• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.163-166
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• 2014

A 49-year-old man with drowsy mentality was diagnosed with acute type A aortic dissection; he underwent an emergency operation. When selective antegrade cerebral perfusion was initiated, the right regional cerebral oxygen saturation ($rSO_2$) decreased as compared to the left one. Adequate blood flow was perfused through the branch of the artificial graft, after distal anastomosis, but the right $rSO_2$ did not recover. Angiography revealed another intimal tear on the right common carotid artery. A stent was then inserted. The right $rSO_2$ promptly increased to the same level as that of the left one. The patient was discharged without any neurologic complications.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.215-227
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• 2017

A finite element model (FEM) for predicting early-age behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge deck slabs with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars is presented. In this model, the shrinkage profile of concrete accounted for the effect of surrounding conditions including air flow. The results of the model were verified against the experimental test results, published by the authors. The model was verified for cracking pattern, crack width and spacing, and reinforcement strains in the vicinity of the crack using different types and ratios of longitudinal reinforcement. The FEM was able to predict the experimental results within 6 to 10% error. The verified model was utilized to conduct a parametric study investigating the effect of four key parameters including reinforcement spacing, concrete cover, FRP bar type, and concrete compressive strength on the behavior of FRP-RC bridge deck slabs subjected to restrained shrinkage at early-age. It is concluded that a reinforcement ratio of 0.45% carbon FRP (CFRP) can control the early-age crack width and reinforcement strain in CFRP-RC members subjected to restrained shrinkage. Also, the results indicate that changing the bond-slippage characteristics (sand-coated and ribbed bars) or concrete cover had an insignificant effect on the early-age crack behavior of FRP-RC bridge deck slabs subjected to shrinkage. However, reducing bar spacing and concrete strength resulted in a decrease in crack width and reinforcement strain.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.2087-2092
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• 2015

Nowadays herbal-derived medicines are attracting attention as new sources of drugs with few side effects. Silibinin is a flavonoid compound with chemotheraputic effects on different cancers such as examples in the prostate, lung, colon and breast. In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of silibinin on MCF7 breast cancer cells were investigated. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry and the impact of silibinin on the expression of pivotal genes including Bak, P53, P21, BRCA1, BCL-X1 and ATM was analyzed. Treatment for 24h had a significant dose-dependent inhibitory effect on cell growth (p<0.05) with dose- and time- dependent induction of apoptosis (p<0.05). In addition, there were significant increases in BRCA1, ATM, Bak and Bcl-XL gene expression at the mRNA level with different concentrations of silibinin for 24 or 48 h (p<0.05). Taken together, the results suggest that silibinin inhibits the proliferation and induces apoptosis of MCF-7 cells by down-regulating Bak, P53, P21, BRCA1, BCL-Xl and thus may be considered as an effective adjuvant drug to produce a better chemopreventive response for the cancer therapy.

• Water for future
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.65-77
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to analyse existing hysteresis models and to propose a new type of model. The existing hysteresis models are classified by three types: interpolation model, scaling model and domain model, of which the domain model is based on the theoretical approach. Models which need one branch of hysteresis loop for calibration are developed based on the independent domain concept, however, they are not successful to accurately simulate the real data and Rubicon Sandy Loam and Dune Sand. There is a possibility that a new model is based on the dependent domain model considering the pore blockage effect against air entry for homogeneous porous media(modelIII-1, Mualem, 1984). Concludingly, a new type of hysteresis model is proposed by simplifying ModelIII-1 using a proper assumption.

• The KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery
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• v.5 no.3 s.16
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• pp.40-45
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• 2002

Since the previous cut-and-try design algorithm requires much cost and time, the automated design technique with the CFD and optimum design algorithm has recently been concerned. In this work, the Navier-Stokes equation was solved to gain more detailed viscous flow information of cascade with rotor-stator interactions. The H-grid embedded by O-grid was generated to obtain more accurate solution by eliminating the branch cut of H-grid near airfoil surface. To handle the relative motion of the rotor to the stationary stator, the sliding multiblock method was applied and the cubic-spline interpolation was used on the block interface boundary. To validate present procedure, the time-averaged aerodynamic loads were compared with experimeatal data. A good agreement was obtained. The Modified Method of Feasible Direction (MMFD) was used to carry out the sensitivity analysis of the change of aerodynamic performance by the changes of the cascade geometry. The present optimization of the cascade gave a dramatic reduction of the drag while the lift maintains at the value within the user-specified tolerance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.2088-2092
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• 2009

비점오염원은 면으로 분포하는 오염원으로 강우시 지표유출에 의해 유출되기 때문에 발생지점 및 발생량 추정이 어려우며, 이에 대한 처리가 어려운 실정이다. 현재 점오염원의 처리는 어는 정도 도달한 선진국에서는 비점오염원이 가장 중요한 오염원으로 대두되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 소양호 상류유역의 지류하천인 내린천, 인북천, 북천을 대상으로 부영영화를 일으키는 수질인자 BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P를 대상으로 강우량에 따른 수질농도가 변화하는 양상을 고찰하였다. 연구결과, 강우시 기간이 6월 ${\sim}$ 8월에 오염물질의 유출이 크게 발생하는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 연구지점 모두 비강우시에는 1급수의 수질상태를 보였으나, 강우시에는 3급수 이하의 수질로 악화되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 각 지류하천으로부터 유입되는 부하량을 추정하여 유역면적대비 유출량 - 오염부하량의 회귀식을 작성하였다. 끝으로, 유출량비를 이용하여 각 지류 하천의 유역면적대비 연간 총 오염유출량을 산정하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1991.07a
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• pp.432-436
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• 1991

This paper presents a new algorithm for the countermeasure to alleviate without shedding system loads the line overloads due to contingency in power system. This method for relieving by line switching is based on obtaining the line outage distribution factors - the linear sensitivity factors, which give the amount of change in the power flow of each line due to the removal of same other line in the power system. These factors are made up of the elements of Bus Reactance Matrix and branch reactances. In this paper a fast algorithm and program is presented for obtaining only the required Bus Reactance elements which corresponds to a non - zero elements of Bus Admittance Matrix and elements of columns which correspond to two terminal Buses of the overloaded(monitored) line. The proposed algorithm has been validated in tests on the 6 busbar test system

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.298-307
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• 2006

TEE Forming process for HDPE(High Density PolyEthylen) pipe has been analyzed by using rigid plastic finite element code, DEFORM-3D. TEE of HDPE pipes is necessary to connect main pipe with branch pipe and change the flow direction of hot water. A HDPE pipe is used as a insulator to maintain the temperature of hot water A butt welding process through TEE forming for a HDPE pipe is a updated process improving the strength of welding part compared to conventional extrusion welding process. The Experiment of Hot and Cold Forming have been performed. The design parameters such as a initial hole shape have been obtained through rigid-plastic finite element analysis, which is applied to the actual manufacturing process.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.104-108
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• 2003

We have measured the transport properties of $Bi_2$$Sr_2$$CaCu_2$$O_{8+d}$ (BSCCO) intrinsic Josephson junction mesa. Transport measurements with current flow along the c-axis, perpendicular to the layer of mesa showed multi-branch structures on the current-voltage characteristics. For single intrinsic junctions, the microwave radiation appears in the form of three different modes of oscillations, which include Josephson emission, nonequilibrium broad emission and sharp coherent microwave emission. Mutual phase interactions between two-mesas structures of BSCCO intrinsic Josephson junctions were studied. The results were explained within the framework of the Josephson plasma excitation model due to quasiparticle injection.n.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.323-359
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• 2015

This paper presents an elasto-plastic model for determination of the ground response curve of a circular underwater tunnel excavated in elastic-strain softening rock mass compatible with a nonlinear Hoek-Brown yield criterion. The finite difference method (FDM) was used to propose a new solution to calculate pore water pressure, stress, and strain distributions on periphery of circular tunnels in axisymmetric and plain strain conditions. In the proposed solution, a modified non-radial flow pattern, for the hydraulic analysis, is utilized. To evaluate the effect of gravitational loads and variations of pore water pressure, the equations concerning different directions around the tunnel (crown, wall, and floor) are derived. Regarding the strain-softening behavior of the rock mass, the stepwise method is executed for the plastic zone in which parameters of strength, dilatancy, stresses, strains, and deformation are different from their elasto-plastic boundary values as compared to the tunnel boundary values. Besides, the analytical equations are developed for the elastic zone. The accuracy and application of the proposed method is demonstrated by a number of examples. The results present the effects of seepage body forces, gravitational loads and dilatancy angle on ground response curve appropriately.