• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 2004

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor $\gamma$(PPAR$\gamma$), a member of the steroid/thyroid nuclear hormone receptor suferfamily of ligand-activated transcription factor, is an important regulator of adipocyte gene expression and differentiation. In this studies, we report the identification, characterization, and expression of a Hanwoo PPAR$\gamma$ gene. The PPAR$\gamma$ cDNA sequence of the Hanwoo show strong conservation with the corresponding sequences reported in other species except of three amino acid sequences. The distribution of PPAR$\gamma$ mRNA in various tissues of Korean cattle aged 12 months were investigated using Northern Blot analysis. The highest expression was detected in adipose tissue, more lower expression was detected in colon, small intestine, kidney, lung, while expression was not detected in brain, heart. PPAR$\gamma$ expression was higher in adipose tissue of Korean cattle when aged 30 months than aged 12 months. These results indicated PPAR$\gamma$, regulator adipocyte gene expression and differentiation, related on adipose differentiation in Korean native cattle(HANWOO).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.156-160
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• 1997

The monoamine oxidase (MAO, EC 1.4.3.4) plays a central role in the metabolism of many amines including the neurotransmitter monoamines. MAO is a flavoprotein found exclusively in the mitochondrial outer membrane, occuring in the MAO-A and MAO-B subtypes. MAO-A deaminates serotonin and noradrenaline much better than phenethylamine (PEA) or benzylamine (BA), and is preferentially inhibited by clorgyline, whereas MAO-B prefers PEA and BA as substrates and is preferentially inhibited by deprenyl. MAO inhibitors were among the first drugs used in the treatment of depression, and it is known to be the inhibition of MAO-A which is important for the antidepressant effect of MAO inhibitors. For the purpose of evaluating MAO inhibitory activities from natural resources, three kinds of edible mushrooms were screened by tracing the inhibitory activities against rat brain mitochondrial MAO-A, utilizing serotonin as a substrate and rat liver mitochondrial MAO-B utilizing benzylamine as a substrate. Among the tested mushrooms, Ganoderma lucidium and Lentinus edodes showed the weak inhibitory activities against MAO-B.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1997

The changes of electroencephalogram(EEG) in patients with dementia are most commonly studied by analyzing power or magnitude in certain traditionally defined frequency bands. However because of the absence of an identified metric which quantifies the complex amount of information, there are many limitations in using such a linear method. According to chaos theory, irregular signals of EEG can also result from low dimensional deterministic chaos. Chaotic nonlinear dynamics in the EEG can be studied by calculating the correlation dimension. The authors have analyzed EEG epochs from three patients with dementia of Alzheimer type and three matched control subjects. The multichannel correlation dimension is calculated from EEG epochs consisting of 15 channels with 16,384 data points per channel. The results showed that patients with dementia of Alzheimer type had significantly lower correlation dimension than non-demented controls on 12 channels. Topographic analysis showed that the correlation dimensions were significantly lower in patients with Alzheimer's disease on frontal, temporal, central, and occipital head regions. These results show that brains of patients with dementia of Alzheimer type have a decreased complexity of electrophysiological behavior. We conclude that the nonlinear analysis such as calculating correlation dimension can be a promising tool for detecting relative changes in the complexity of brain dynamics.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2003

We fabricated the 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU, carmustine)-loaded PLGA wafers containing poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) or tedium chloride (NaCl) in order to control the release profile of drug in special shape (3 in diameter, 1 mm in thickness) by direct compression method. In vitro release profiles of BCNU could be controlled by additives contained in the wafers. Initial release amount, release rate and duration of BCNU could be controlled with presence of PVP or NaCl. In vitro antitumor activity accessed using 9L gliosarcoma cell line has been evaluated by assaying the viability of cells treated with BCNU released from the wafers containing additives resulting in continuous growth inhibition of 9L gliosarcoma tumor cells. Specially, the continuous growth inhibition of BCNU-loaded PLGA wafers containing additives was more effective than that of non-additive BCNU-loaded PLGA wafers. The cytotoxic effect of the drug from the wafers containing NaCl as compared to wafers containing PVP was more enhanced.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.456-460
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• 2004

Effects of sigma factor (${\sigma}^{B}$) on biofilm formation in Listeria monocytogenes 10403S and ${\sigma}^{B}-deficient$ sigB null mutant were studied under high osmotic and low temperature conditions. In brain heart infusion (BHI) medium containing 6% NaCl, wild type 10403S and ${\sigma}^{B}-deficient$sigB null mutant formed biofilms of $6.83{\pm}0.38\;and\;5.33{\pm}0.45\;log\;cfu/cm^{2}$, respectively. L. monocytogenes 10403S in BHI medium containing 6% NaCl formed 4.7 times larger biofilm than without NaCl. Culture of L. monocytogenes 10403S and sigB null mutant at $4^{\circ}C$ did not show any significant differences in biofilm formation. The results suggest biofilm formation is activated by ${\sigma}^{B}$ and NaCl, whereas not affected by low temperature stress in L. monocytogenes 10403S. More studies are necessary to determine biofilm formation mechanism in osmotolerant L. monocytogenes.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.73-78
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• 2016

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is an extremely toxic gas frequently produced during the incineration of plastics, such as acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS). A victim of a fire who has inhaled smoke could have cyanide in the blood. Therefore, cyanide could be a good marker for a post-mortem examination of a fire as well as carboxyhemoglobine (COHb) test of blood samples. For a particular fire case, a burned body with a suicide note was found inside a burned vehicle. Even though the COHb value is conclusive evidence, measuring the COHb for denatured blood might be difficult due to severe thermal denaturation or the formation of methemoglobin (MetHb). To overcome this difficulty, cyanide could be used as an indicator when investigating the death of a fire victim. In this study, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was adopted to measure the levels of cyanide in the blood through derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide (PFBBr) under cation surfactant by scan and SIM mode. The concentration of cyanide in the blood of heart blood and brain of the victim was found to be 0.36 µg/mL and 1.20 µg/mL respectively, which was higher than the average value (0.041 µg/mL) found in the blood of 14 people who smoked.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2007

We examined the expression patterns of the chicken TCs(tentative consensus sequences) originated from GermOnline genes in various chicken tissues, applying information from GermOnline to chicken organisms. 42 TCs among 84 chicken homologous TCs from the pool of 84 genes related to germ cell lineage in mouse(10), rat(71) and human(3) had high homology based on a BLAST search. Of these, Hmgcs2 and Sycp3 was shown to be expressed in a testis- specific manner and a reproductive organ(testis and ovary)-specific manner, respectively, by RT- PCR analysis. Crmp4, Cyct, Ldhc, Epha7, Pcsk4 and Dnmt3a are expressed in brain, testis, and ovary. The characterization of chicken genes originated from GermOnline in this research may give an enormously useful source of information related to germ cell development.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.299-305
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• 2018

Perception refers to the process of acquiring all the information about the environment through various sensory organs such as the visual, auditory, tactile, and olfactory senses and integrating and interpreting the information transmitted to the brain. The ability to use these perceptions efficiently is called perceptual skill, and perceptual skill is an important factor for improving performance in the field of sports. As a result, many researchers have developed various perceptual training programs to maximize these perceptual skills while they have also progressed on attempting to verify their effects. The perceptual skill training introduced in this study is a training method that focuses on visual perception and is a training method that is applied in the United States and Europe. to improve sports performance. As a result of carrying out the perceptual skills training based on the kicker's important clue (the kicker's hip - the angle of the body and foot before kicking) to the goalkeeper in the situation of a soccer penalty kick improved the ability of predicting the direction of the ball while even in tennis, carrying out the perceptual skills training based on the server's important clue (position, ball, racket) improved the accuracy of the ability to predict in the direction of serve. Recently, there have been numerous research studies that were carried out on such perceptual skills training, but the number of studies conducted are insufficient, especially in Korea where research studies on perceptual training seem to be in a relatively neglected state. In addition, extensive studies need to be carried out to investigate whether the improvement of perceptual skills in the laboratory situation can be transitioned to an actual performance situation. Therefore, in order to elevate sports performance, researchers need to examine the perceptual training program's extent of necessity as well as the research direction regarding its effects.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-108
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• 2011

Purpose: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prevents tissue necrosis of the brain and cardiac muscle in the cardiac arrest patient and requires exact skills in order to increase survival rate. Through comparison of the training effects of feedback manikin and non-feedback manikin, this study present the effective CPR device to CPR instructors. Method: This CPR course for 80 students by using Resusci Anne $SkillReporter^{TM}$ (RASR; Laerdal Medical, Stavanger, Norway) and Actar 911 $Squadron^{TM}$ (A911; Vital Signs, New Jersey, USA) held on December 22, 2009. Thirty seven students and two assistants were placed in one laboratory, there were five RASR manikins which provide the LED performance indicator, not the metronome. Forty two students and two assistants were placed in the other laboratory, there were 20 A911 manikins which don't provide any feedback indicator. Chest compression scores and ventilation compression scores obtaining from two groups were analysed statistically by using independent t-test. Results: Chest compression scores, average depth (mm) was 37.5 in RASR and 41.80 A911 (p=.004), too depth (#) was 2.8 in RASR and 19.4 A911 (p=.005), average number per min (#/min) was 64.4 in RASR and 68.2 A911 (p=.038), wrong hand position (#/min) was 10.9 in RASR and 30.8 A911 (p=.040). Four items that showed better scores in group RASR had statistically significant difference. Ventilation compression scores, percent correct (%) was 40.6 in RASR and 20.6 A911 (p<.001), number correct (#) was 4.7 in RASR and 2.1 A911 (p=.002), too fast (#) was 0.9 in RASR and 2.9 A911 (p=.003), average volume (ml) was 536.5 in RASR and 707.1 A911 (p=.011). Also, three items that showed better scores in group RASR had statistically significant difference. Conclusions: Regarding the positive effect of CPR training feedback, comparison between the real-time visual feedback manikin (RASR) and the non-feedback manikin (A911) showed that RASR had better results than A911 in chest compression except average number per min (it means that we need harder chest manikin) and ventilation. Verification of the training effect in the real world such as CPR outcomes is also necessary. A proper application of manikin in training circumstances and research on retention of CPR skills will be needed.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.103-105
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• 2003

After fifteen years of development, Magnetic Resonance (MR) technology for human imaging and spectroscopy is reaching a refined state with FDA approved 3T clinical products from Siemens, GE, and Philips. Broker has cleared CE approval with a 4T system. Varian supports a 4T system platform as well. Shielded magnets are standard at 3T from GE, Oxford, Magnex, and IGC. A shielded 4T whole body magnet is available from Oxford. Stronger switched gradients and dynamic shim coils, desired at any field, areespecially useful at higher static magnetic fields B0. In addition to the higher currents required for higher resolution slice or volume selection afforded by higher SNR, whole body gradient coils will be driven at increasing slew rates to meet the needs of new cardiac applications and other requirements. For example 3T and 4T systems are now being equipped with 2kV, 500A gradient coils and amplifiers capable of generating 4G/cm in 200msec, over a 67+/-cm bore diameter. High field EPI applications require oscillation rates at 1 kHz and higher. To achieve a benchmark 0.2 ppm shim over a 30cm sphere in a high field magnet, at least four stages of shimming need to be considered. 1) A good high field magnet will be built to a homogeneity spec. falling in the range of 100 to 150 ppm over this 30cm spherical "sweet spot" 2) Most modern high field magnets will also have superconducting shim coils capable of finding 1.5 ppm by their adjustment during system installation. 3) Passive ferro-magnetic shimming combined with 4) active, high order room temperature shim coils (as many as five orders are now being recommended) will accomplish 0.2 ppm over the 30cm sphere, and 0.1 ppm over a human brain in even the highest field magnets for human studies. Safety concerns for strong, fast gradients at any B0 field include acoustic noise and peripheral nerve stimulation. One or more of the mechanical decoupling methods may lead to quieter gradients. Patient positioning relative to asymmetric or short gradient coils may limit peripheral nerve stimulation at higher slew rates. Gradient designs combining a short coil for local speed and strength with a longer coil for coverage are being developed for 3T systems. Local gradients give another approach to maximizing performance over a limited region while keeping within the physiologically imposed dB0/dt performance limits.