• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.325-329
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• 2016

Extracting natural dyes have been widely studied since the needs of eco-friendly and non-toxic natural dyes increased. In this paper, the natural dyes were extracted from sappan wood, gardenia, and mugwort containing brazilein, crocin, and chlorophyll process. After the extraction with variables of pH of solvent and reaction time, the chromaticity of extracted natural dyes was analyzed using quantitative values from brightness and color coordinate (L, a, b) based on the target colors of red, yellow and green. For the case of brazilein and crocin, the cadmium red and cadmium yellow, respectively were extracted. In the case of sappan wood and gardenia, the red pigment under pH 12 (${\Delta}$ = 18.2) and the yellow pigment at pH 9 (${\Delta}$ = 18.4) were extracted respectively. However, the color of extracted chlorophyll from mugwort was different from the target chrome green.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.504-509
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• 2014

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a substantial contributor to morbidity and mortality. In search of a natural products capable of inhibiting this multidrug resistant bacteria, we have investigated the antimicrobial activity of brazilein (BRZ) isolated from Caesalpinia sappan L. (Leguminosae) against 8 different strains of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). New antimicrobial activity was found using the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), broth dilution as well as checkerboard method. Against the 8 strains, the minimum inhibitory concentrations of BRZ were in the range of $62.5-500{\mu}g/mL$. From those results we performed the checkerboard test to determine the synergism of BRZ in combination with Hygromycin-b (HgB) against 4 strains. The combined activity of BRZ and HgB against 4 strains resulted in a fractional inhibitory concentrations index (FICI) ranging from 0.18-0.5. The effect of BRZ with HgB was found to be synergistic. We found that BRZ reduced the MICs of HgB. BRZ and HgB could lead to the development of new combination antibiotics against MRSA infection.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.137-142
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• 2002

Caesalpinia sappan L. has long been commonly used as emmenagogue, analgesic, and a cure for contusion and sprain as well as a remedy for thrombosis in the Oriental medicine. The main constituent of C. sappan is brazilein, which is an antioxidative substance that has a flavonoid structure. In this study, we examined the effect of butanol extract of C. sappan on proliferation and melanogenesis in B16/F10 melanoma cells. After 48h treatment of cells with various concentrations of butanol extract, the cells exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition in their proliferation without apotosis. Therefore, the growth retardation by the extract may be due to the cell arrest, not due to the cell death induced by cytotoxicity. We also estimated total melanin contents as a final product and activity of tyrosinase, a key enzyme, in melanogenesis of B16/F10 melanoma cells. Our result showed that the melanin contents and tyrosinase activity were decreased in butanol extract-treated cells in a dose dependent manner compared to control group. In conclusion, it was observed that butanol extract of C. sappan inhibited melanization of these cells and therefore butanol extract could be developed as skin whitening components of cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.617-628
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• 2001

Cotton and silk fabrics dyed with brazilein(Caesalpinia Sappan), berberine (Phellodendron Amurense), and shikonin(Lithospermum Erythrorhizon) were stored in the air, in the water, and under the ground for about one year. The change of the color, the flexibility, and the breaking strength were measured at the intervals of few weeks. The results are as follows; 1. The color of the fabrics changed most extensively in the fabrics that were under the ground, then in the order of the ones that were in the water, and in the air. The color of the fabrics changed to the achromatic color over the time. 2. The flexibility change among the dyes was similar. All the fabrics became stiff under the ground and in the water over the storage time. 3. In general, cotton and silk fabrics dyed with berberine showed better strength retention than the fabrics dyed with other substances. 4. The strength retention of cotton fabrics was high in the order of the fabrics which were in the air, in the water, and under the ground. Only minuscule change occurred in the strength of the cotton fabrics. The strength of the fabrics that were in the water and under the ground decreased remarkably after 30 weeks and 20 weeks respectively. 5. The strength retention of silk fabrics was high in the order of the fabrics which were in the air, under the ground, and in the water. In the air, the strength on silk fabrics decreased rapidly after 30 weeks. In the water, the strength of silk fabrics decreased more rapidly than that of the cotton fabrics. Under the ground, the strength retention of silk was higher than that of cotton.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1055-1061
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• 2007

Caesalpinia sappan L. is an indeciduous tree distributed in China, India, Miyanmar and Vietnam. Its heartwood has long been used in oriental folk medicines to treat diseases. In this study, antioxidative activities of Caesalpinia sappan L. and the effect of gamma irradiation on its chemical and biological properties were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction (EtOAc fr.) of Caesalpinia sappan L. was irradiated with 100 kGy of gamma ray. The dark red color of EtOAc fr. was significantly (p<0.05) removed by irradiation (Hunter L and b values increased and a value decreased). The total phenolic content of EtOAc fr. was 865 mg/g and it was increased to 1195 mg/g by gamma irradiation. DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging activities and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity of EtOAc fr. were very high and its activities were also increased by gamma irradiation. EtOAc fr. also inhibited the irradiation-induced DNA damage of lymphocyte as determined by comet assay. In conclusion, EtOAc fr. of Caesalpinia sappan L. extract showed high antioxidative activities in vitro. Furthermore, gamma irradiation on EtOAc fr. ameliorated the color and antioxidative properties. Therefore, it can be suggested that Caesalpinia sappan L. may be a good material for antioxidant function and gamma irradiation may be applied for the improvement of chemical and biological properties of Caesalpinia sappan L.