• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of the declination of the subtalar joint rotation axis and the structural features of the ankle joint complex such as rear-foot angle alignment and ligament laxity test between chronic ankle instability (CAI) patients and healthy control. Method: A total of 76 subjects and CAI group (N=38, age: $23.11{\pm}7.63yrs$, height: $165.67{\pm}9.54cm$, weight: $60.13{\pm}11.71kg$) and healthy control (N=38, age: $23.55{\pm}7.03yrs$, height: $167.92{\pm}9.22cm$, weight: $64.58{\pm}13.40kg$) participated in this study. Results: The declination of the subtalar joint rotation axis of the CAI group was statistically different from healthy control in both sagittal slope and transverse slope. The rear-foot angle of CAI group was different from a healthy control. Compared to healthy control, they had the structure of rear-foot varus that could have a high occurrence rate of ankle varus sprain. CAI group had loose ATFL and CFL compared to the healthy control. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the deviation of the subtalar joint rotation axis and the structural features of the ankle joint complex were different between the CAI group and the healthy control and this difference is a meaningful factor in the occurrence of lateral ankle sprains.

• Composites Research
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.18-22
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 복합적층판의 저속충격실험을 통하여 충격력과 충격거동의 관계를 확인하였다. 또한 육안으로 확인하기 어려운 손상역영을 탐지하기 위하여 비파괴검사인 c-scan을 이용하였다. CAI실험을 통하여 저속충격을 받은 복합적층판의 압축강도를 측정하였다. 저속충격실험, 비파괴검사, CAI실험을 통한 복합적층판의 저속충격거동 특성을 확인하기 위해 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션을 적용하여 가상의 확률분포를 나타냈다. 가시화된 통계적 확률분포를 이용하여 주요변수들을 비교 및 분석하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.508-516
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• 2002

이 연구에서는 소집단 구성 방법에 따른 협동적 CAI의 효과를 개념 이해도, 개념 응용력, 과학 학습 동기, 수업 참여도에 대한 인식 측면에서 조사하였다. 서울시의 한 남녀공학 중학교에서 1학년 97명을 선정하고 '분자의 운동'에 대하여 5차시 동안 수업을 실시하였다. 두 처치 집단에서는 사전 과학 청취도를 기준으로 이질적 소집단과 동질적 소집단을 구성하여 협동적 CAI를 실시하였고, 비교 집단에는 전통적인 수업을 실시하였다. 이원 공변량 분석 결과, 처치 집단들의 개념 검사 점수가 비교 집단에 비하여 유의미하게 높았다. 그러나 집단 구성 방법에 따른 차이는 유의미하지 않았다. 개념 응용력 검사와 과학 학습 동기 검사 점수에서는 세 집단 간에 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 그러나 협동적 CAI 집단의 수업 참여도에 대한 인식이 비교 집단에 비하여 더 긍정적이었다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 1989

General Physics CAI Program was developed for university science and engineering student. The program was restricted in the field of mechanics and was mainly aimed for individual tutorial. This project was supported by Government. Department of Education, physics attending their general physics classes in university. The program was written in BASIC and constructed by frame, 4 professors and 6 graduate students were involved in the project. Summary of this study is as follows. 1. The theory of CAI was illuminated from a new point of view to enhance usefullness of CAI. Also the structure of frame type CAI was studied. 2. The program was developed as follows 1) The program consisted of main program, pretest routine, tutorial routine, final test routine, and several other routines for program control. Whole program was written in BASIC. 2) 20 problems for pretest, 90 problems and subsequent hints and solutions for tutorial, 20 problems for final test were developed. 3) According to student's pretest result, tutorial course was routed through several different courses which contain different number of problems 4) The expected rate of achievment for final test was set to 75%. 5) Data of students response to problems including number of tries and time used were recorded for the purpose of achievment analisys 3. 22 students went through whole course and the results were as follows. 1) Pretest marks were widly distributed from 20 points to 100. It means that achievement of high school physics course were not enough. 2) Throughout tutorial course, students who had got higher mark in pretest answered correctly in the first trial at a higher rate of 78 %. Overall rate of correct answer in the second trial was distributed appropriatly. 3) Average mark of final test was 78.8 points, rather a higher rate of achievement than expected. This means that the program was constructed well.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 1998

수준별 학습자에 따른 CAI 프로그램 요소의 영향을 연구하기 위하여 두 종류의 CAI 프로그램을 개발하였다. CAI 프로그램은 초등학교 4학년 1학기 단원 3. 시간과 각도 중에서 '각도 4차시' 분에 대하여 하나는 열린 문제를 포함하는 'CAI 프로그램 1'을 개발하였고, 두 번째는 기존의 방법으로 'CAI 프로그램 2'를 작성하였다. 이러한 연구 문제를 해결하기 위해서 연구 대상은 안동송현초등학교 4학년 243명 (실험 집단 122명, 비교 집단 121명)을 선택하였으며, 통제 변인은 CAI 프로그램의 종류만 다르게 하였다. CAI 프로그램 적용 결과의 자료 분석은 t 검증과 학습자 면담을 병용하였다. 프로그램 적용 결과 우수아 집단에서는 p＜.0023 수준에서 t＜3.2268로, 보통아 집단에서는 p＜.0706 수준에서 t＜1.8211로 'CAI 프로그램 1'을 투입한 집단이 높게 나타났으나, 부진아 집단에서는 p＜.8073 수준에서 t＜.2458로 의미 있는 차를 발견하지 못하였다. 면담 결과 우수아, 보통아 집단의 경우에는 열린 문제에 흥미를 가지고 수업에 참석한 것으로 분석되었으나, 부진아 집단의 경우에는 별 차이점을 발견하지 못하였다. 본 연구 결과 열린 간제(열린 마당, 열린 평가)를 포함하는 프로그램이 개인차에 따른 모든 집단에 도움이 된다고 판단되었다. 따라서 수학과 CAI 학습 프로그램 모형으로 열린 문제를 포함하는 'CAI 프로그램 1'의 모형을 앞으로의 CAI 프로그램 개발 시 활용할 모형으로 제시한다.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate differences of landing strategy between people with or without chronic ankle instability (CAI) during double-leg drop landing. Method: 34 male adults participated in this study (CAI = 16, Normal = 18). Participants performed double-leg drop landing task on a 30 cm height and 20 cm horizontal distance away from the force plate. Lower Extremities Kinetic and Kinematic data were obtained using 8 motion capture cameras and 2 force plates and loading rate was calculated. Independent samples t-test were used to identify differences between groups. Results: Compared with normal group, CAI group exhibits significantly less hip internal rotation angle (CAI = 1.52±8.12, Normal = 10.63±8.44, p = 0.003), greater knee valgus angle (CAI = -6.78±5.03, Normal = -12.38 ±6.78, p = 0.011), greater ankle eversion moment (CAI = 0.0001±0.02, Normal = -0.03±0.05, p = 0.043), greater loading Rate (CAI = 32.65±15.52, Normal = 18.43±10.87, p = 0.003) on their affected limb during maximum vertical Ground Reaction Force moment. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that CAI group exhibits compensatory movement to avoid ankle inversion during double-leg drop landing compared with normal group. Further study about how changed kinetic and kinematic affect shock absorption ability and injury risk in participants with CAI is needed.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2005

Objectives: The propose of this study was to compare the effects of sex education methods between CAI and Lecture on to improve sex related knowledge and attitudes of middle school female students. Methods: The subjects were selected from one of the Kyoungbuk province's girls middle school. Out of 9 classes of first grade, 2 classes were selected as experimental group and 2 classes were selected as control group. This research was conducted from September 1st to October 1st, 2004. 8 lessons of CAI sex education program was given to experimental group and 8 lessons of sex education lectures was given to control group. To measure the level of sex related knowledge and attitudes of the subjects, the researcher used the modified Kye's, Sung's and Jung's sex related knowledge and attitudes scale. SPSS/Win 10.0 program was used to analyse the data along with Frequency, Percentage, $x^2$-test, t-test, and paired t-test. Results: 1. Sex related knowledge score in the experimental group educated by CAI program will be different from the control group using lecture education(t=3.49, p=0.001). 2. Sex related attitudes score in the experimental group educated by CAI will be different from the control group using lecture education(t=2.94, p=0.004). Conclusions: From the above results, CAI sex education program showed as more effective than lecture method to improve sex related knowledge and attitudes.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1996

The purpose of this study were to examine the difference of the effect of CAI and students’attitude to Home Economics Class through CAI. 120 girl students of the first year were chosen at B middle school in Daegu. Among them each 30 students were classified into 4 groups； High Intelligence group/Individual learning pattern, High Intelligence group/Small group learning pattern, Low Intelligence group/Individual learning pattern, Low Intelligence group/Small group learning pattern. The task of learning was “management of washing”Unit of the second grade. The data were processed with Cronbach’s ${\alpha}$, t-test, ANOVA by SPSS/PC(sup)+. The research findings are as follows： 1. In the verification of CAI Learning effect according to student group pattern, there is no difference between Individual learning pattern and Small group learning pattern in Achivement and Retention of learning. 2. In the verification of CAI Learning effect according to student intelligence level, there is no difference between High Intelligence group and Low Intelligence group in Achivement and Retention of learning. 3. The result of students’attitude to Home Economics Class verificated is an follows. (1) Individual learning pattern is more attensive than Small group learning pattern, but there is no difference in Intelligence level. (2) Low Intelligence group is more positive than High Intelligence group, and Small group learning pattern is more positive than Individual learning pattern in a view of Home Economics Class after using CAI.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of reduced plantar cutaneous sensation on gait kinematics during walking with and without CAI. Method: A total of 20 subjects involved in this study and ten healthy subjects and 10 CAI subjects participated underwent ice-immersion of the plantar aspect of the feet before walking test in this study. The gait kinematics were measured before and after ice-immersion. Results: We observed a before ice-immersion on plantar cutaneous sensation, CAI subject were found to reduced ankle dorsiflexion, knee external rotation, hip adduction, and internal rotation compared to control subject. After ice-immersion, CAI subjects were found to reduce knee external rotation, hip adduction. However, no significant ankle joint kinematics. Conclusion: While walking, gait pattern differences were perceived between groups with and without plantar cutaneous sensation. The results of the study may explain the abductions in the hip angle movements in CAI patients at initial contact compared to healthy subjects in the control group when plantar cutaneous sensation was reduced. A change in proximal joint kinematics may be a conservative strategy to promote normal gait patterns in CAI patients.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.74-94
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of education between CAI(Computer Assisted Instruction) and lectures for smoking cessation among male students who attended vocational high schools. Conducted from February 24th to April 26th, 2003, the study design was quasi-experimental with nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The study subjects were 60 male students in K vocational high school in Daegu city, who were present smokers and had more than 7.0 ppm concentration level of carbon monoxide. Thirty students were randomly chosen as the experimental group which applied CAI education method for smoking cessation. The other 30 students served as the control group which received lecture education method of 40 minutes on four consecutive days. CAI education for smoking cessation was composed of ready-made individual learning contents, counseling by using cyber-communication, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. Lecture education for smoking cessation was composed of a ready-prepared lecture for the group, writing a letter to stop smoking, and writing a written agreement for smoking cessation. To measure smoking related knowledge, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related knowledge scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.84)$ was modified and used by the researcher. To measure smoking related attitude, Jeong Ree Roh(1996)'s smoking related attitude scale$(Cronbach's\;{\alpha}=0.91)$ was modified and used by the researcher. Smoking related knowledge scale's Cronbach's $\alpha$ was 0.83 in the pilot study and 0.93 in this study. Smoking related attitude scale's Cronbach's a was 0.80 in the pilot study and 0.98 in this study. To determine the smoking amount, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was checked. The concentration level of CO in the exhaled breath was measured (Micro CO Cat. No. MCO2, UK). Data was analyzed by $x^2-test$, t-test, repeated measures ANOVA. simple main effects, and time contrast test with SPSS/Win 11.0 program. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The first hypothesis. that 'Smoking-related knowledge score in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation', was not supported. 2. The second hypothesis, that 'Smoking-related attitude in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be higher than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=6490.79. p=0.000). 3. The third hypothesis. that 'Smoking amount in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported. 1) The third-1st sub-hypothesis. that 'The number of cigarettes smoked per day in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be less than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation'. was supported(F=134.19. p=0.000). 2) The third-2nd sub-hypothesis. that 'The concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath in the experimental group by using CAI education for smoking cessation will be lower than that in the control group by using lecture education for smoking cessation"' was supported(F=268.55. p=0.000). From the above results. CAI education can be an effective intervention to improve smoking-related knowledge and attitude. and to reduce the number of cigarettes smoked per day and the concentration level of CO by ppm per one exhaled breath. Lecture education can be effective to improve smoking-related knowledge. In the future, when CAI education and lecture education for smoking cessation are applied on the school nursing field. the students can gain a comprehensive understanding of smoking cessation, changes in smoking-related knowledge. smoking-related attitude and reducing smoking amount. Furthermore, CAI education for smoking cessation could be developed as an individual self initiative program and could give a guideline to apply CAI education for smoking cessation in other field.