• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2002

Recently, recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO) has been used to treat various types of anemia. YHB216 is a new rHu-EPO developed by Yuhan Research Institute. In this study, we investigated the single dose and 4-week repeated dose toxicity of YHB216 in Beagle dogs. In the single dose toxicity study, YHB216 was administered intravenously at single dose levels of 0 and 25,000 IU/kg to dogs (2 dogs/sex/group). There were no treament-related changes in survivals, clinical signs, body weight gain, hematological values, blood chemical values, and necropsy finding during experimental period. In the repeated dose toxicity study, YHB216 was administered intravenously to dogs for 4 weeks at the dose levels of 0, 100, 500, and 2,500IU／kg (3 dogs/sex／group). There were no toxicologically significant changes in clinical signs, body weights, food and water consumptions, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis and blood chemistry. There were increased values of red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit at all treated groups. Spleen revealed increased weight and extramedullary hematopoiesis at 500 IU/kg or more. These changes are all considered to be Pharmacology-related effects and were recovered after 4-week recovery period. From these results, it is concluded that LD50 value was above 25,000 IU/kg in the single dose toxicity study of YHB216 in dogs and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was 100 IU/kg day in the repeated dose toxicity study of YHB216 in dogs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.459-463
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• 2000

A 3 year-old male American Pit Bull Terrier in Kwang-Ju, Chonnam was admitted to the Teaching Animal Hospital, Chonbuk National University. He showed convulsive spasms of skeletal muscles, raised tail-head, and rigidity of rigidity. Based on these clinical sign\ulcorner tetanus was suspected Hematological test results showed and WBC value (21 ,800/$\mu$l/) with neutrophils (17.877/$\mu$l) and monocytes (1.744/$\mu$l). The blood chemical values ALT (86 IU/L) and AST (119 IU/L) were elevated. Fecal sample from the dog was cultured in anaerobic chamber. A Gram positive, drumstick shaped bacteria was isolated. The bacteria was identified as Clostridium tetani by biological and biochemical tests. The dog was hospitalized in a quiet place where the light was cut off and treated with penicillin G procaine and phenobarbital sodium. The dog made a complete recovery 25 days after treatment. This Is the first report on C. tetani infection of domestic dog in Korea.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.407-417
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• 1994

Present experiments were undertaken for the purpose of clarifying the effect of repeated halothane anesthesia on the liver and kidney function. Nine mongrel dogs were divided into three groups. The group one dogs were anesthesized once(control group) and the other two groups twice and trice respectively on 10th day of previous anesthesia experimental groups. Hematological examinations and blood chemical assays were undertaken during the period from one hour to 10 days after the anesthesia. From these experiments fellowing results were obtained; 1. No significant changes of erythrocyte count were recognized in both the control and experimental groups after the halothane anesthesia. 2. The total leukocyte counts of experimental groups showed significant decrease on one hour and subsequent increases after the anesthesia. 3. No significant changes were observed in SGOT, SGPT, ALP, BUN and serum glucose values in both the control and experimental groups. 4. The total serum protein values showed a tendency to decrease on the first hour of halothane anesthesia in both the control and experimental groups. From these results it may be concluded that the repeated halothane anesthesia done 10th day of previous anesthesia do not affect the liver and kidney function in dogs.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.471-478
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• 1994

The hematologic values and serum chemistry were examined healthy male 12 Pere David's Deer and 8 Wapiti at the Farmland Zoological Garden. In wapiti, the blood values collected from horn and jugular vein were compared. The results were as follows: 1. There were not any significant differences in hematologic values and serum chemistry of blood col. looted from horn and jugular vein in wapiti. 2. In Pere David's Deer, Mean$\pm$SD Values of White Blood Cell(WBC) count were 4673.50$\pm$1893.42/${mu}ell$, of Neutrophils 65.42$\pm$12.7%, of Lymphocytes 31.50$\pm$8.68%, of Monocytes 0.25$\pm$0.43%, of Eosinophils 0.17$\pm$0.37%. of Basophils, of Red Blood Cell(RBC) 9.93$\pm$1.38$\times$10/${mu}ell$, of PCV 54.25$\pm$6.25%, of Hb 16.89$\pm$2.43g/㎗, of Tot protein 7.63$\pm$0.6g/㎗, of Cholesterol 87.25$\pm$10.76mg/㎗, of Glucose 109.36$\pm$43.7mg/㎗, of SGOT 85.17$\pm$33IU/$\ell$, of SGPT 102.92$\pm$31.49IU/$\ell$, of BUN 21.00$\pm$5.18mg/㎗, of Creatinine 2.1$\pm$0.43mg/㎗, of ALKP 156$\pm$32.72IU/$\ell$, of Ca 11.28$\pm$1.04mg/㎗, of Na 127.92$\pm$10.04mmo1/$\ell$, of NH3 102.83$\pm$42.25mmo1/$\ell$, of Cl 105.91$\pm$3.45mmo1/$\ell$, respectively. 3. In wapiti, Mean$\pm$SD Values of White Blood Cell(WBC) count were 3450.00$\pm$1040.73/${mu}ell$, of Neutrophils 53.88$\pm$7.42%, of Lymphocytes 36.00$\pm$5.72%, of Monocytes 1.13$\pm$1.05%, of Eosinophils 1.38$\pm$1.93%, of Basophils 7.63$\pm$4.15%, of Red Blood Cell 10.09$\pm$1.3$\times$10/${mu}ell$, of PCV 46.88$\pm$3.33%, of H 15.09$\pm$1.48g/㎗, of Total protein 7.15$\pm$0.73g/㎗, of Cholesterol 78.63$\pm$12.27mg/㎗, of Glucose 75.63$\pm$33.22mg/㎗ , of SGOT 79.25$\pm$18.43IU/$\ell$, of SGPT 36.50$\pm$19.20IU/$\ell$, of BUN 29.63$\pm$4.15mg/㎗, of Creatinine 1.35$\pm$0.21mg/㎗ , of ALKP 283.50$\pm$88.13IU/$\ell$, of Ca 9.78$\pm$0.43mg/㎗ , of Na 120.00$\pm$10.02mmol/$\ell$, of NH3 261.50$\pm$ 103.46mmol/$\ell$, of Cl 92.00$\pm$9.19mmol/$\ell$, respectively.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2004

본 연구는 임신한 생쥐에 DEHP의 투여가 자손의 번식특성과 혈액성분에 미치는 영향을 검토하였으며 그결과는 다음과 같다. 임신기에 DEHP의 투여가 웅성 자손의 체중, 번식기관 무게 및 정액 성상에 미치는 결과는 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었다. 임신기에 DEHP의 투여가 웅성 자손의 혈액 성상에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, WBC, HB, HT, MCH 및 albumin은 투여구간에 차이가 없었으나, RBC MCV, MCHC, PLT 및 total protein은 각 투여구간에 통계적으로 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 임신기에 DEHP의 투여가 자성 자손의 체중, 자궁 및 오른쪽 난소의 무게에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었지만, 왼쪽 난소의 무게는 10.0mg 투여구가 대조구와 0.5mg 투여구에 비해 통계적으로 유의하게 높은 무게를 나타냈다. 임신기에 DEHP의 투여가 자성 자손의 혈액성상에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과, RBC, HB 및 HT는 각 투여구간에 커다란 차이가 없었다. 임신기에 DEHP의 투여가 자손의 정소, 난소 및 자궁의 조직에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과,정소에서는 투여구간에 차이가 없었으며, 난소에서는 10.0mg 투여구가 여타구보다 많은 황체를 가지고 있었으며, 자궁에서는 대조구에 비해 DEHP의 투여농도가 증가할수록 자궁내막층이 감소했으며, 1.0mg 투여구와 10.0mg 투여구는 대조구에 비해 뚜렷한 자궁내막층의 감소가 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.480-484
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• 2000

A 10 years old female Poodle weighing 4.38 kg and a 10 years old female Maltese weighing 4.33kg were referred to veterinary leaching hospital of college of veterinary medicine, Konkuk uni-versity because of hematuria and severa anorexia. Preoperative hematological and srum chemical values revealed that counts of WBC were $78.4{\times}10^3$,/TEX>/ul in the Poodle and $21.6{\times}10^3$in the Maltese, concentrations of BUN 105 and 13 mg/dl, concentrations of creatinine 4.0 and 1.4 mg/dl, concentration of ALKP 542 U/L in the Poodle and concentration of ALF 37 U/L in the Maltese, respectively. Radiographic findings were observed radiopaque bilateral nephroliths in the Poodle and right renal cal- culus in the Maltese. Ultrasonographic findings were showed hyperechoic mass with severe acoustic shadowing, which were ]ocated in the center of both kidneys parenchyma in the Poodle and in right kidney in the Maltese. Bisectional nephrotomy in right kidney for removal of calculus, which had ,sin- gle stone and more large than splitted stones in lets kidney in the Poodle, was performed under isnf- lurane anesthesia in 100% $O_2$. The time from temporary occlusion of blood flow to suture of incisioned kidney after removal of renal calculi was elapsed 12 minutes. During operation and until 24hrs after operation was infusioned mannitol and tranexanic acid solution. There were normal urination with yellow color in the Poodle at 3 days after operation and in the Maltese at 1 day and good appetite after 7 days and 1 day after operation. At 7 days and 9 days after operation, hematolgoical and seam chemical values repealed that counts of WBC were $29.8{\times}10^3/u1 in the Poodle and 13.1 {\itmes}10^3$/ul in the Mal- tese, concentrations of BUN 13 and 10 mg/dl. concentrations of creatinine 1.3 and 1.1 mg/dl, con-centrations of ALT 34 and 97U/L, concentraion of AST 10 U/L in the Poodle, respectively, By ultra-sonographic view there was not observed hyperechoic mass and radippaque calculus in operated kid-ney in radiographic view.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.471-482
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• 1996

These experiments were undertaken in order to find out the useful clinicopathological diagnostic methods of cadmium poisoning in dogs. Twenty-one dogs were divided into a control group and 6 experimental groups. The experimental groups were adminstered orally 5, 10, 15, 30, 60 and 120mg of cadmium per kg of body weight for 56 days. All dogs were examined for clinical signs, and weekly changes in hematological and blood chemical values. All dogs were necropsied on 57th days of experiment. Tissue samples including hair, skin, muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, testis, ovary, uterus, and bone were collected and analyzed for cadmium, zinc, iron and copper contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. From these experiments following results were obtained : 1. All experimental dogs showed vomitting, salivation, anorexia, decreased water-intake, dehydration, and marked weight loss. The dogs received 30mg/kg or more of cadmium died during the period from 2nd to 7th week after administration. 2. Hematologically, all experimental dogs showed decrease in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, and packed cell volume. The anemia was identified as normocytic and regenerative morphologically. 3. No significant differences in serum glutamic oxaloacetic transminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, blood urea nitrogen, and cholosterol value were obseved between the control and experimental dogs. 4. The cadmium contents in various tissues of experimental dogs were estimated as $37.8{\sim}201.8{\mu}g/g$ in bone, $14.1{\sim}49.5{\mu}g/g$ in liver, $13.2{\sim}53.1{\mu}g/g$ in kidney, $0.4{\sim}35.2{\mu}g/g$ in pancreas, $0.8{\sim}35.4{\mu}g/g$ in spleen, $0.9{\sim}30.1{\mu}g/g$ in hair, $0{\sim}7.1{\mu}g/g$ in lung, $0{\sim}5.1{\mu}g/g$ in skin, and $0{\sim}3.6{\mu}g/g$ in muscle, respectively. However, the serum, testis, ovary and uterus showed no cadmium accumulation. Two contol dogs showed cadmium accumulation only in bone. 5. Significant differances in zinc, iron, and copper contents in tissue samples were observed between the control and experimental groups.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.127-142
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• 1991

This study was carried out to investigate fatty liver in Korean black goats. Adult female goats were divided into 3 test groups(A, B and C). Group A and B of goats each received 3 test consecutive daily doses of DL-ethionine at 75mg/kg and 150mg/kg body weight, respectively. Group C of goats was given 3 consecutive doses of the compound every 48 hours at 150mg/kg body weight. The clinical symptoms, hematological values, serum chemical values and histopathological study of the liver were investigated in the test animals. The results obtained are as follows ; 1. Fatty liver were observed in every test animal. 2. Some clinical symptoms( anorexia, depression) were appeared from 1st day to 7th day after administration of the compound in every test animal. In addition to these symptoms, diarrhea and salivation were generally observed in test animals which were given the compound at 150mg/kg body weight. The degree of these symptoms was dose dependent. 3. There was no significant variations in total WBC counts and fibrinogen values in the blood of test goats. The PCV values were significantly increased on 5th day of dosing in group A and B of goats. 4. The total lipid value was not changed but the concentration of NEFA was significantly increased on 3rd day of dosing with the compound and returned to normal value after 10 days hereafter. The value of triglycerides was significantly increased on 1st day and returned to normal value on 3rd day of dosing. The value of cholesterol was significantly decreased on 3rd day and returned to normal value on 10th day after treatment. 5. Total protein level was decreased on 10th day of dosing in the groups of B and C, and billirubin level was significantly increased on 7th day of dosing in every test group and returned to normal level after 13th day of administration. 6. The activity of GGT in serum was not changed while the activities of SDH and AST were significantly increased in every test goat and those values were returned to normal after 10~13th day of trestment. 7 The 35K-protein fraction in serum was not detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but this protein fraction was detected by the same method after treating the 21st and 22nd fraction which were obtained by column chromatography with Sephadex G-100. 8. The affected liver was congested and swollen on 3rd day, and yellowish brown in color and mottled appearance on 7th day of treatment. Histopathologically, fat droplets were common in the hepatocytes, this change was intensive on 7th day after treatment in group B and C. Hepatic cell necrosis was observed in some livers but this pathological change was disappeared and returned to normal after 13 days of treatment.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.441-452
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• 2012

Objectives : As the attempts to make good uses of laser acupuncture in korean medicine have been steadily carried on, to ensure the safety is needed to increase the use of laser acupuncture. The aim of this study was to examine the safety of using laser acupuncture therapy irradiated with 830 nm laser and 905 nm laser. Methods : Fifteen rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups - Intact ; no therapy group. LAT830 ; laser acupuncture therapy(830 nm) group at GB34 GB39. LAT905 ; laser acupuncture therapy(905 nm) group at GB34 GB39. During eight weeks of treatment, LAT830, LAT905 were treated 2 times weekly, frequency 20 Hz, intensity 20 mW. Test items were mortality, body weight, food consumptions, hematological values, blood chemical values, urinalysis values, absolute organ weights and relative organ weights. Results : Statistically significant differences were not found among 3 groups. The values measured in LAT830, LAT905 and Intact(no therapy) group have shown similar results and it indicated that LAT830, LAT905 had no abnormal influence on the reaction of living bodies. There was little difference on the liver weight of relative organ weight test between laser-treated groups(LAT830, LAT905) and Intact group. Conclusions : In conclusion, laser acupuncture therapies irradiated with 830 nm laser and 905 nm laser caused no abnormal reaction of living bodies. More studies are needed to further establish the safety of many other laser acupuncture therapies.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.227-246
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• 1994

Present investigations were undertaken in order to clarify the clinical status of Korean native cattle and dairy cattle(holstein). Blood, Feces and urine samples were collected from 247 Korean native cattle(222 adult and 25 calf), 224 dairy cattle(211 adult and 13 calf) at Chonbuk area and analyzed for clinical, serum chemical, hematological and urinary findings. In addition, we were examined the infection rate of Theileriosis, internal patasite and ring worm. The mean value for each component was calculated by statistical analysis using Excel computer program. From these investigations the following results were obtained. The mean values for RBC, PCV and etc in 433 adult cow(Korean native cattle and dairy cattle) were similar with other reports. But the mean values for MCHC of all species were lower than normal. Adult Korean native cattle and adult dairy cattle which showed hematologically normal levels were only 9.01% and 9.48%, respectively. Ahnormally high values for PCV, RBC and Hb were recorded in 7.66% of adult Korean native cattle, 20% of Korean native calf, 15.38% of dairy calf. Adult Korean native cattle and adult dairy cattle which showed hematologically anemia were 4.95% and 19.43% respectively, but all in Korean native calf and dairy calf showed normal values. Adult Korean native cattle, adult dairy cattle, Korean native calf and dairy calf which showed normal serum protein level were 84.0%, 90.8%, 50% and 44.4%, respectively. In present investigations, 50% of Korean native calf and 55.6% of dairy calf were decreased serum protein values under normal range. These abnormally decreased serum protein values mean the shortage of antibody, and these have a possibility to occrus to pneumonia and diarrhea. From these results, the economical loss caused by pneumonia was calculated as 124, 038, 833 won in the KNC and 742, 703, 430 won in the dairy calf rearing in Chonbuk area. Calculated economical loss caused by enteritis was 56, 658, 690 won in Korean native cattle. 476, 775, 799 won in dairy calf and the total loss amount to 533, 434, 488 won in Chonbuk area. Abnormally high values($21.7{\pm}4.0mg/dl) for serum calcium were recorded 49.6% in dairy cattle. The mean values of serum total cholesterol were $170.8{\pm}99.8mg/dl in Korean native cattle, $196.0{\pm}40.6mg/dl$ in Korean native calf, $202.9{\pm}86.0mg/dl$ in adult dairy cattle and $289.4{\pm}97.5mg/dl$ in dairy calf. The infection rate of internal parasite were as follows； adult Korean native cattle：21.2%, Korean native calf：80%, adult dairy cattle：67.8%. The estimated economical loss caused by internal parasites infection were 1, 120, 855, 837 won in Korean native calf, 4, 994, 959, 405 won in adult Korean native cattle, 3, 334, 751, 066 won in adult holstein, and the total loss amount to 9, 450, 566, 308 won. The infection rate of theileriosis were 1.4% in Korean native cattle and 6.6% in dairy cattle. The presumed Economical loss by T. sergenti infection were 154, 408, 482 won in Korean native cattle and 171, 577, 237 won in dairy cattle rearing at Chonbuk area. The infection rat of ringworm were 0.5% in Korean native cattle, 0.9% in adult dairy cattle and 7.7% in dairy calf. The presumed economical loss by dermatomycophyte were 12, 061, 532 won in Korean native cattle, 16, 895, 403 won in dairy cattle, and the total estimated loss amount to 28, 955, 935 won a year in Chonbuk area. The infection rate of ringworm were 0. 5% in Korean native cattle, 0.9% in adult dairy cattle and 7.7% in dairy calf. The presumed economical loss by dermatomycophyte were 12, 061, 532 won in Korean native cattle, 16, 895, 403 won in dairy cattle, and the total estimated loss amount to 28, 955, 935 won a year in Chonbuk area.