• 펄프종이기술
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2012

Wood biomass including forest residues, waste wood, and construction residuals has been widely generated in Korea, but forest biomass from the National Forest Management Operation Project plays a big role in generating wood biomass. Unfortunately the promotion policy of woody energy organized by the Forest Service in Korea concentrates more on demand creation rather than on supply expansion. Therefore, in order to utilize insufficient wood resources effectively, it is greatly required to develop uses for maximizing their added value. In particular, more attention to the use of the second generation biomass has been paid in foreign countries because there is a threshold that the first generation biomass cannot produce enough biofuel without threatening food supplies and biodiversity. In Korea, wood pellets are regarded as the alternative clean fuels to oils and coals that emit green house gases into the atmosphere. However, using wood as pellet raw materials can not be an economic way because the value of wood disappears right after burning in the boiler in spite of its contribution to the decrease of carbon emission. Differently from wood pellets, kraft pulping process using woody biomass produces black liquor as a by-product which can be used to generate electricity, bioenergy and biochemicals through gasification. Thus, it can be more economical to make a torrefaction of lignocellulosic biomass such as low-quality wood and agricultural leftovers as raw materials of pellets.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.104.1-104.1
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• 2010

We investigated combustion characteristics of wood pellets in a combustion equipment with adjusting amount of flue gas. Maximum temperature in a combustion chamber was $850^{\circ}C$. Higher heating Value of a domestic wood pellet tested is 19.1 MJ/kg and water content was 8.3%. Amount of flue gas causes big effect on burning characteristics in $450{\sim}600^{\circ}C$. Wood pellet does not burn in low temperature atmosphere less than $450^{\circ}C$ and low flue gas flow rate. We made burning the pellet that is made in Korea, USA, Chile and Canada. Color of foreign pellets are bright brown and they made by mainly sawdust. Korean pellet is a dark brown color because it contains bark. There are some differences in the result of elementary analysis and technical analysis. According to the result of burning experiment, burning times of each countries's pellet are similar.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-49
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• 2013

기후변화를 유발하는 원인물질로는 주로 화석연료의 연소에 의해 발생하는 '온실가스'가 대표적이었으나, 최근 연구를 통해 블랙카본 또한 기후변화에 기여하는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 주로 숯가마, 화목난로, 폐기물 노천소각 등 생물성 물질의 불완전연소에 의해 발생하는 블랙카본은 눈과 얼음의 표면에 붙어 알베도를 감소시키고, 태양복사에너지 흡수율을 증가시켜 눈과 얼음이 녹는 속도를 가속화 한다. 그러나, 바이오매스 연소로 발생하는 블랙카본의 배출 특성은 아직 정확하게 밝혀진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 블랙카본의 배출 특성을 살펴보기 위하여 화목난로를 대상으로 연소실험을 진행하였다. 연소 실험 결과, 블랙카본은 연소 온도가 낮고, 연소용 공기 공급량이 적은 조건에서 더 많이 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 블랙카본 배출계수는 벽난로에서 목재연료 A를 연소하였을 때가 1.01 g-BC/kg-Oak, 목재연료 B가 0.37 g-BC/kg-Oak, 목재연료 C가 0.29 g-BC/kg-Oak으로 산정되었고, 소형난로에서 목재연료 A를 연소하였을 때 0.25 g-BC/kg-Oak으로 산정되었다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.171-178
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• 2011

During the last decades, global warming from the increased amount of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide has become a major political and scientific issue. Burning fossil fuels (natural gas, coal and oil) releases $CO_2$, which is also a major cause of global warming. Among the clean environment, wood pellets are considered as promising renewable fossil fuels because of clean burning characteristics, reduction of particulate and NOx emission from combustion. In Korea, more than 50% pellets have to be imported every year because of shortage of feedstocks. On the other hand, about 80% of wood pulps are greatly dependent upon overseas products due to limited forest resources. Under this situation, this study explored how efficiently we have to use forest biomass instead of total dependence on wood as raw materials for pellets.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2014

Several studies have been carried out on the source contribution of the particulate Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) over Seoul by using the Chemical Mass Balance Model (CMB)(Lee and Kim, 2007; Kim et al., 2013). To confirm the validity of the modeling results, the modified model employing a photochemical loss rate along with varying residence times and the standard model that considers no loss were compared. It was found that by considering the photochemical loss rate, a better performance was obtained as compared to those obtained from the standard model in the CMB calculation. The modified model estimated higher contributions from coke oven, transportation, and biomass burning by 4 to 8%. However, the order of the relative importance of major sources was not changed, coke oven followed by transportation and biomass burning. Thus, it was concluded that the standard CMB model results are reliable for identifying the relative importance of major sources.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2018

This paper proposes the method to develop the fuel of suljigemi pellet using agricultural by-products the occurred during the manufacturing of alcohol. The goal of the development of suljigemi using biomass is to make the pellet fuel of high calorie. The suljigemi pellet is difficult to recycle waste in the manufacture company of alcohol. suljigemi pellet has the effect of zero emission as the soil conditioner using ash after burning. Also suljigemi pellet has the reduction effect of carriage fee, fuel economy and low-cost high-efficiency effects, environmentally clean fuel as CO2 emissions savings. So the technologies of the suljigemi fuel pellet are developing low carbon, green growth renewable energy fuel through futuristic energy system will be. In experiments, suljigemi pellets confirmed the calories by about 10% higher than wood pellets with the same conditions.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2011년도 추계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.143-149
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• 2011

In recent, many forest residues have been generated by the National Forest Management Operation. Unfortunately, most of the forest residues are supposed to be used as raw materials for burning fuels like wood pellets. In this study, we investigated whether or not this forest biomass mixed in various ages and species could be used as raw materials for making kraft pulps in a view of optical properties.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2021

Fresh PM_2.5 smokes emitted from combustion of four biomass materials (pellet, palm fruit fiber (PFF), PKS, and sawdust) in a laboratory-controlled environment were characterized using an attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) technique. In smoke samples emitted from combustion of pellets, PFF and PKS, which is being used as boiler fuels for greenhouses in rural areas, the organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC) ratios in PM_2.5 were very high (14.0-35.5), whereas in sawdust smoke samples they were significantly low (<4.0) due to the combustion method close to flaming combustion. ATR-FTIR analysis showed that OH(3400-3250 cm^-1), CH₃(2958-2840 cm^-1), CH₂(2910 cm^-1 and 2850 cm^-1), ketone(1726-1697 cm^-1), C=C(1607-1606 cm^-1 and 1515-1514 cm^-1), lignin (1463-1462 cm^-1 and 1430-1428 cm^-1) and -NO₂(1360-1370 cm^-1) peaks were identified in all biomass burning (BB) smoke samples. However, additional peaks appeared depending on the type of biomass. Among the four types of biomass materials, an additional peak of the methylene group CH₃(2872-2870 cm^-1) appeared only in PFF and PKS smoke samples, and a peak of C=O(1685 cm^-1) was also confirmed. And in the case of PKS smoke samples, a peak of aromatic C=C(1593 cm^-1 and 1476 cm^-1) that did not appear in other BB samples was also observed. This indicates that the molecular structure of organic compounds emitted during BB differs depending on the type of biomass materials. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable information to more specifically reveal the effect of BB on PM_2.5 collected in the atmospheric environment.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.273-285
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 GLI 센서의 자외선인 380nm, 가시광선 영 역의 400nm와 412nm, 가시광선의 푸른 파장영역인 460nm와 490nm, 근파장 적외선인 2100nm를 비교 분석하여 생체 소각 에어러솔 탐지에 효과적인 파장을 살펴보고자 하였다. 자외선 파장이 지표 반사도가 낮고 BRDF 효과도 작게 나타나므로 에어러솔 추정시 효과적이라고 알려져 있으나 412nm를 제외한 400nm, 460nm, 490nm에서 380nm와 비슷한 지표 반사도를 보였다. 지표 반사도 대비 방법을 2003년 5월에 적용해 에어러솔 반사도를 산출하였을때 460nm의 에어러솔 반사도가 380nm 보다 민감하게 나타났다. GLI의 두파장을 이용해 TOMS 에어러솔 지수를 산출하였을 때 생체 소각 에어러솔은 흡수성 에어러솔로 나타났으며 380nm와 460nm를 이용한 TOMS 에어러솔 지수가 AERONET의 에어러솔 광학 두께와 높은 상관관계를 보이며 에어러솔의 광학 두께에 민감하게 반응하고 있다. 그러므로 생체소각 에어러솔을 탐지할 때에는 가시광선의 푸른색 영역의 파장대가 효과적일 것으로 사료된다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2001

The biomass structure for three major components viz., the dominant grass, Chrysopogon zeylanicus Thw., the 'other grasses' and the'remaining species'and dry matter dynamics for total community were studied over a period of one year in an annual fire influenced subtropical humid grassland community in Western Ghats, India. The biomass of aboveground, belowground and litter compartments were high as in other humid grasslands and generally have positive correlation with rainfall, rainy days and relative humidity with the exception of litter parts. The above and belowground net primary productions (4,561 and 722 g/㎡, respectively) were also higher and were comparable with other humid tropical grasslands. The turnover of organic matter was rapid, Of the total input of 14.47 g/㎡ into the system, about 86.3% was allocated to above ground parts and 13.7% to below ground parts. The total disappearance was 2.56 g/㎡ and it was accounted to be 17.68% of the total output. The net surplus of dry matter (82.32%) in the post fire community indicates that the grassland was maintained in a seral stage. Hence it is suggested that prescribed burning may keep this ecosystem in a highly productive and seral stage.