• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.133-140
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this review was to systematically analyze the available literature on the correlation between the gray values (GVs) of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the Hounsfield units (HUs) of computed tomography (CT) for assessing bone mineral density. Materials and Methods: A literature search was carried out in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, and LILACS for studies published through September 2021. In vitro, in vivo, and animal studies that analyzed the correlations GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT were included in this review. The review was prepared according to the PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews, and the risk of bias was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies tool. A quantitative analysis was performed using a fixed-effects model. Results: The literature search identified a total of 5,955 studies, of which 14 studies were included for the qualitative analysis and 2 studies for the quantitative analysis. A positive correlation was observed between the GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT. Out of the 14 studies, 100% had low risks of bias for the domains of patient selection, index test, and reference standards, while 95% of studies had a low risk of bias for the domain of flow and timing. The fixed-effects meta-analysis performed for Pearson correlation coefficients between CBCT and CT showed a moderate positive correlation (r=0.669; 95% CI, 0.388 to 0.836; P<0.05). Conclusion: The available evidence showed a positive correlation between the GVs of CBCT and HUs of CT.

• Clinical Nutrition Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.84-97
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• 2022

As the proportion of the elderly population increases rapidly, interest in musculoskeletal health is also emerging. Here, we investigated how antioxidant vitamin intake and musculoskeletal health are related. Adults aged 50 to 80 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5 to 27.0 kg/m² were included. Bone mineral density (BMD), lean mass (LM), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and the grip strength and knee extension using hand dynamometer. Nutrient intakes were measured using a 24-hour recall questionnaire. A total of 153 adults (44 men and 109 women) participated in this study. A partial correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship between vitamin E and BMD and between vitamin C and LM/Height. Participants were classified into three groups according to whether their vitamin E and C intake met the recommended intake for Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). The prevalence of having low T-score (< -1.0) and low ASMI (< 7.0 for men and < 5.4 for women) was 51.3% and 15.4% in the group with vitamins C and E intakes below KDRIs. After adjusting for sex, smoking status and energy, protein, vitamin D, and calcium intake, the group with vitamins C and E both below the KDRIs displayed a significantly lower BMD at all test sites and LM/Height compared with vitamin C and/or E intake above the KDRIs groups. We conclude that sufficient intake of vitamin E and C is important for maintaining BMD and lean mass in Korean adults over 50 years of age.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.148-155
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influencing factors on osteopenia and osteoporosis in Korean aged 50 years and above. Methods: Data from the Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1, 2010) were obtained and 2,773 subjects who got bone density test and were classified "normal, osteopenia or osteoporosis" were selected. Data were analyzed $x^2$ test, ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test and logistic regression using the SAS 9.4. Results: Gender, age, days of flexibility exercise, vitamin D in blood and weight were found to be influencing factors for osteoporosis in Korean aged 50 years and above. Gender. age and smoking were found to be influencing factors for osteopenia in Korean aged 50 years and above. Conclusion: This study suggested that nursing intervention should include exercise promotion, intake vitamin D, smoking cessation and weight control program in order to reduce the prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2023

Purpose: CT scan makes up for the weak point of the nuclear medicine image having a low resolution and also were used for attenuation correction on image reconstruction. Recently, many studies try to make use of CT images additionally, one of them is to measure the bone mineral density(BMD) using Quantitative CT(QCT) software. BMD exams are performed to scan lumbar and femur with DXA(Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry) in order to diagnose bone disease such as osteopenia, osteoporosis. The purpose of this study is to identify the usefulness of QCT_BMD analyzed with low dose CT images on L-spine Bone SPECT/CT comparing with DXA_BMD. Materials and Methods: Fifty five women over 50 years old (mean 66.4 ± 9.1) who took the both examinations(L-spine Bone SPECT/CT with SIEMENS Intevo 16 and DXA scan with GE Lunar prodigy advance) within 90 days from April 2017 to July 2022, BMD, T-score and disease classification were analyzed. Three-dimensional BMD was analyzed with low dose CT images acquired on L-spine Bone SPECT/CT scan on Mindways QCT PRO^TM software and two-dimensional BMD was analyzed on DXA scan. Basically, Lumbar 1-4 were analyzed and the patients who has lesion or spine implants on L-spine were excluded for this study. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed in BMD and T-score, chi-square test was performed in disease classification between QCT and DXA. Results: On 55 patients, the minimum of QCT_BMD was 18.10, maximum was 166.50, average was 82.71 ± 31.5 mg/cm³. And the minimum of DXA-BMD was 0.540, maximum was 1.302, average was 0.902 ± 0.201 g/cm², respectively. The result shows a strong statistical correlation between QCT_BMD and DXA_BMD(p<0.001, r=0.76). The minimum of QCT_T-score was -5.7, maximum was -0.1, average was -3.2 ± 1.3 and the minimum of DXA_T-score was -5.0, maximum was 1.7, average was -2.0 ± 1.3, respectively. The result shows a statistical correlation between QCT T-score and DXA T-score (p<0.001, r=0.66). On the disease classification, normal was 5, osteopenia was 25, osteoporosis was 25 in QCT and normal was 10, osteopenia was 25, osteoporosis was 20 in DXA. There was under-estimation of bone decrease relatively on DXA than QCT, but there was no significant differences statistically by chi-square test between QCT and DXA. Conclusion: Through this study, we could identify that the QCT measurement with low dose CT images QCT from L-Spine Bone SPECT/CT was reliable because of a strong statistical correlation between QCT_BMD and DXA_BMD. Bone SPECT/CT scan can provide three-dimensional information also BMD measurement with CT images. In the future, rather than various exams such as CT, BMD, Bone scan are performed, it will be possible to provide multipurpose information via only SPECT/CT scan. In addition, it will be very helpful clinically in the sense that we can provide a diagnosis of potential osteoporosis, especially in middle-aged patients.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.165-169
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• 2012

To analogize the result of the test through explaining the correlation of bone mineral density (BMD) test value between proximal femur and lumbar spine at age. It is based on 62 cases who visited the out-patient department. They were classified into three groups by age, group I (30~40 yr) and II (40~60 yr) and III (60~80 yr). Then we evaluated the average and the degree of correlation between the three groups and analyzed the correlation of the three sites according to the BMD result and T & Z-score through the t-test analysis. The results are listed below, first, if rise in age T-score is lower and over 60age occurred osteopenia, second, compared three groups, the correlation of BMD results was some of the highest between Lumbar spine and Proximal femur of T-score & Z-score. the correlation of BMD results is very high. It is regarded that there will be a clinical availability which can analogize the result of a part by using the result of the other part.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.884-890
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• 2008

This study classified 40 of 10 weeks-old male Sprague Dawley rats which have osteoporosis caused by glucocorticoid(GC) induction into four groups of 10 rats and made the subjects medicated them Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and participate in treadmill exercise. Group I was non-treatment after GC induction; Group II was treadmill exercise after GC induction; Group III was Eucommia ulmoides Oliver feeding after GC induction; Group IV was treadmill exercise and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver feeding after GC induction. In the bone mineral density and bone strength test, there was a statistically significant difference between the group I, II, III compared to group IV(p<0.05). In the osteocalcin level as one of bone formation indexes, there was a statistically significant difference between the group I, II, III compared to group IV(p<0.05). In respect to the calcium there was a statistically significant difference between group I, II, III compared to group IV(p<0.05). In respect to histological findings, the group IV showed mild femur disruption and lytic change on femur section. The above results suggests that Eucommia ulmoides Oliver medicated and treadmill exercise is effective to prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.115-121
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• 2015

PURPOSE. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of implant thread depth on primary stability in low density bone. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The insertion torque was measured by inserting Ti implants with different thread depths into solid rigid polyurethane blocks (Sawbones) with three different bone densities ($0.16g/cm^3$, $0.24g/cm^3$, and $0.32g/cm^3$). The insertion torque value was evaluated with a surgical engine. The static compressive strength was measured with a universal testing machine (UTM) and the Ti implants were aligned at $30^{\circ}$ against the loading direction of the UTM. After the static compressive strength test, the Ti implants were analyzed with a Measurescope. RESULTS. The Ti implants with deeper thread depth showed statistically higher mean insertion torque values (P<.001). Groups A and group B had similar maximum static compressive strengths, as did groups C and D (P>.05). After the static compressive strength, the thread shape of the Ti implants with deeper thread depth did not show any breakage but did show deformation of the implant body and abutment. CONCLUSION. The implants with deeper thread depth had higher mean insertion torque values but not lower compressive strength. The deep threads had a mechanical stability. Implants with deeper thread depth may increase the primary stability in areas of poor quality bone without decreasing mechanical strength.

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 1999

We report the case of a 30-year-old man who was presented with transient calcification on the graft shortly after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) reconstruction using a autogenous bone patellar tendon. The patient underwent ACL reconstruction with two incisional technique and six month later, calcific density was seen radiologically around the graft. On postoperative 13 months follow-up radiographic films, the calcific density disappeared. After two months of operation, Lachman and pivot shift test were negative and one millimeter side to side difference was detected in KT-1000 with 20 Ibs strength. But 6 months after the reconstruction, mild anterior instability was detected with the calcific density around the grafted tendon. However the anterior stability was recovered according to the disappearance of calcific density.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review clinical and radiologic changes after arthroscopic operation without bone graft for osteochondral lesion with subchondral cyst on the talus. And we compared the results with those without cyst. Radiologic changes were also observed. Materials and Methods: Arthroscopic microfrature or abrasion arthroplasty was performed on 10 caeses of osteochondral lesions with subchondral cyst and 20 cases without cysts. Preoperative and postoperative symptoms were evaluated by Ankle-Hind foot scale of AOFAS and the score of two groups were compared(t-Test : Paired Two Test for Means). Radiologic evaluation was performed after operation on patients with osteochondral lesion with cyst. Results: On patients of osteochondral lesion with subchondral cyst on talus, there was clinical improvement compared to the preoperative status and compared to patients without cysts(P=0.01) after arthroscopic operation. We could get increase of density and decrease of size of cystic lesion on plain film with time passage. Conclusion: We report 10 cases with osteochondral lesion with subchondral cyst on talus which resulted in clinical and radiological improvement after arthroscopic microfracture or abrasion arthroplasty without bone graft.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.173-181
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• 2021

Purpose To evaluate the ability of the Hounsfield unit (HU) measurement of the femoral neck during multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) for assessing osteoporosis compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Materials and Methods Forty-two patients with femoral neck fractures who underwent MDCT and DXA from July to December 2016 were included in this study. HU measurements were made of the cancellous portions of the normal contralateral femoral neck on MDCT. Bone mineral density (BMD) and T-scores were obtained at the femur DXA. Correlations of HU values with BMD and T-scores were analyzed using Spearman's correlation test. Results The mean BMD and T-score of the femoral neck were 0.650 g/cm² and -2.4, respectively. The mean HU values for the normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis groups were 131.9, 98.9, and 41.3, respectively. HU values at the femoral neck were positively correlated with BMD (r² = 0.670; p < 0.001) and T-scores (r² = 0.676; p < 0.001). Conclusion The HU values of the femoral neck on MDCT are significantly correlated with BMD and T-scores of femur DXA. The HU values may serve as a diagnostic tool for the screening of regional bone quality when MDCT is performed for other reasons.