• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.107-128
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• 2019

When parental experience improves parenting skills, parents are likely to behave in favor of children of higher birth orders. To examine this hypothesis, this study analyzes birth month based on birth order of children in South Korea where parents prefer to have babies in the earlier months of a year. This study finds that while more babies are born in the earlier months, second-born children are more likely to be so than first children. This implies that parental experience makes for better parents.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.23-39
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• 1980

The purpose of this study is to investigate various factors which affect father's child-rearing attitudes through the examination of father-child relationships. In other words, the study aims at finding out how the variables possessed by father side operate on his child-rearing attitudes according to the sex and birth-order of children. Hence, the study is carried out on the hypothesis that father's variables such as age, education, occupation, religion, etc. show different aspects on child-rearing attitudes by way of a child's sex and birth-order. The results of the study show that the factors that affect father's child-rearing attitudes are child's variables such as sex and birth-order as well as father's variables such as education, occupation and religion. describing these factors I detail, the study shows that father has higher concern on daughter rather than on son; the higher education he has, the higher his concern is; and when father has a white-collar job or is a Christian, he shows higher concern on his children. The above mentioned factors are analyzed and classified as follows by the child-rearing contents: A. The factors which affect father's concern one his children are: 1) sex, 2) father's education and 3) occupation related to the sex and birth-order of children. B. The factors which affect father's participation in child-care are; 1) sex, 2) birth-order, 3) father's education, 4) occupation and 5) religion related to the sex and birth-order. C. The factors which affect father's disciplinary attitudes (Praise or scolding) are ; 1) sex, 2) father's education and 3) religion related to the sex and birth-order. C. The factors which affect father's disciplinary attitudes (praise or scolding) are; 1) sex, 2) father's education related to sex, and 3) sex in terms of negative attitudes. E. Finally, father's age is proved to be a factor that does not give any significance in his child-rearing attitudes.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.465-475
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the association between birth patterns (defined in terms of birth order and interval) with delayed breastfeeding initiation in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey 2017. The weighted number of respondents was 5693 women aged 15-49 years whose youngest living child was less than 2 years old. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to evaluate associations between birth patterns and delayed breastfeeding initiation after adjusting for other covariates. Results: This study found that 40.2% of newborns in Indonesia did not receive timely breastfeeding initiation. Birth patterns were significantly associated with delayed breastfeeding initiation. Firstborn children had 77% higher odds of experiencing delayed breastfeeding initiation (adjusted odds ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 3.04; p<0.05) than children with a birth order of 4 or higher and a birth interval ≤ 2 years after adjusting for other variables. Conclusions: Firstborn children had higher odds of experiencing delayed breastfeeding initiation. Steps to provide a robust support system for mothers, especially first-time mothers, such as sufficient access to breastfeeding information, support from family and healthcare providers, and national policy enforcement, will be effective strategies to ensure better practices regarding breastfeeding initiation.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.57-71
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• 1994

The purpose of this research was to study the variables related to the stress and to provide the way of establishing better relationship between aged parents and adult offsprings and the way of effective care-giving. In order to achieve this purpose a survey was conducted by interview using questionaire. The collected data were analyzed by using frequency percentage mean standard deviation factor analysis Pearson's correlation analysis, ANOVA, and stepwise regression analysis. The results of this research were as follows: First The total points of daughter-in-laws' caregicing stress was 38.5 and daughter's caregiving stress was 27.3. Second There were meaningful differences according to living arrangement daughters-in-law age, old mothers' health status. And there were significant. interaction effects among variables of living arrangement and daughters-in-law' age, living arrangement and birth order birth order and old mothers' health status. living arrangement and daughters-in-law' age and old mothers' health status. Third There were meaningful differences according to living arrangement daughter's age. And there were significant interaction effects among variables of living arrangement and daughter's age, daughter's age and birth order, living arrangement and daughter's age and old mothers' health status, living arrangement and birth order and old mothers' health status. Fourth Among daughters-in-law' variables living arrangement age, old mothers' health status have influence on the care-giving stress. Among daughter's variables living arrangement, age, birth order have influence on the care-giving stress.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.46-53
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• 1993

To find some involvement of environmental factors in autism, season of birth, birth order, and maternal age at birth of autistic children were investigated Total number of clinical outpatient autistic children was 357, which consisted of 319 male and 38 female, then male-to-female sex ratio was 8.4 to 1, and all subjects were born during $1986{\sim}1988.$ These data were compared with those of controlled general populations. The results were as follows : 1) In monthly and seasonal distributions of birth, autistic children were not different from normal control 2) Comparing with control group by Slater's and Greenwood-Yule's birth order calculation methods, there was no significant difference in birth order of autistic children 3) The maternal ages at birth in autistic group were significantly higher than those of control group(P<01) 4) High-risk pregnancies were significantly frequent in autistic group compared with control group(p<01)Our study supported the idea that at least some environmental factors, especially at-risk pregnancy, are involved in autism causation.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.98-115
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• 1994

This study is attempting to examine the possible determinants of the rise of the sex ratio at birth from 106 to 110 in past decade in Taiwan. The basic hypothesis for the sudden rise of the sex ratio at birth is due to a combination of prenatal sex determination and abortion. The reasoning for this hypothesis involves three types of considerations - motivation, norm, and access. The theory is evaluated by analyzing data from birth registration and a large and representative sampie of Taiwanese wives of childbearing age. The empirical data seem to support the theoretical preposition and the basic hypothesis that the rise of the sex ratio at birth in Taiwan is due to a combination of prenatal sex determination and abortion. There is striking evidence of son-preference in the rise of the sex ratio at birth in higher birth order. In 1990 the sex ratio was 119 for third births and 128 for fourth and fifth births compared to the expected 106. Also, the 1991 KAP data indicated that women who have only daughters but no any son are more likely to make prenatal sex screening and terminate their pregnancies in male live births at higher birth order. Obviously, genetic diagnosis through chorionic villus sampling which was available in recent years was misused for prenatal sex determination and sex selective abortion.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.41-52
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• 2011

This study is to identify the related factors for birth bringing-up from 544 women from 20s to 40s who can be pregnant residing in Busan in order to explore the method for birth encouragement in the midst of the low birth reality in Korea. It was revealed from the research result that the married women who have a birth plan recognize the marriage and the value of the children more importantly than the economical burden. In addition, it was known that the wished number of the children for unmarried women was influenced most greatly by the marriage and the value of the children. The expectation of the institutional supporting for the birth encouragement was the consideration for the time of bringing up and support to returning to the labor market after the birth.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to analyze the risk of preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW) in extramarital birth by analyzing 2008-2012 birth certificated data (2,328,719 births) from Korea Statistics. Odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated from logistic regression analyses to describe the associations between PTB & LBW and extramarital birth adjusted for maternal age, maternal occupation & education, infantile sex, birth order and number of child birth (singleton & multiple birth). The rate of extramarital birth was 1.8 percent and 2.1 percent in 2010-11. The incidence of LBW was 8.1 percent in extramarital birth and 5.0 percent in marital birth. The incidence of PTB in extramarital birth were 8.2 percent and 5.8 percent in marital birth. Compared with marital birth, the odds ratio (OR) for PTB were 1.48 (95% CI: 1.43-1.54) for extramarital birth. Risk of LBW was higher in extramarital birth (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.64-1.76) than that of marital birth. Among mothers younger than 20 years, the odds ratio of PTB among extramarital birth, relative to married birth was 1.69 (1.49-1.91). Among unmarried mothers, those at a higher risk of LBW was aged 20-29 years (1.69: 1.59-1.79). Maternal unmarried status was associated with increased risk of PTB and LBW.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.78-123
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• 1984

This study is attempting to examine the possible determinants of the rise of the sex ratio at birth from 106 to 110 in past decade in Taiwan. The basic hypothesis for the sudden rise of the sex ratio at birth is due to a combination of prenatal sex determination and abortion. The reasoning for this hypothesis involves three types of considerations - motivation, norm, and access. The theory is evaluated by analyzing data from birth registration and a large and representative sampie of Taiwanese wives of childbearing age. The empirical data seem to support the theoretical preposition and the basic hypothesis that the rise of the sex ratio at birth in Taiwan is due to a combination of prenatal sex determination and abortion. There is striking evidence of son-preference in the rise of the sex ratio at birth in higher birth order. In 1990 the sex ratio was 119 for third births and 128 for fourth and fifth births compared to the expected 106. Also, the 1991 KAP data indicated that women who have only daughters but no any son are more likely to make prenatal sex screening and terminate their pregnancies in male live births at higher birth order. Obviously, genetic diagnosis through chorionic villus sampling which was available in recent years was misused for prenatal sex determination and sex selective abortion.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.151-179
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• 2012

This study investigates birth cohort and educational differences in the marital and fertility life course using the Hernes model. First, lifetime marriage rates remain high across birth cohorts but men in the youngest birth cohort(1965-74) experience a somewhat significant reduction in ever-marriage rates. Second, this study also finds educational differences in lifetime marriage rates across birth cohorts. The likelihood of being never married is particularly high for poorly educated men in the youngest birth cohort but women show the opposite pattern. Third, quantum changes in the fertility transition are more likely to be the changes in higher-order births, while the changes in first and second births are mainly tempo changes. Fourth, the negative association between education and fertility is significantly larger for higher-order births. Finally, marriage and fertility show the opposite pattern in their association with education. Overall, educational differences in lifetime marriage rates become stronger across birth cohorts but the association between education and higher-order births shows the opposite pattern.