• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2005

Bupleurum euphorbioides is isolated and restricted to high mountains in Korea northeastern China. Its conservation depends on whether it is threatened by inbreeding or a loss of genetic diversity. We compared the genetic variability in B. euphorbioides with B. longiradiatum, a widespread congener, to understand how they differ in their population genetic structure. Although B. euphorbioides showed a little lower genetic variability than B. longiradiatum, $F_{IS}$ statistics for most loci were strongly positive in both B. euphorbioides (0.445) and B. longiradiatum (0.553). In addition, B. euphorbioides showed higher mean $F_{ST}$ value than B. longiradiatum (0.297 vs 0.194). It might be due to the polycarpic nature of B. longiradiatum, which holds higher genetic potentials effectively in homogeneous environment than the monocarpic B. euphorbioides. The results suggested that B. euphorbioides is a genetically viable species, and that they are threatened primarily by environmental factor.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.29-31
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• 1993

A methanol extract of the roots of bupleurum longiradiatum (Umbelliferar) showed antiinflammatory activity in rats. Hexane, chloroform, butanol, and aqueous fractions from the methanol extract were tested with the result that only the hexane fraction exhibited positive activity. Fractionation of the hexane extract resulted in isolation of arborinone as an active principle.

• 생약학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2000

'Si Ho'(柴胡) is one of the chinese crude drugs used mainly to cure inflammation, fever, cough, hepatitis, jaundice, etc. Though the botanical origin of the crude drug has been considered to be Bupleurum species of Umbelliferae, there has been no pharmacognostical study. To clarify the botanical origin of 'Si Ho', the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the roots of Bupleurum species growing in Korea, such as Bupleurum euphorbioides Nakai, Bupleurum falcatum L., Bupleurum leveillei Bois., Bupleurum longiradiatum Turcz. and Bupleurum scorzoneraefolium Wild. were studied. As a result, it is authentified that 'Si Ho' was proved to be the root of Bupleurum falcatum and B. scorzoneraefolium and 'Jug Si Ho' was the root of B. longiradiatum.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.640-642
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• 2002

The ethyl acetate fraction of Bupleurum longiradiatum was found to have an inhibitory effect on the tube-like formation of human umbilical venous endothelial (HUVE) cells. The active compounds, isolated from the fraction, were identified as acetylbupleurotoxin (P1) and bupleurotoxin (P2). The compounds P1 and P2 completely inhibited the tube-like formation of HUVE cells at 30 ${\mu}g$/ml, below the cytotoxic concentration. But, they did not exhibit antitumor activity on BDF1 mice bearing Lewis lung carcinoma cells despite their antiangiogenic activity.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.634-638
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• 1998

The effects of MeOH extracts from 88 herbal medicines on monoamine oxidase (MAO) acitivity were investigated. MAO was purified from mouse brain and its activity was determined by fluorospectrophotometer using kynuramine as a substrate. The $K_m\;and\;V_{max}$ values (n=4) of MAO were $78.2{\pm}4.0\;{\mu}M$ and $0.65{\pm}0.05$ nmol/min/mg protein, respectively. Four MeOH extracts from Melilotus sauvelolens, Eupatorium lindleyanum Bupleurum longiradiatum and Sorbaria sirbiforia showed a strong inhibitory effect with less than $100{\mu}g/ml$ in their $IC_{50}$ values on MAO activity. Six MeOH extracts including Agastache rugosa showed a mild inhibitory effect with 100~200${\mu}$g/ml in their $IC_{50}$ values. Twenty-two MeOH extracts including Melandryum seoulense exhibited a week inhibition of MAO activity with 200~300${\mu}$g/ml in their $IC_{50}$ values.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2006

This study was to analyze vegetation and soil characteristic, and ordination of Bupleurum latissimum community located in Seo-Myun, Isl. Ulleungdo. The Bupleurum latissimum community was classified into Physocarpus insularis subcommunity and Artemisia stolonifera subcommunity, and there was Artemisia stolonifera subcommunity in destroyed site of Bupleurum latissimum community. In the study sites, soil organic matter, nitrogen, available phosphorous, changeable potassium, changeable calcium, changeable magnesium concentration, cation exchangeable capacity, and soil pH were ranged from 19.0~25.6%, 0.67~0.96%, 47.8~103.0ppm, 2.4~2.8(me/100g), 13.8~15.0(me/100g), 8.4~9.0 (me/100g), 34.0~38.4(me/100g), and 5.9~6.0, respectively. The Bupleurum latissimum community had higher nitrogen, exchangeable magnesium, and available phosphorous concentration than in Bupleurum euphorbioides and Bupleurum longiradiatum community. The Berberis amurensis var. latifolia and Valeriana officinalis var. latifolia that was companion species of Bupleurum latissimum community was found in area of having high soil organic matter and nitrogen concentration. The Ligustrum foliosumwas found in shrubbery, and so the reason could give little competition with Bupleurum latissimum community. The Bupleurum latissimum is the endangered species managed by Ministry of Environments in Korea. Its community has been destroyed, and so we need any action to protect the community.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.16-28
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• 1987

Carlaviruses were isolated from naturally infected medicinal plants, and identified by means of test plants and electron microscopy. Mottle symptoms were shown on leaves of Panax ginseng, Aralia cordata, Xanthium strumarium, Taraxacum officinale, Aconitum carmichaeli, and Bupleurum longiradiatum var. breviradiatum. Ring spot on leaves of Abutilon avicennae and ring mosaic or vein clearing on leaves of Sambucus sieboldiana were also shown. These viruses had rather narrow host ranges by mechanical inoculation. The virus particles were scattered or aggregated in cytoplasm of infected host plant leaves. The carlaviruses for which the name panax virus S (PaVS), aralia virus S (ArVS), xanthium mottle virus (XaVS), taraxacum virus S (TaVS), aconite mottle virus (AcMV), bupleurum virus S (BuVS) and abutilon ring spot virus (AbRSV) were proposed, had flexuous particles with width 13 nm and length $620{\sim}720nm$. A reported elder ring mosaic virus was isolated from leaves of Sambucus sieboldiana with ring mosaic or vein-clear symptoms.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2008

환경부 지정 멸종위기식물이며 한국특산식물인 섬시호(Bupleurum latissimum Nakai)의 외부형태학적인 유연관계를 재조사하기 위해 유집분석과 주성분분석 그리고 판별분석을 수행하였다. 섬시호는 경생엽이 이저이고 소총포가 꽃보다 길고 난형이며 소화경수가 16-25개인 점에서 등대시호와 유사하나, 식물체가 대형이고 상록성 2년생 식물이며 소총포가 녹색인 점에서 뚜렷이 구별되었다. 또한 섬시호는 경생엽이 이저이고 식물체가 대형이며 소총포가 녹색인 점에서 개시호와 유사하나 소총포가 꽃보다 짧고 선형이며 소화경수가 7-15개인 개시호와 구별되었다. 따라서 수리분류학적 여러 형질들은 섬시호가 한국산 나머지 시호속 종들과 뚜렷이 구별되나 등대시호와 유연관계가 깊다는 사실을 지지해 주었다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.18-34
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• 2008

외부형태에 근거하여 한반도 시호속은 시호군(시호, 참시호), 등대시호, 그리고 개시호군(개시후, 섬시호)로 구분이 가능하다. 시호군은 경생엽이 선형 또는 선상 피침형으로 기저부가 줄기를 감싸지 않는 유저인 반면, 개시호군과 등대시호는 경생엽이 난상 피침형 또는 제금형으로 기저부를 완전히 감싸는 이저 또는 전저이다. 그리고 시호군과 개시호군은 정생하는 복산형화서를 중심으로 복잡한 취산배열을 하는 반면, 등대시호는 정생하는 복산형화서를 중심으로 단순 취산배열을 하고 있다. 한편, 등대시호는 식물체가 소형이고 소회경의 길이가 짧고 그 수가 20여개 이르는 반면, 개시호군과 시호군은 식물체가 대형이며 소화경이 길게 신장하고 그 수가 10여개에 불과하다. 화분의 특징으로 섬시호와 개시호는 화분의 공구가 미약하게 발달하는 반면, 참시호, 시호 및 등대시호는 화분의 공구가 뚜렷하게 발달한다. 염색체는 시호가 2n=20, 참시호와 개시호가 2n=12, 등대시호 및 섬시호가 2n=16으로 관찰되었지만, 등대시호와 섬시호의 핵형이 달라서 서로 유연관계가 없는 것으로 나타난다. 이상에서 섬시호는 개시호와 가장 유연관계가 깊은 것으로 보이지만, 분지 분석 결과 섬시호의 유연관계는 뚜렷하게 분석 되지는 않았지만, 오히려 러시아에 분포하는 B. bicaule와 가까운 것으로 나타나고 있다. 보전생물학적 측면에서 섬시호는 인위적 남획과 방목 염소가 최대 위협요인으로 판단된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2009

Objectives : Bupleuri Radix (Siho) is prescribed as the root of different Bupleurum species on the pharmarcopoeia in Korea and China. Moreover, other species and varieties of the genus Bupleurum have been also distributed on the herbal market as Bupleuri Radix. However, due to the morphological similarity and frequent occurrence of intermediate forms, the correct identification of this radix is very difficult. To develop a reliable method for correct identification and improving the quality standards of official Bupleuri Radix, we analyzed sequences of the ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS) region. Methods : PCR amplification of rDNA-ITS region was performed using ITS1 and ITS4 primer from 6 Bupleurum species and 1 variety, B. falcatum L. (Siho), an improved breed of B. falcatum L. (Samdo-Siho), B. chinense DC. (Buk-Siho), B. scorzonerifolium Willd. (Nam-Siho), B. longiadiatum Turcz. (Gae-Siho), B. euphorbiodes Nakai (Deungdae-Siho) and B. latissimum Nakai (Seom-Siho), and nucleotide sequence was determined after sub-cloning into the pGEM-Teasy vector. Authentic marker nucleotides were estimated by the analysis of ClastalW using entire rDNA-ITS sequence of three samples per species. Results : In comparative analysis of the rDNA-ITS sequences, we found specific nucleotides to distinguish Korean (B. falcatum L. and its variety) and Chinese official species (B. chinense DC. and B. scorzonerifolium Willd.) from others at positions 411 and 447, and positions 89, 101, 415 and 599, respectively. Futhermore, we also found nucleotide indels (insertion and/or deletion) and substitutions to identify each of different Bupleurum species, 2 positions for B. falcatum L. and its variety, 6 positions for B. chinense DC., 49 positions for B. scorzonerifolium Willd., 8 positions for B. euphorbioides Nakai, 7 positions for B. longiradiatum Nakai and 9 positions for B. latissimum Nakai. These sequence differences at corresponding positions are avaliable nucleotide markers to determine the botanical origins of Bupleuri Radix. Moreover, we confirmed the phylogenetic relationship of B. latissimum Nakai, a Korean endemic speices, among Bupleurum species based on the rDNA-ITS sequence. Conclusions : These marker nucleotides would be useful to identify the official herbal medicines by the providing of definitive information that can identify each plant species and distinguish it from unauthentic adulterant Bupleurum species.