• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.282-288
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• 2017

In this paper, GaAs/AlGaAs multi-layer structure was grown by liquid phase epitaxy with graphite sliding boat, which can be used as a device structure of a photocathode image sensor. The multi-layer structure was grown on an n-type GaAs substrate in the sequence as follows: GaAs buffer layer, Zn-doped p-type AlGaAs layer as etching stop layer, Zn-doped p-type GaAs layer, and Zn-doped p-type AlGaAs layer. The Characteristics of GaAs/AlGaAs structures were analyzed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), secondary ion mass spectrometer (SIMS) and hall measurement. The SEM images shows that the p-AlGaAs/p-GaAs/p-AlGaAs multi-layer structure was grown with a mirror-like surface on a whole ($1.25mm{\times}25mm$) substrate. The Al composition in the AlGaAs layer was approximately 80 %. Also, it was confirmed that the free carrier concentration in the p-GaAs layer can be adjusted to the range of $8{\times}10^{18}/cm^2$ by hall measurement. In the result, it is expected that the p-AlGaAs/p-GaAs/p-AlGaAs multi-layer structure grown by the LPE can be used as a device structure of a photoelectric cathode image sensor.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.86-92
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• 2002

The feasibility of counting number of small vessels and position in Korean waters using the panchromatic imageries derived from the IRS-1C was tested. The parameters for interpretation of satellite's imageries of small vessels were location(position), size, shape, shadow, tone, texture and pattern, height and depth, situation and association with other vessels. The position of small vessels in the sea without GCP(ground control point) was considered to be inclusive in the satellite imagery with 35 km semi-diameter, denoting rough geographical position of the vessel. The size of vessel was measured by length from stem to stern of the vessel, distinguished by following wave on the surface water. Offshore fishing vessels were separated from merchant ships by their length smaller than 100 m. The shape of vessels on panchromatic imagery of IRS-1C appeared just streamline. In case of clouds which were similar to the shape of small vessels, we were able to distinguish between vessel and cloud by shadow of cloud in the water surface. The tone of sea surface was dark black while small vessel appeared bright white. Small vessel was distinguished from the rough texture of the sea surface and the regular pattern of the waves with white capes when weather was not so good. The situation of the fishing activity was estimated by information of fishing method related to the fishing boat such as the pair trawl in the Yellow Sea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.261-266
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• 2000

글을 이해하기 위해서는 어휘와 어휘간의 연결 및 전체 구조를 아는 것이 필요하다. 이는 비단 한국어뿐만 아니라 영어나 기타 다른 외국어에서도 마찬가지일 것이다. 본고는 두 가지를 고찰하기 위해 진행되었는데 우선 외국어로서 영어를 처리하는데 발생하는 구문적 중의성을 해결하는데 Garden Path Sentence(GPS), Late Closure(LC), PP의 세 문형에 따라 어떻게 해결하는지 알아보기 위한 것이다. 그리고 각 문형의 중의적 어절에서의 반응과 애매성 해소 어절에서의 반응에 따라 sysntactic module이 작용하는 것인지 알아보고자 한다. 예를 들어 "The boat floated down the streams sank"란 Garden Path 문장이 제시된 경우에 독자는 "sank"란 어휘가 제시되기 전까지 "floated"를 동사로 생각하게 되나 다음에 본동사인 "sank"가 제시될 경우 문장의 해석에 혼란을 갖게 될 것이다. 예문에서 "floated"가 문장에서 어떤 역할을 하는지 결정하는 것은 "sank"를 보고서야 가능하다. 이런 구문적 중의성을 해결하는 방식을 알아보기 위해 어절 단위로 제시된 자극을 읽는 자기 조절 읽기 과제(self-paced reading task)를 사용하였다. 각 어절을 읽는데 걸리는 시간을 측정한 실험 결과 GPS, PP, LC 모두 중의성을 지닌 영역이 중의성을 해소한 후와 각각 유형적으로 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 GPS, CGPS, PP와 CPP는 어절 후반으로 갈수록 반응시간이 짧아졌다. 이는 우리나라 사람의 경우 외국어인 영어의 구문 중의성 해소는 구문 분석 단원(syntactic module)에 의한 자동적 처리라기보다 의미를 고려해 가면서 문법지식을 이용해 추론을 통한 구문 분석이라 할 수 있다.에 의한 자동적 처리라기보다 의미를 고려해 가면서 문법지식을 이용해 추론을 통한 구문 분석이라 할 수 있다.많았다(P<0.05).조군인 Group 1에서보다 높은 수준으로 발현되었다. 하지만 $12.5{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$의 T. denticola sonicated 추출물로 전처리한 Group 3에서는 IL-2와 IL-4의 수준이 유의성있게 억제되어 발현되었다 (p < 0.05). 이러한 결과를 통하여 T. denticola에서 추출된 면역억제 단백질이 Th1과 Th2의 cytokine 분비 기능을 억제하는 것으로 확인 되었으며 이 기전이 감염 근관에서 발견되는 T. denticola의 치수 및 치근단 질환에 대한 병인기전과 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다.을 보였다. 본 실험 결과, $Depulpin^{\circledR}은{\;}Tempcanal^{\circledR}와{\;}Vitapex^{\circledR}$에 비해 높은 세포 독성을 보여주공 있으나, 좀 더 많은 임상적 검증이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 추론할 수 있다.근관벽을 처리하는 것이 필요하다고 사료된다.크기에 의존하며, 또한 이러한 영향은 $(Ti_{1-x}AI_{x})N$ 피막에 존재하는 AI의 함량이 높고, 초기에 증착된 막의 업자 크기가 작을 수록 클 것으로 여겨진다. 그리고 환경의 의미의 차이에 따라 경관의 미학적 평가가 달라진 것으로 나타났다.corner$적 의도에 의한 경관구성의 일면을 확인할수 있지만 엄밀히 생각하여 보면 이러한 예의 경우도 최락의 총체적인 외형은 마찬가지로 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 범위를 벗어나지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에도 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$과 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$의 성격과 형태를 외형상으로 더욱이 공간상에서는 뚜렷하게 경계

• The Journal of Art Theory & Practice
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• no.13
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• pp.35-71
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• 2012

The purpose of this essay is to examine the responses of artists on nuclear experiences through an analysis of the nuclear images represented in contemporary Japanese art. Japan has previously as twice experienced nuclear disaster in 20th century. The first atomic bombs were dropped in 1945 as well as the 5th Fukuryumaru, Japanese pelagic fishing boat, exposed by hydrogen bomb test operated by the US in 1954 nearby Bikini atoll. Due to Tsunami taken place by the great earthquake that caused the meltdown of Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant in March 2010, Japan is being experienced a nuclear disaster again. Despite practical experiences, comtemporary Japanese art has avoided the subject of nuclear disasters since the end of the Asia-Pacific War for a variety of reasons. Firstly, GHQ prohibited to record or depict the terrible effect of atomic bomb until 1946. Secondly, Japanese government has tried to sweep the affair under the carpet quite a while a fact of nuclear damage to their people. Because Japan has produced numerous war record paintings during the Second World War, in the aftermath of the defeated war, most of Japanese artists thought that dealing with politics, economics, and social subject was irrelevant to art as well as style of amateur in order to erase their melancholic memory on it. In addition, silence that was intended to inhibit victims of nuclear disasters from being provoked psychologically has continued the oblivion on nuclear disasters. For these reasons, to speak on nuclear bombs has been a kind of taboo in Japan. However, shortly after the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima, the artist couple Iri and Toshi Maruki visited to ruin site as a volunteer for Victim Relief. They portrayed the horrible scenes of the legacy of nuclear bomb since 1950 based on their observation. Under the condition of rapid economical growth in 1960s and 1970s, Japanese subculture such as comics, TV animations, plastic model, and games produced a variety of post apocalyptic images recalling the war between the USA and Japanese militarism, and battle simulation based on nuclear energy. While having grown up watching subculture emerged as Japan Neo-Pop in 1990s, New generation appreciate atomic images such as mushroom cloud which symbolizes atomic bomb of Hiroshima. Takashi Murakami and other Neo-Pop artists appropriate mushroom cloud image in their work. Murakami curated three exhibitions including and persists in superflat and infantilism as an evidence in order to analyze contemporary Japanese society. However, his concept, which is based on atomic bomb radiation exposure experience only claimed on damage and sacrifice, does not reflect Japan as the harmer. Japan has been constructing nuclear power plants since 1954 in the same year when the 5th Fukuryumaru has exposed until the meltdown of Fukushima Nuclear Plant although took place of nuclear radiation exposures of Three Mile and Chernobyl. Due to the exploding of Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, Japan reconsiders the danger of nuclear disaster. In conclusion, the purpose of this paper may be found that the sense of victim which flowed in contemporary art is able to inquire into the response of artist on the subject of nuclear as well as the relationship between society, politics, culture, and modern history of Japan and international political situation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.147-153
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• 2002

Due to the growth of population and industrial development at the coastal cities, there has been much increase in necessity to effective control of the wastes into the coastal water and river. The amount of disposal at those waters has been increased rapidly and it is necessary for us to track of it in order to keep the water clean. The investigation and research related to the water quality in this region have been conducted continuously but the systematic survey of the disposed wastes at the bottom was neglected and/or minor. In this study we surveyed the status of disposed waste distribution at the bottom coastal water and river from the scanned images. The intensity of sound received by the side scan sonar tow vehicle from the sea floor provides information as to the general distribution and characteristics of the superficial wastes. The port and starboard side scanned images produced from a transducer borne on a tow fish connected by tow cable to a tug boat have the area with width of 22m∼112m, and band of 44m∼224m. All data are displayed in real-time on a high-resolution color display (1280 ${\times}$ 1024 pixels) together with position information by DGPS. From the field measurement and analysis of the recorded images, we could draw the location and distribution of bottom disposals. Furthermore, we made a database system which might be fundamental for planning the waste reception and process control system.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.671-678
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• 2009

Recently, there have been some researches in the equipment fault detection based on shock and vibration information. Most research of them is based on shock and vibration monitoring to determine the equipment fault or not. Different with engine fault detection based on shock and vibration information we focus on detection of engine for boat and system control. First, it use the duplicated-checking method for shock and vibration information to determine the engine fault or not. If there is a fault happened, we use the integral to determine the error engine shock wave width and detect the fault area. On the other hand, we use the engine trend analysis and standard of safety engine to implement the shock and vibration information database. Our simulation results show that the probability of engine fault determination is 98% and the probability of engine fault detection is 72%

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 1997

This study is a basic research in purse seine fishery : on the behaviour of fish schools of tilapia Tilapia mossambica in the process of catch of the purse seine fishing method. The experiment was carried out for the mackerel purse seine which using of power block by fishing fleet system in the near sea of Cheju Island and as a forecast in the near future on the purse seine fishing, using of triplex net winch by one boat system in the near sea of Norway. These model purse seines were made of the scale of 1/180 of its full scale. The model purse seine test on the escaping behaviour of fish school by gap, area reducing of gap and tension of purse line was carried out in the stagnant water of experimental water tank. Designing and testing for the model purse seines were based on the Tauti's law. The results obtained were as follows : 1. When the time for the completing of pursing was 20 minutes, average swimming speed of fish school through a gap was 9.71cm/sec for powerblock seine and 9.97cm/sec for triplex seine. 2. In the case of pursing time in actual value was 20minutes, at 50 percent of the pursing, swimming behaviour of fish school in purse seine was 10% to I section, 80% to II section, 10% to III sectional direction for powerblock seine and a similar tendency for triplex seine. 3. In the case of pursing time in actual value was 20 minutes, at the time of 10 minutes have proceeded since then, area reducing rate of gap of the seine in projected front view was 63.5% for powerblock seine and 67.5% for triplex seine. 4. In the case of pursing time in actual value was 20 minutes, escaping rate of fish school by gap in projected front view was 70% for powerblock seine and 30% for triplex seine. Maximum tension of purse line was about 8.1 tons for powerblock seine and about 8.3 tons for triplex seine.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.133-138
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• 2003

The data on outbreaks of puffer fish poisoning during 1991 to 2002 in Korea were gathered from press reports, and characterized information collected. During the period, a total of 32 outbreaks of puffer fish poisoning was reported. These outbreaks caused 111 persons to become poisoning, among the cases 30 persons were fatal. The mean case fatality rate was 27.0%, and most of deaths (93.3%) were the male of above 29 years old. Patient number of below 4 persons per a poisoning accident occupied 75.0% of total outbreaks; 65.8% of total cases; and 66.7% of total deaths) was occurred in the months, November through January. Most of puffer fish poisoning (75.0% of total outbreaks; 68.5% of total cases; and 73.3% of total deaths) were found along the south coastal area of Korea, including Busan, Gyeongsangnam-do, Jeollanam-do and Jeju-do. Over than 80% of puffer fish poisoning outbreaks occurred at fishing boat and home where privately made food was cause, and outbreaks in restaurants accounted for 15.6%. Most commonly implicated foods were Guk, boiled soup with puffer fish meat and spices.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.197-201
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• 2014

As the importance of rare metal is increasing globally, Japan introduced the concept of Strategic Elements in 2004, and started Strategic Elements Project in 2007. The Goal of this project run by MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) is to develop high-function materials and components that do not use rare or harmful elements by studying the role and characteristics of the elements that compose materials and components and decide their functions and characteristics. In September 2010, Japanese coast guard arrested a Chinese fishing boat near Senkaku Islands (Diaoyudao Islands by China), which escalated to the territory issue and eventually a big diplomatic and economic conflict. In order to put pressure on Japanese Government, China used an economic option, which is the ban of rare earth export to Japan. This incident doubled Japan's motivation to develop Strategic Elements and put more efforts into this Project. MEXT set the following three research areas in February 2012: Study of alternative materials using sufficient and harmless elements, Study of applications for the high-functions of Strategic Elements, Study of practical design for components using Strategic Elements. Through a course of gathering the opinion of professionals, MEXT settled down with the following 4 research and study areas for the Strategic Elements Project in June 2012. 1. Magnetic materials to replace Dy, Nd. 2. Catalyst/Battery materials to replace Pt, Rh/Li, Co. 3. Electronic materials to replace In, Ta. 4. Structural materials to replace Nb, Mo. This paper deals with the first area and reviews the results of the research and study as of now.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.13 no.2 s.29
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• pp.147-153
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• 2007

In this paper, the authors calculated maneuvering motions of a large container vessel approaching to the newly built container piers to get alongside to her berth in Busan harbour. The motion calculations were done by using fixed coordinate system and the object of the calculations is to check the maneuvering motions are safe or not for berthing the large vessel to her berth. The result of calculations manifested that a large container vessel can get alongside to the piers without any difficulty under normal weather conditions by using 2 Z. Peller tug boats of 4500 H.P. each and also these demonstrated it is difficult to conduct and get her alongside to the piers under rough weather conditions of wind force 16.9m/sec or more. Under rough weather conditions of 6 by Beaufort scale the average wind velocity is about 13.5m and if we add 25% increase of the normal velocity to it, the wind will becomes a gust of 16.9m/sec. So it is advisable to avoid conducting a large container vessel to the pier under the rough weather conditions of 6 or more by Beaufort scale. Also, it is better to use 3 Z. peller tug boats of 4500 H.P. each under the above mentioned rough weather in a case of unavoidable circumstances.