• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2013

The present study was to investigate anti-microbial effects of curcumin on major bacterial pathogens for farmed fish, such as Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio vulnificus, V. paraheamolyticus using disk diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests. In disc diffusion test, curcumin exhibited concentration-dependent antimicrobial activities to all bacteria pathogens used in the study. Antimicrobial effects of curcumin was found differently depending on bacterial species when determined by MIC or MBC tests. For examples, E. tarda and A. hydrophila was respectively the most sensitive bacterium for bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal effect of curcumin. Collectively, curcumin could be a potential natural drug for controlling pathogenic bacteria in the aquaculture industry.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.428-434
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• 2012

A fungal strain, capable of solubilizing insoluble phosphate under diverse temperature, pH and salt conditions was isolated from Waste Mushroom bed of Agaricus bisporus in South Korea. Based on 18S rRNA analysis, the strain was identified as Aspergillus awamori bxq33110. The strain showed maximum phosphate solubilization in AYG medium (525 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) followed by NBRIP medium (515 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$). The strain solubilized $Ca_3(PO_4)_2$ to a greater extent and rock phosphate and $FePO_4$ to a certain extent. However $AlPO_4$ solubilizing ability of the strain was found to be very low. Glucose at the rate of 2% ($561{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) was found be the best carbon source for Aspergillus awamori bxq33110 to solubilize maximum amount of phosphate. However, no significant difference ($P{\leq}0.05$) in phosphorus solubilization was found between 1% and 2% glucose concentrations. $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ was the best nitrogen source for Aspergillus awamori bxq33110 followed by $NH_4Cl$ and $NH_4NO_3$. At pH 7, temperature $30^{\circ}C$ and 5% salt concentration (674 ${\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$) were found to be the optimal conditions for insoluble phosphate solubilization. However, strain Aspergillus awamori bxq33110 was shown to have the ability to solublize phosphate under different stress conditions at $30-40^{\circ}C$ temperature, pH 7-10 and 0-10% salt concentrations indicating it's potential to be used as bio-inoculants in different environmental conditions.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2012

To measure the traffic pollutants with high temporal and spatial resolution under real conditions, a mobile emission laboratory (MEL) was designed. The equipment of the mini-van provides gas phase measurements of CO, NOx, CO2 and THC (Total hydrocarbon), and number density & size distribution measurements of fine and ultra-fine particles by a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS) and a condensation particle counter (CPC). The inlet sampling port above the bumper enables the chasing of different type of vehicles. This paper introduces the technical details of the MEL and presents data from the experiment in which a MEL chases a city bus fuelled by diesel, DME and Bio-diesel. The dilution ratio was calculated by the ratio of ambient NOx and tail-pipe NOx. Most particles from the bus fuelled by diesel were counted under 300 nm and the peak concentration of the particles was located between 30 and 60 nm. However, most particles in the exhaust of the bus fuelled by DME were nano-particles (diameter: less than 50 nm). The bus fuelled by Bio-diesel shows less particle emissions compare to diesel bus due to the presence of the oxygen in the fuel.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.336-341
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• 2015

The industrial-scale biological treatment of Chinese nutgall processing wastewater was conducted with a $200m^3$ expanded granular sludge bed reactor and a $900m^3$ bio-contact oxidation reactor. The temperature of the two reactors was controlled under mesophilic conditions ($32-40^{\circ}C$), through changing the proportion of the dilution water, which was composed of steam condensation water and residual circulating water. The effluent COD, gallic acid, chroma, total nitrogen, total phosphorus levels and pH of both the expanded granular sludge bed and bio-contact oxidation reactors were monitored. In addition, the redox potential in the expanded granular sludge bed was recorded. The total COD removal efficiency was 87.257% when the influent COD concentration was $14\;251{\pm}3\;148mg/L$, and the ratio of wastewater: dilution water was 1:5. The removal efficiencies of gallic acid, chroma, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were 72.221%, 43.940%, 64.151% and 39.316%, respectively. The effluent pH increased in either the expanded granular sludge bed reactor or the bio-contact oxidation reactor during the operation. The redox potential in the expanded granular sludge bed varied between -367 mV and -435 mV. The results indicate that the combined process was suitable for treating Chinese nutgall processing wastewater.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.597-606
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• 2003

Although the antidepressant effects of imipramine (IMI) have been well known in several studies, the effects on cardiovascular system, particularly the vasorelaxant effects, have not known clearly. We hypothesis that IMI-induced vasorelaxation involves NO (nitrie oxide), activation of guanylate cyclase (GC) and $Ca^{2+}$ channel. The possible roles of the endothelium and $Ca^{2+}$ in IMI-induced responses were investigated using isolated rings of rat thoracic aorta and anesthesized rats. In KCl-precontracted rings. IMI produces endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent relaxations in intact (+E) as well as endothelium-denuded (-E) rat aorta in a concentration-dependent manner. In phenylephrine (PE)-precontracted rings, the IMI-induced relaxation was significantly greater in +E rings. The IMI-induced relaxations were suppressed by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and aminoguanidine, a non-selective GC inhibitor, methylene blue, $Na^+$ channel blockers, lidocaine and procaine, or $Ca^{2+}$ channel blockers, nifedipine and verapamil, in PE-precontracted +E rings, but not in PE-precontracted -E rings. These relaxations were also suppressed by lidocaine or procaine in -E aortic rings. However, IMI-induced relaxations were not inhibited by a PLC inhibitor 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-n,n-diphenylcarbamate (NCDC), an inositol monophosphatase inhibitor, lithium, indomethacin and dexamethasone in +E and -E rings. In vivo, infusion of IMI elicited significant decrease in arterial blood pressure. After intravenous injection of saponin, NOS inhibitors. MB and nifedipine, infusion of IMI inhibited the IMI-lowered blood pressure markedly. These findings suggest that the endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by IMI is mediated by activation of NO/cGMP signaling cascade or inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ entry through voltage-gated channel, and this mechanism may contribute to the hypotensive effects of IMI in rats.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2010

의료 분야의 감성 및 심리 치료를 확장하여 이와 관련된 기술을 일반 생활에 접목하고, 또한 생체신호를 이용하여 보다 쾌적한 삶의 환경을 구축하려는 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 뇌전도(EEG : electroencephalogram)와 심전도(ECG : electrocardiogram)의 심박변이도(HRV : Heart Rate Variability)의 패턴을 분석하여 평온, 집중, 긴장, 우울의 네 가지 감성을 분류하고 추론하기 위한 감성추론시스템을 설계하고 구현하였다. 많은 감성 인식 연구가 얼굴이나 음성의 인식에 의하여 이루어지고 있으며, 생체신호를 이용한 추론 연구의 경우에도, 뇌전도나 심전도 등의 단일 생체신호의 분석에 의하여 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 단일 생체신호가 아닌 뇌전도와 심전도신호를 조합하여 복합적으로 분석함으로서 단일 생체신호의 분석 연구보다 추론의 정확도를 높였으며, 감성 추론을 위한 엔진으로지도 학습과 비지도학습의 RBFN(Radial Basis Function Network) 신경망을 적용하여 오류역전파 알고리즘의 지역 최소점과 수렴속도가 느린 단점을 보완하였다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2015

Porcine placenta extract (PPE) is known to possess anti-inflammatory properties owing to its high concentration of bioactive substances. However, the need to eliminate blood-borne infectious agents while maintaining biological efficacy raises concerns about the optimal method for sterilizing PPE. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare the effects of the standard pressurized heat (autoclaving) method of sterilization with γ-irradiation on the anti-inflammatory effects of PPE. The anti-inflammatory actions of these two preparations of PPE were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on the production of NO, the expression of iNOS protein, and the expression of iNOS, COX2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Compared with autoclaved PPE, γ-irradiated PPE showed significantly greater inhibition of NO production and iNOS protein expression, and produced a greater reduction in the expression of iNOS, COX2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA. These results provide evidence that the sterilization process is crucial in determining the biological activity of PPE, especially its anti-inflammatory activity. Collectively, our data suggest that γ-irradiated PPE acts at the transcriptional level to effectively and potently suppresses the production of NO and the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

• 공업화학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2013

최근 비식용 바이오매스 자원인 미세조류를 이용하여 배가스 내의 이산화탄소를 저감함과 동시에 바이오연료를 생산하는 공정이 개발되고 있다. 미세조류 바이오연료 전환 공정은 미세조류 경작, 수확, 추출, 전환 등의 다양한 공정들이 연속적으로 이용된다. 이에 따라 실제 에너지 생산 효과에 대한 우려가 여전히 존재한다. 본 연구는 석탄 발전소에서 배출되는 배가스를 이용하여 파일럿 광생물 반응기에서 생산되는 미세조류를 대상으로 바이오연료 전환에 따른 실에너지 효율을 계산하였다. 에너지 전환 공정은 전이에스터화, 열분해 공정을 선정하였으며 미세조류의 지질 함량에 따른 영향을 검토하였다. 미세조류 바이오연료 전환 공정들은 경작, 수확, 추출, 전환 등에 소요되는 에너지보다 많은 양의 에너지를 가지는 바이오연료를 생산할 수 있으며 지질 함량이 높은 미세조류는 열분해보다 전이 에스터화 반응이 효과적이었다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the synergistic effects of vitamin C and E on methylmercury (MeHg) toxicity in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. In a $3{\times}3$ factorial design, 9 experimental diets containing three different vitamin C (0, 200 or 400 mg/kg diet in the form of l-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate) and vitamin E (0, 100 or 200 mg/kg diet in the form of dl-${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate) levels with the Hg toxicity level (20 mg/kg diet in the form of MeHg) were formulated. Triplicate groups of fish averaging $2.3{\pm}0.05g(mean{\pm}SD)$ were fed one of the 9 diets in a flow through system for 8 weeks. Fish fed 400 mg vitamin C/kg diet with 100 or 200 mg vitamin E/kg diet showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher weight gain (WG) than did fish fed the other diets. Fish fed 400 mg vitamin C/kg diet at all vitamin E levels and those which fed vitamin C and E equally at a rate of 200 mg/kg diet showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher feed efficiency (FE), specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than did fish fed the other diets. Fish fed 200 and 400 mg vitamin C/kg diet exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) lower Hg concentration in their muscle as well as kidney than did fish fed the other diets. Therefore, these results clearly indicated that the synergistic effects of these two vitamins on MeHg toxicity by supplementing dietary vitamin C (200 and 400 mg/kg diet) with vitamin E (100 and 200 mg/kg diet) in juvenile olive flounder.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.553-562
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• 2005

Melatonin, the principal hormone of the vertebral pineal gland, participates in the regulation of cardiovascular system in vitro and in vivo. Lithium inhibits both inositol polyphosphate phosphatase (IPPase) and inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), which are involved in a wide range of signal transduction pathways. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of lithium on endothelial-dependent relaxation to melatonin and on the melatonin-induced inhibition of contraction by phenylephrine (PE) in isolated rat aorta. Melatonin induced a concentration-dependent relaxation in PE-precontracted in endothelium-intact (+E) aortic rings. Melatonin inhibited a PE-induced sustained contraction in +E aortic rings. These effects of melatonin on relaxation and contractile responses were inhibited by pretreatment with lithium. In PE-precontracted +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced vasorelaxations and the inhibitory effects of melatonin on maximal contractions were inhibited by endothelium removal or by pretreatment with L-$N^G$-nitro-arginine (L-NNA), 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo-[4,3-a] quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) and nifedipine and verapamil, but not by tetrabutylammonium, clotrimazole and glibenclamide, However, in endothelium-denuded (-E) aortic rings and in the presence of L-NNA and ODQ in +E aortic rings, the melatonin-induced residual relaxations and the melatonin-induced residual contractile responses to PE were not affected by lithium. It is concluded that the inositol phosphate pathway may be involved in endothelial-dependent relaxation induced by melatonin.