• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.458-467
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to identify factors related to the health behavior in elementary school children at a late school age and to provide basic data to develop more concrete and practical applications for health promotion and disease prevention. Methods: The participants were 2,775 4th, 5th and 6th graders sampled from 10 elementary schools in Busan Metropolitan City and data were collected from 15th May to 30th June, 2010. The collected data were analyzed by mean, percentile, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson s correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program. Results: The average percentiles for self-rated health, body satisfaction, stress, parent attachment, self-esteem, and health behavior were 82.8, 69.5, 40.9 79.3, 75.9 and 75.9, respectively. There was significant relationship among the levels of self-rated health, body satisfaction, stress, parent attachment, self-esteem, and health behavior. Body satisfaction was the most powerful factor to the health behavior of elementary school children at a late school age, and was followed by parent attachment, self-rated health, self-esteem, and grade in order. These variables explained 26.6% of the total variance in health behavior. Conclusion: Health promotion behavior programs including body satisfaction and self-esteem elevation programs should be applied to children at home and in school and community. To achieve this, institutional and economic support should be continued.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.66-79
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• 2014

The study analyzed differences in lifestyle, self-esteem, body satisfaction, physical self efficacy, self-confidence in fashion coordination between participants and non-participants of a senior model education program. Another purpose of the study was to examine differences between the participants with less and longer than 6 months of the education. The questionnaire developed by the researchers was collected from 200 participants aged between 50s and 70s. Two hundred questionnaires were used in the final analysis. The data were analyzed by common factor analysis, and independent sample t-test using SPSS 180.0/Windows. The results demonstrated significant differences in lifestyle, self-esteem, body satisfaction, physical self efficacy, self-confidence in fashion coordination between the participants and non-participants. The participants showed significant higher scores in lifestyle, self esteem, body satisfaction, physical self efficacy, self-confidence in fashion coordination. Also, there were significant differences in personal satisfaction in lifestyle, body satisfaction, and learning efficacy between the participants depending on the period of the education; the participants with longer than 6 months of education showed significantly higher scores in the factors than the participants who took less than 6 months of education.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.317-324
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors affecting body image in adolescents. The subject of study is 140 adolescents in the three middle schools from the J city. The data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from March 15 to March 29, 2017. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression with SPSS 20.0 program. Body image was found to be in a significant positive correlation with family strength and self-esteem. The result of the multiple regression indicates the self-esteem(${\beta}=.24$, p<.05), family strength(${\beta}=.19$, p<.05) and gender(${\beta}=.16$, p<.05) predict 17.9% (F=11.10, p<.001) of body image. Therefore, it is necessary to develop self-esteem and family strength strategy intervention program for establishing a right body image of adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.390-399
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of smartphone apps applying BodyThink program on BMI, percentage of body fat, skeletal muscle rate, body image, and self-esteem of adolescent girls. Methods: Sixty-eight high school girls with a BMI of over $25kg/m^2$ were recruited to participate in this study. Girls from four schools were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which used the smartphone apps applying BodyThink program, and the control group, which used smartphone apps and small group counseling. The experimental group received the BodyThink program 6 times, scheduled once a week, with each session lasting 40~50 minutes. Test measures were completed before and after the 6 week intervention period for all participants. Collected data was analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk test, descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$ test, independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: The girls in the experimental group significantly improved their results in BMI(Z=-1.67, p=.042), percentage of body fat (Z=-3.01, p=.001), skeletal muscle rate (t=-3.50, p<.001), and self-esteem (t=2.66, p=.005) after the program, compared to the girls in the control group. Conclusion: Mobile applications applying psychological and emotional intervention programs have the potential to be effective alternative methods to improve the body composition and self-esteem of obese adolescent girls.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.362-369
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate factors that influence university women with eating problems. Methods: Study participants were 307 women from two universities. Self-report questionnaires which included items on eating problems, satisfaction with body shape, self-esteem, body mass index, and weight control methods were used. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, ${\chi}^2$ tests, and a multiple binary logistic regression. Results: About 20% of the undergraduate women were experiencing eating problems. The problematic eating group showed more dissatisfaction with body shape than the normal eating group, and used more diets, fasting, diet-products, and uretics/laxatives to control body weight. Significant predictors for the problematic eating group were diets, diet-products, BMI, self-esteem and dissatisfaction with body shape. The strongest predictors were diets; risk for women university students who had been on a diet was 15 times higher than their counterparts. Conclusion: It is pertinent for health professionals to start intervention programs to educate university women with eating problems. The contents should include information on healthy weight control methods, improving satisfaction with body shape and self esteem, as well as creating social atmosphere about healthy body shape for women.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.985-994
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to investigate differences in clothing behavior and individual characteristics of female college students by their body cathexis and clothing attitude. The college students selected by random sampling were classified into four groups by their body cathexis and clothing attitude: positive congruity(positive body cathexis and clothing attitude, G1), positive incongruity(negative body cathexis and positive clothing attitude, G2), negative congruity(negative body cathexis and clothing attitude, G3), negative incongruity(positive body cathexis and negative clothing attitude, G4). The results were as follows: G1 was high in both public and personal self-esteem and self-image, extroverted, refined and impulsive. G2 were fashion opinion leaders, highly uneasy about society, highly impulsive, modem, peculiar, creative and introspective. G3 was highly uneasy about society, low in self-esteem, and less impulsive. G4 was low in both public self-esteem and fashion innovation, and avoided impulsive buying.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.3 s.62
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• pp.514-527
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• 2006

It can be said that the ultimate goal of advertising is creating consumers' buying intention and buying behavior toward advertised goods. But literature suggests that ads have both intended and unintended consequences, and one of the unintended consequences is that the idealized images of physical attractiveness found in advertising have negative impact on girls' and womens' self-perceptions. Thus, this study, using social comparison theory as a framework, was designed to investigate the influences of the images of models in ads portrayed in TV and fashion magazines on the purchasing intention, self-esteem and body satisfaction of college women. Using an experimental stimulus, a moving picture representing thin and attractive models in the context of advertising fashion goods, two conditions were manipulated and the subjects were placed into one of two groups randomly, the experiment group and the control group. The experiment group only was exposed to the ads portraying highly attractive models. Data were collected from two groups using same questionnaire. The data were analyzed using t-test, two-way ANOVA, and descriptive statistics. The findings were as follows: 1. The thin and attractive image of models in ads on buying intention had significant positive influence on buying intention(p<.05). 2. The thin and attractive image of models in ads had significant negative influences on self-esteem(p<.05). 3. The thin and attractive image of models in ads had significant negative influence on body satisfaction(p<.05). 4. The ideal body internalization had significant negative influences on body satisfaction(p<.05), but interaction effect of model's image and ideal body internalization on body satisfaction was not significant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.66 no.8
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• pp.33-45
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• 2016

This study classified respondents by degree of obesity using Body Mass Index(BMI) and investigated the differences in self-esteem, food lifestyle, social-cultural attitudes towards appearance, and diet-related attitude and behavior such as trial number of diet, exercise time and period, use of diet information, interest in weight control, diet motivation, and dietetic therapy. A survey was conducted with 258 adults between the ages of 20 and 29 who lived in Daegu and Uijeongbu from November $17^{th}$ to December $14^{th}$ 2014. Data collected from the respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analyses, analyses of variance and chi-square tests. This study divided the respondents into three groups (the underweight, the normal weight, the overweight) according to Body Mass Index. The results showed that there were significant differences in food lifestyle (health-conscious, popularity-seeking, taste-seeking), social-cultural attitudes towards appearance, exercise time and period, use of diet information, interest in weight control, diet motivation, and dietetic therapy among groups classified by degree of obesity. However, there were no differences in self-esteem, convenience-seeking, and trial number of diet among them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.128-138
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• 2008

The purposes of this study were to identify the effects of body satisfaction and self-esteem on the make-up degree of middle and high school girls. Self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection from 432 students. The results were as follows: 1) Most of middle and high school girls were in height of 161-165cm and weight of 56-60kg. Satisfaction level of middle and high school girls with their eyes was the highest and that of weight was the lowest. They showed strong intention to modify their appearances and were dissatisfied with their body. 2) Middle and high school girls' satisfaction level of home life self-esteem was the highest, but that of school life was the lowest. 3) Middle and high school girls used cosmetics to protect their skins and paid much attention to their skins. They collected cosmetics informations from their friends or family members, and began to use point make-ups from their middle school years. They purchased cosmetics at cosmetic specialty store or internet shopping mall frequently. Most of them spent less than 10,000 won monthly for cosmetics, and used lip gloss and ultraviolet rays interceptors over their face with basic cosmetics. 4) Expenditures for cosmetics, self-esteem on their appearances, and pocket money affected on make-up degree. Middle and high school girls who spent more money for cosmetics and more pocket money with higher self~esteem on their appearances showed higher degree of make-ups.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the obesity index, body shape satisfaction and body shape esteem according to weight perception in elementary school students. Method: The data were collected by using a questionnaire and physical examination records. The subjects were comprised of 669 children, all 12-years old, obtained from five (5) different elementary schools located in Jechoen. Data were analyzed with frequency, percentages, Chi-square test, ANOVA using the SPSS program. Results: 12.5% of male students, 11.1% of female students perceived themselves obese. There were significant differences in obesity index according to weight perception in male students ($x^2$=140.47, p= .000), in female students ($x^2$=130.99, p= .000). The percentages corresponding to normal body weight were highest with students who thought themselves thin in male students and self-perceived normal in female students. But in female students, 23.3% of self-perceived thin students, 37.8% of students who thought themselves obese corresponded to normal body weight actually. There were significant differences in body shape satisfaction according to weight perception in male students($x^2$=140.47, p= .000), and in female students($x^2$=130.99, p= .000). The percentages of body shape satisfaction were highest with students who thought themselves normal in male students while and in female students, the students who thought themselves thin were highest. There were significant differences in body shape esteem according to weight perception for male students (F=17.67, p= .000), and in female students (F=13.95, p= .000). The mean scores of body shape esteem were highest with students who thought themselves normal in male students and thin in female students. The students who thought themselves obese were lowest. There were significant differences in weight perception according to father's body shape ($x^2$=13.72, p= .008) in male students and father's educational level ($x^2$=14.90, p= .021), mother's educational level ($x^2$=17.73, p= .007), mother's body shape ($x^2$=13.07, p= .011) in female students.