MABP was not changed comparing with normal MABP(l00 %). This results were suggested that SGJT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. 2. IJT significantly decreased rCBF in a dose-dependent, but significantly increased MABP in a dose-dependent. This results were suggested that IJT significantly decreased rCBF by contracting PAD. 3. YGJT significantly increased rCBF and PAD in a dose-dependent, and YGJT increased MABP compared with normal MABP(100 %). This results were suggested that YGJT significantly increased rCBF by dilating PAD. 4. The YGJT-induced increase in rCBF was significantly accelerated by pretreatment with indomethacin (IDN, 1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase but was significantly inhibited by methylene blue (MTB, 10 ㎍/㎏ i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. 5. The YGJT-induced increase in PAD and MABP were accelerated by pretreatment with IDN but was significantly inhibited by MTB. This results suggested that the mechanism of YGJT is mediated by guanylate cyclase. 6. YGJT inhibited significantly LDH activity in neuronal cells. This results were suggested that YGJT prevented the neuronal death. I thought that YGJT should have improvement of cerebral hemodynamics and inhibitive effect on the brain damage.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37권8B호
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• pp.695-705
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• 2012

무선 단말과 자동차 산업의 발전으로 도로 위의 차량들이 데이터 전달의 주체가 되는 차량 애드 혹 네트워크(Vehicular Ad hoc Networks, VANET)에 대한 연구가 활발하다. 차량에 의해 전달되는 데이터는 승객/운전자의 안전 및 교통 혼잡에 영향을 주는 긴급한 정보를 포함하고 있으므로 빠르고 신뢰성 있게 전달되어야 하고, 이를 위한 라우팅 프로토콜은 VANET의 성능에 큰 영향을 미친다. 이에 본 논문에서는 데이터 전달에 참여하는 차량의 이동 방향이 성능이 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 이를 기반으로 신호등이 있는 도로에서 빠르고 신뢰성 있게 메시지를 전파하기 위해 CBF(Contention-Based Forwarding)를 확장하는 방안을 제안한다. 제안하는 방안은 신호등이 있는 도로에서 메시지 전파의 신뢰성을 높이면서도 전달 차량 간의 위치 관계 변화에 의한 라우팅 루프와 메시지 전달이 중단되는 등의 문제를 발생시키지 않는다. 또한 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안하는 방안을 적용한 CBF(R-CBF)와 기존 연구 중 메시지 전달의 신뢰성을 향상시키되 메시지 전파 방향과 반대로 이동하는 차량을 전달 차량으로 선택하는 G-SRMB의 성능을 비교하여 R-CBF가 G-SRMB에 비해 메시지 전파 지연 시간을 최대 38% 감소시키고, 불필요한 재전송 없이 동작함을 확인하였다.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the effects of Calculus Bovis-Fel Uris-Moschus pharmacopuncture (BUM) on the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in normal and cerebral ischemic rats and to investigate a possible pathway involved in the effects of BUM. Methods: The changes in the rCBF and the MABP following BUM into Fengfu (GV16) were determined by using a laser-Doppler flow meter and a pressure transducer, respectively. Results: BUM significantly increased the rCBF and decreased the MABP in normal rats in a dose-dependent manner. The effect on the rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with methylene blue (0.01 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, but was not affected by pretreatment with indomethacin (1 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. The BUM-induced decrease of the MABP was changed neither by methylene blue nor by indomethacin pretreatment. In the cerebral ischemic rats, the rCBF was stably increased upon cerebral reperfusion in the BUM group in contrast to the rapid and marked increase in the control group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that BUM into Fengbu (GV16) increased the rCBF in a dose-dependent manner in the normal state; furthermore, it improved the stability of the rCBF in the ischemic state upon reperfusion. Also, the effects of BUM on the rCBF were attenuated by inhibition of guanylate cyclase, suggesting that the effects involved the guanylate cyclase pathway.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.339-344
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• 2000

기도에 존재하는 섬모는 인체의 방어기전으로서 중요한 역할을 하며 섬모운동의 장애는 여러 가지 기도질환을 유도하는 원인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 기도 내 섬모의 운동을 생채 내에서 측정할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하여 섬모 운동 주파수(ciliary beat frequency, CBF)를 autoregressive(AR) 스펙트럼 분석을 통하여 정량화하였다. 생체 내에서 운동하고 있는 섬모의 주파수를 측정하기 위해서 레이저와 광섬유 프루브를 사용하는 광전신호(photoelectric signal)방법을 응용하였다. 섬모운동에 의해 산란된 레이저 빛은 광섬유 프루브에 의해 탐지되어 포토 다이오드에서 전기적인 신호로 전환된다. 시리얼 통신을 통하여 PC로 전송된 디지털 섬모운동 신호는 화면에 디스플레이 되며 AR 스펙트럼 방법에 의해 실시간으로 CBF가 결정될 수 있다. 인체의 비강 중비갑개 전단부(anterior end of middle turbinate)에서 직접적으로 프루브를 적용하여 획득된 신호를 분석하였다. 8명의 정상인에 대하여 분석한 결과 CBF는 5에서 10Hz 사이에서 분포했으며 평균적으로 7.3$\pm$1.1Hz 값을 나타냈다. 이는 현재까지 알려진 CBF 값과 유사한 결과이며 측정된 값들의 표준편차도 또한 보고된 결과와 유사한 양상을 나타냈다. 본 연구 결과는 약물에 대한 섬모운동의 영향 및 질별 발달 과정에서의 섬모 운동의 변화 분석 등의 임상 연구에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.193-196
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• 1994

Primary depression with cognitive impairment, referred to as depressive pseudodementia, may be mistaken for a progressive degenerative dementia. Recognition of primary depression is clinically important because of its treatability. To differentiate depression from degenerative dementia, author used brain SPECT. By the result the regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) in elderly depressed patient was decreased in the right frontal cortex. The pattern of rCBF was different from that of dementia which shows decreased rCBF in bifrontal cortex. By using brain SPECT in depressed elderly patient with cognitive impairment, the discrimination from dementia will be more effective and accurate.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.153-166
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• 1999

SAENGMAEGSAN(SMS) has been used in oriental medicine for many years as a therapeutic agent for cerebral disease. The effect of SMS on the vascular system is not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of SMS on blood pressure, regio-nal cerebral blood flow(rCBF). 1. Blood pressure did not change by SMS in rats. 2. rCBF was increased by SMS in a dose-dependent manner. 3. Pretreatment with propranolol. methylene blue and indomethacin significantly inhibited SMS induced increase in rCBF. These results suggest that SMS causes a diverse response of blood pressure, regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and pial arterial diameter. The increase in rCBF is also mediated by prostaglandins. cyclic GMP and adrenergic ${\beta}$receptor.