• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.313-321
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• 2003

This review summarizes the recent advances in high-density algal cultures in the field of algal biotechnology. Photobioreactor engineering for economical and effective utilization of algae and its products has made impressive and promising progress. Bioprocess engineers have expedited the design and the operation of algal cultivation systems. Many of them in use today are open systems due to cost considerations, and closed photobioreactors have recently attracted a considerable attention for the production of valuable biochemicals or for special applications. For high-density cultures, the optimization of environmental factors in the photobioreactors have been explored, including light delivery, CO$_2$and O$_2$gas transfer, medium supply, mixing and temperature. It is expected that further advanced photobioreactor engineering will enable the commercialization of noble algal products within the next decade.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.331-337
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• 2003

Unicellular green algae of the genus Dunaliella thrive in extreme environmental conditions such as high salinity, low pH, high irradiance and subzero temperatures. Species of Dunaliella are well known in the alga biotechnological industry and are employed widely for the production of valuable biochemicals, such as carotenoids. Some strains of Dunaliella are cultivated commercially in large outdoor ponds and are harvested to produce dry algal meals, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids and oils for the health food industry, and coloring agents for the food and cosmetic industries. During the past decade, the advances in molecular biology and biochemistry of microalgae, along with the advances in biotechnology of microalgal mass cultivation, enabled this microalga to become a staple of commercial exploitation. In particular, the advent of molecular biology and mutagenesis in Dunaliella has permitted enhancements in the carotenoids content of this green alga, making it more attractive for biotechnological applications. Accordingly, the present review summarizes the recent developments and advances in biotechnology of carotenoid production in Dunaliella.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.192-196
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• 2005

Chromatography has been a method of choice in the separation of complex biological mixtures for the analytical purpose in particular for the last half of century. In current years, chromatographic method extends its use to the preparative separation where the productivity per resin amount and solvent use become a matter of concern. Recently, simulated moving bed (SMB) method which claims high separation efficiency of the ideal counter-current moving bed chromatography has become a workhorse of preparative separation. SMB technology was developed in the early 1960s for large-scale hydrocarbon separation by UOP and approximately 120 Sorbex units have been licensed to date. Recently, SMB separation technology has been successfully extended from hydrocarbons and sugars to fine chemicals, particularly biochemicals, from laboratory to pilot to production plant. In this paper, the current status of SMB and its modifications were reviewed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 2022

Microalgae are attracting attention as a resource for the production of biofuels, food nutrients, biochemicals, and bioplastics. Among a wide range of sources of the biomass, microalgae have been highlighted due to relatively easy cultivation, ability to eliminate carbon dioxide, and low culturing cost. Despite the great potential of microalgal biomass as a biological material, the complexity and relatively expensive downstream processes have inhibited the commercial use of microalgae. In this study, we reviewed recent techniques for microalgal drying for the production of microalgal based products. As drying processes comprise the largest portion of microalgae processing cost, an efficient drying technique is key to the utilization of microalgal biomass.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.134-141
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• 2014

As the concerns about environmental problems, climate change and limited fossil resources increase, bio-based production of chemicals and polymers from renewable resources gains much attention as one of the promising solutions to deal with these problems. To solve these problems, much effort has been devoted to the development of sustainable process using renewable resources. Recently, many chemicals and polymers have been synthesized by biorefinery process and these bio-based chemicals and plastics have been suggested as strong candidates to substitute petroleum-based products. In this review, we discuss current advances on the development of metabolically engineered microorganisms for the efficient production of bio-based chemicals and polymers.

• Proceedings of the Society of Korea Industrial and System Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.387-396
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• 2002

Batch processes are a significant class of processes in the process industry and play an important role in the production of high quality speciality materials. Examples include the production of semiconductors, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and biochemicals. With on-line sensors connected to most batch processes, massive amounts of data are being collected routinely during the batch on easily measured process variables such as temperatures, pressures, and flowrates. In this paper, multivariate SPC charts for on-line monitoring of the progress of new batches are developed which utilize the information in the on-line measurements in real-time. We propose the formation of statistical model which describes the normal operation of a batch at each time interval during the batch operation. An on-line monitoring scheme based on the proposed method can handle both cross-correlation among process variables at any one time and auto-correlation over time. And the control limits for the monitoring charts are established from sound statistical framework unlike previous researches which use the external reference distribution. The proposed charts perform real-time, on-line monitoring to ensure that the batch is progressing in a manner that will lead to a high-quality product or to detect and indicate faults that can be corrected prior to completion of the batch. This approach is capable of tracking the progress of new batch runs, identifying the time periods in which the fault occurred and detecting underlying cause.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.415-419
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• 2003

One strain was isolated from wilted chestnut tree and identified as Helicosporium nizamabadense. Also, the strain was evaluated for biocontrol potentials against phytopathogens. Autoclaved fraction of the isolate also showed complete growth inhibition of the turfgrass large patch pathogen, Rhizoctonia. solani AG2-2 and plant pathogen, Botrytis cinerea. Culture extracts of Helicosporium nizamabadense were purified by Thin Layer Chromatography. The several fractions were analyzed by GC-MS, and NMR etc. Antifungal activities were presumably showed more than 5 fractions against the pathogens. Among them, the most effective antifungal fraction was identified as 2-Methylresocinol using GC-MS, and NMR. These results suggest that the 2-Methylresocinol may be useful for biochemicals.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2001

Purpose : This study was 1) to determine the relationship between endogenous opioid-peptides and hope 2) to evaluate the availability of the opioid- peptides, known as biochemicals of emotion in psychoneuroimmunology, as a variable to explain hope. Method : blood sampling for 20 cancer patients' (age range 18-73, 13 men and 7 women, having mild pain or no pain, can do ADL) were made under approval from the doctors in a university hospital at 8 A.M. and quantitative analysis of opioid peptides were done by the internal standard method. In 10min after blood sampling, hope was measured using Kim and Lee's hope scale which had acceptable reliabilities and validity after making consent about interviewing. Blood was sampled from the seven normal adults for comparing the degrees of the opioids. None-parametric statistical analysis was used. Results : There was a significant difference in leucine enkephalin between normal adults and cancer patients. And significant positive relationship existed between chemotherapy and leucine enkephalin. So, the relationships between hope and the endogenous opioids in the patients before chemotherapy were re-tested, excluding the effect of chemotherapy on opioids. As a result, a significant negative relationship between hope and beta- endorphin(r=-.841<.05) showed. And there were highly negative relationships between leucine enkephalin and methionine enkephalin and hope, but not significant statistically. Conclusions : This results implies endogenous opioids can be used as a biological variable to explain hope. More researches in sophisticated design would be needed ,especially in human model.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.9
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• pp.1304-1307
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• 2001

The laying performance of Japanese quails fed graded levels of high glucosinolate ($92.5{\mu}mole/g$) rapeseed meal (RSM) was assessed. One hundred and twenty Japanese quails aged 1 day-old were assigned at random to four dietary treatments consisting of 0, 50, 75 or 100 g/kg RSM in the diet replacing part of the soybean meal and de-oiled rice bran in a standard quail ration. 12 female representative quails from each diet were selected at random and housed in individual cages from 7-20 wk of age. The egg production, feed intake and FCR was comparable among the different dietary groups. The egg quality characteristics, organoleptic evaluation of boiled eggs as well as the haematological (haemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, total leucocyte count) and biochemical (glucose, protein, cholesterol, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase) constituents did not differ significantly among the groups. The gross and histopathological studies of vital organs did not reveal any appreciable changes. The feed cost was reduced by the incorporation of RSM in the diet, but only the production cost of quails fed the 75 g/kg RSM was lower in comparison to other groups. In the present study, the laying potential of Japanese quail was well-maintained up to the 100g/kg dietary level of rapeseed meal.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.239-243
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• 2014

Recently, there is a growing interest in efficient biomass pretreatment and saccharification processes to produce biofuels and biochemicals from renewable non-food biomass resources. In this study, glucose was produced from cellulose by immobilizing cellulase enzyme on chitosan beads which was reported to have high pH and temperature stability. The immobilized amounts of cellulase on chitosan beads linearly increased with increasing the concentrations of cellulase solution. The glucose production increased to 7.2 g/L from 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) substrate when immobilized at 20% cellulase solution. The maximum specific activity was 0.37 unit/mg protein when immobilized at 8% cellulase solution. At pH 7 and $37^{\circ}C$, the optimum reaction composition was 0.5 g beads/L from 1% CMC substrate. At this condition, the conversion to glucose completed at ca. 20 min.