• 복식
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• 제21권
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• pp.87-99
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• 1993

The fiber morphologies of the textiles from the burials of the Seip group of Ohio Hopewell (ca. 100 B.C. to A.D. 500)mounds were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. A theoretical model was proposed which delineates the rate of morphological change in fibers through time and the cultural activities which occur during the life of a textile element. The Seip textiles were categorized according to their visual and structural characteristics. The microscopic examination of the Seip textiles yielded the evidence of animal hair fibers and bast fibers. The animal hair fibers of the seip textiles were identified as the hair of rabbit or hare. The bast fibers of the Seip textiles exhibited variation in morphological features such as the degree of bundle separation and the presence of transverse striations, fibrillations, or trans-verse cracks.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1056-1064
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• 2008

Toes socks are used widely for the health of feet. However, discomfort is one of the major complains from toes socks users. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of functional fibers on the physiological response and wearing sensation of toes socks. For experiment, two different toes socks with cotton/warm fiber(WS) and cotton/chitosan fiber(CS) were knitted automatically by a computer controlled flat knitting machine. The control toes socks with cotton/nylon/polyurethan(TS) were prepared to compare the properties. Experiments were conducted in a climate room of $16\pm2^{\circ}C$, $50\pm5%$ R.H. The results of this study were as follows. The change of heart rate, pulse rate, and mean skin temperature showed no difference among three different socks. However, skin temperature of TS was evaluated higher than that of WS and CS. After exercise wearing WS both instep temperature and sole temperature of women tend to higher compared to men. Wet sensation and overall comfort sensation of toes socks were significantly influenced by different fiber contents. Subjects evaluated WS and CS more comfortable than TS.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.641-647
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• 2012

This study investigates the sound properties of fabric frictional sound (SPL, ${\Delta}L$, ${\Delta}f$) according to the film type of PTFE laminated vapor-permeable water-repellent fabrics in order to understand the relationship between SPL and the basic properties of fabrics such as layer, yarn type, and thickness of fiber. This study accesses their mechanical properties and determines how to control them to minimize SPL. Eight PTFE laminated water-repellent fabrics, composed of four different film types (A, B, C, D) and with two different fabrics, were used as test specimens. Frictional sounds generated at 1.21m/s were recorded by using a fabric sound generator and SPLs were analyzed through Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT). The mechanical properties of fabrics were measured by KES-FB. The SPL value was lowest at 74.4dB in film type A and highest as 85.5dB in type D. Based on ANOVA and post-hoc test, specimens were classified into less Loud Group (A, B) and Loud Group (C, D). It was shown that SPL was lower when 2 layer (instead of 3 layer), filament yarn than staple, and thin fiber than thick were used. In Group I, shearing properties (G, 2HG5), geometrical roughness (SMD), compressional properties (LC, RC) and weight (W) showed high correlation with SPL however, elongation (EM) and shear stiffness (G) did with SPL in Group II.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.129-136
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• 1993

Authors have studied the adsorption of anionic surfactant from detergent solutions on cotton fabric during washing process and have measured the concentration of the residual surfactant in rinsing solution. The relations with temperature and pre-soaking time to rinsing process have been studied. The adsorption of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate by various textile fibers has also been investigated. The results of this study are; 1. Three times rinsing is sufficient as, without pre-soaking, the concentration of the surfactant on fabric is stable from that time on. 2. The rinsing efficiency increases with temperature; at $25^{\circ}C$, $40^{\circ}C$, and $55^{\circ}C$, the concentrations of surfactant on the fabric after-rinsing are 68, 59, 51 mg/100 g of fiber respectively. 3. The longer the pre-soaking time, the lower the rinsing efficiency is; the 4hrs presoaked fabric shows increased surfactant concentration than the one without-soaking. And the increment is 35.8%. 4. The adsorption of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate on fabrics differs greatly with the chemical nature of the fiber; wool, silk and nylon which are thought to be ionic-adsorbants shows greater adsorption. 5. The adsorption of surfactant is more affected by the ionic character than the physical one, and the one with higher crystallinity such as cotton and polyester shows lower value than rayon or acetate.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1030-1038
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeability of crabyon fiber contained cotton towels after dyeing with gallut. In this study, the colorants of gallnut were extracted with boiling water at 60℃ and 60min. Crabyon, composite fiber of Chitin/Chitosan and cellulose, is manufactured by uniformly blending Chitin/Chitosan and cellulose viscose and extruding the blended viscose into spin-bath. Cotton towels with crabyon fiber dyed with extracted solution from gallnut according to concentration, temperature and time. Crabyon fiber contained cotton towels dyed using gallnut were pre of post-mordanted using Al, Cu, and Fe. The dyeability(K/S) and color characteristics(L^*, a^*, b^*, C, and h(color angle)) of dyed crabyon fiber contained cotton towels were measured by computer color matching machine and photographs. The crabyon fiber composition of cotton towels was conformed by amide peak(-CONH-) of chitin or chitosan of FT-IR spectroscopy. The results obtained were as follows; The amide peak of crabyon fiber contained cotton towels appeared at about 1652 cm⁻¹. The dyeability of crabyon fiber contained cotton towel was increased gradually with increasing concentration of gallnut dyeing solution and saturated at about 150%(o.w.f). The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were 90~100℃ and 80minutes expectively. The crabyon fiber contained cotton towels were dyed reddish yellow by non, Al, and Cu mordanting, reddish blue by Fe mordanting, respectively. The fastness to washing according to concentration of gallnut in and mordanting method indicated good grade result as more than 3~4 degree in all conditions.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2011

Calcium alginate fiber were prepared by wet spinning of various conditions, including different concentrations of sodium alginate solution and $CaCl_2$ concentrations for coagulating the fiber through an absorption of calcium ion. The absorption of calcium ion during the coagulating step lead to solidify the fibers by the replacement of sodium ion with calcium ion to produce some crosslinking. The concentration of calcium ion in the calcium alginate fiber seems to be well related to the mechanical and physical property of the fiber, such as fiber strength moisture regain, and degree of swelling. The tensile strength of calcium alginate fiber was increased along with the increasing amount of sodium alginate solution. According to EDS analysis, 7 wt% $CaCl_2$ coagulation bath resulted in more calcium ion in the fiber compared to 3 wt% $CaCl_2$ coagulation bath. The decomposition temperature of calcium alginate fiber was $199^{\circ}C$, which $14^{\circ}C$ higher than that of sodium alginate.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.1075-1081
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• 2008

Eco-friendly processing using enzymes has been focused in textile industry in order to reduce environmental pollutions. This paper was suggested to hydrolyze non-cellulose, such as fats and waxes in cotton fabrics by lipase treatment. Enzymatic treatment conditions were controlled according to pH, temperature, enzyme concentration, and treatment time. The physical properties of the lipase-treated cotton fabrics were evaluated by measuring weight loss, moisture regain and dyeing properties. The surface morphology of lipase-treated cotton fabrics were observed by SEM. As a result, the optimum conditions for the lipase treatment were at pH 4.2, temperature 50$^{\circ}C$, concentration 50%, and treatment time 90 minutes. Calcium chloride and Triton X-100 were effective auxiliaries in lipase treatment.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2004

Low temperature plasma (LTP) treatment using oxygen gas was applied to a wool fabric. The LTP treated wool fabric was tested with several methods: ASTM D5035-1995, ASTM D1424-1996, AATCC Test Method 99-2000, AATCC Test Method 61-2001 lA, AATCC Test Method 15-2002 and AATCC Test Method 8-2001 and the results were compared with the industrial requirements (ASTM D3780-02 and ASTM D4155-0l). The results revealed that the LTP treated wool fabric could fulfil the industrial requirements. The results of the investigation were discussed thoroughly in this paper.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.241-244
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• 2006

In this paper, the effect of cellulase treatment was evaluated by means of phenol-sulphuric acid method. This method was performed by determining sugar liberation in the treatment bath with the amount expressed in glucose equivalent. As compared with conventional method, the measurement of amount of sugar liberated gave a more reliable and accurate result than the weight loss method. It was found that although the weight loss of cellulose became negligible when the treatment was done under agitation-free condition, the amount of sugar liberated was still readily measurable.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.653-662
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• 2012

This study measured the effect of general pre-treatment on PLA fabrics to confirm the benefits of enzymatic processing on PLA fabrics in the textile industry as well as evaluated the hydrolytic activities of three lipases. The effects of lipase hydrolysis were analyzed through moisture regain, dyeing ability, tensile strength, and surface morphology. As a result, PLA fibers were easily damaged by a low concentration of sodium hydroxide and a low treatment temperature. The optimal treatment conditions of Lipase from Candida cylindracea were pH 8.0, $40^{\circ}C$, and 1,000 U. The optimal treatment conditions for Lipase from Candida rugosa were pH 7.2, $37^{\circ}C$, and 1,000 U. The optimal treatment conditions for Lipase from Porcine pancreas were pH 8.0, $37^{\circ}C$, and 2,000 U. The moisture regain and dyeing ability of PLA fabrics increased and the tensile strength of PLA fabrics decreased. The results of surface morphology revealed that there were some cracks due to hydrolysis on the surface of the fiber.