• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.264-273
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• 2016

The insulation of a building envelope influences the hygrothermal performance as well as the thermal performance of the building. While most of Korean wood frame houses have an interior insulation system, the exterior insulation system with high thermal performance has recently been applied. While it can be effective in energy savings for better insulation performance, without consideration of the moisture, condensation and mould growth can occur. Therefore, in this study, hygrothermal behaviour, water content, and mould growth were analyzed using hygrothermal simulation of an exterior wall of a wood frame house with which the interior insulation and exterior insulation systems were applied. The wall layer included Wall A (Interior insulation) and Wall B (Exterior insulation). The U-values were identified as 0.173 and $0.157W/m^2K$, respectively. The total water content and OSB absolute water content of Wall A were confirmed to be higher than those of Wall B, but the absolute water content did not exceed the reference value of 20%. The moisture content of the two walls was determined to be stable in the selected areas. However, mould growth risk analysis confirmed that both Wall A and Wall B were at risk of mould growth. It was confirmed that as the indoor setting temperature decreased, the mould index and growth rate in the same area increased. Therefore, the mould growth risk was affected more by indoor and outdoor climate conditions than by the position of the insulation. Consequently, the thermal performance of Wall B was superior to that of Wall A but the hygrothermal performances were confirmed to be similar.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.31-39
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to examine the exterior remodeling examples of urban houses which have been changed to be mixed-use buildings with commercial use, and to guide the future exterior remodeling. Some of the research results are as follows: 1) Exterior remodeling of commercialized urban detached houses is focused on two-dimensional changes of exterior surface, rather than on three-dimensional changes of mass or shape. 2) Unlike commercial buildings generally relying on signboards to express their commercial nature, the exterior-renovated houses with commercial uses mainly rely on the image of whole building shape based on exterior materials and colors. 3) Installations of free-standing walls and double skins are preferred as exterior remodeling techniques, due to the structural limitation of exterior walls.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.159-163
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• 2007

We studied the example of various side on effect the aging of exterior materials for concrete structure by analyzing the reason of water leakage in exist serviced skyscraper apartment. For this side, we would like to suggest the proper waterproofing materials and construction methods resulted in the mechanical performance test. So, it could be ensured the leakage safety for using residence facility and crowd utilization after repairing. It may maximize the durability for the concrete structure.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.2 s.49
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• pp.55-62
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• 2005

In modern days when architectural materials have grave impacts on overall design expression, materials for architecture, modern architecture into the service facility for business, education, religion, cultural assembly and residence, and evaluates each finishing material mainly used in exterior, lobbies and entrances of the building since the 1970's. When being applied social images into firstly selected materials, the scopes for material selection will be more narrowed down in more practical way. High tensity materials are suitable for public and active space and low tensity are for private and static area. This principle enables us to use architectural materials as one of the important elements which express the whole characteristics of the area.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.271-291
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• 2016

There is much architectural and engineering literature which discusses the virtues of exterior bracing and diagrid systems in regards to sustainability - two systems which generally reduce building materials, enhance structural performance, and decrease overall construction cost. By surveying past, present as well as possible future towers, this paper examines another attribute of these structural systems - the blend of structural functionality and aesthetics. Given the external nature of these structural systems, diagrids and exterior bracings can visually communicate the inherent structural logic of a building while also serving as a medium for artistic effect. Viewed in this light, the visual appeal of these systems can be enhanced to give a tower a more distinct urban identity. This entails the creation of structural elements that are aesthetically pleasing, geometrically coherent and that demonstrate dexterity of application in regards to a building's composition, while also respecting the laws of physics and mechanics. In this fashion, an artistic approach can exhibit structural systems as not just purely rational features that enable the construction of tall buildings, but as important visual components that afford opportunities for creative expression. This paper, therefore, synthesizes the concepts of structural performance and creative artistry to facilitate a better understanding of the aesthetic developments in skyscrapers worldwide.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.187-188
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• 2021

In the case of the Busan North Port, where the Busan Opera House is located, it is an environment exposed to various external deterioration factors such as frequent strong winds, seawater and salty winds, and an exterior material using UHPC (Ultra High Performance Concrete), a highly durable exterior material as a solution to this. Has been adopted. in this study, an economical production and construction direction was reviewed by applying UHPC to the exterior panels of atypical buildings that cannot cope with GFRC, metal, and glass, which are the main exterior finishing materials applied so far. When steel fibers are used, structural performance may be better than organic fibers, but due to environmental factors in Busan, corrosion due to exposure to steel fibers or problems with safety management after construction and completion may occur. Therefore, the site used the newly developed SACF fiber. Facade design of atypical buildings, which will increase in the future, is an important part, and the scope of use of UHPC panels is expected to increase in the future as design trends and demand for high durability increase.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.33-39
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• 2006

This study aims to investigate the method to reduce the surface temperature caused by insolation. To achieve this goal, surface temperature of building is measured and the effects of exterior material's color and brilliance were checked with infrared imaging. And also, exterior material's absorptances due to outdoor surface heat transfer coefficients were measured. After surface temperature measurement of 37 specimen of 5 categories, the temperature is the highest on wood($53.62^{\circ}C$) and panel($52.05^{\circ}C$). Dryvit, stone, brick is the rating of order. For exterior material's absorptances, panel(0.883) and wood(0.868) were high and Dryvit, stone, brick follows wood and panel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.149-150
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• 2018

Recently, a large fire has occurred through a dry bit, which is a flammable exterior material, in Daebong Green Apartment Fire in Uijeongbu in 2015 and Jecheon Sports Center Fire in 2017. In this study, KS F ISO 5660-1 Cone calorimeter experiment was used to examine the fire risk of dry bit. Also, the performance of the repair and reinforcement materials to prevent fire expansion was examined. As a result, the dry bit is likely to be ignited by internal and external flower gardens, and its combustion rate and calorific value are very high. In addition, the performance of heat resistance such as ALC panel and ceramic board as a repair and reinforcement material has been proved. However, the insulation is expected to require further consideration.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.90-96
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• 2012

Since vertical flame spread speed on exterior materials is much faster than horizontal fire, analysis of its fire characteristic is required. For the study of vertical fire pattern created by penetrating windows or openings from the exterior wall of buildings, the research is based on the fire simulation for an aluminum-complex-panel with which is commonly used as exterior materials and consists of polyethylene core material. As a result, the flame reaches the 2nd floor after 135 seconds in the early stage of fire, the 10the floor after 470 seconds and the 30th floor, the highest floor, after 711 seconds. The result shows that fire spread abruptly expands on upper floor due to stack effect of a turbulent flow or exterior materials. In consequence, we can confirm a serious problem that a conflagration of a building through an opening that is equipped with the exterior-materials spreads into interior of building at that same time.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.125-131
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• 2004

Nowadays, it seems we are in the high time of construction design because development of construction technology widen the option of construction exterior closing materials and deepen the high-tech construction method with all various materials. When we see the flow of construction market, the mainstream is the high-rise intelligent building, which makes the best use of the small midtown area efficently. Therefore, Alum curtain wall is becoming the main material of exterior construction, the concept of which is changing from just a simple window frame to an outer wall which has comprehensive function and capability. As we think of the importance of Curtain wall as a comprehensive outer wall, We should do thorough technical examination and verification at the stage of construction design and plan of carrying out construction.