• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.808-814
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• 2010

Activities of nanostructure HZSM-5 and Co-ZSM-5 catalysts (with different Co-loading) for catalytic conversion of ethyl acetate and toluene were studied. The catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation method and were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, TEM and ICP-AES techniques. Catalytic studies were carried out inside a U-shaped fixed bed reactor under atmospheric pressure and different temperatures. Toluene showed lower reactivity than ethyl acetate for conversion on Co-ZSM-5 catalysts. The effect of Co loading on conversion was prominent at temperatures below $400^{\circ}C$ and $450^{\circ}C$ for ethyl acetate and toluene respectively. In a binary mixture of organic compounds, toluene and ethyl acetate showed an inhibition and promotional behaviors respectively, in which the conversion of toluene was decreased at temperatures above $350^{\circ}C$. Inhibition effect of water vapor was negligible at temperatures above $400^{\circ}C$. An artificial neural networks model was developed to predict the conversion efficiency of ethyl acetate on Co-ZSM-5 catalysts based on experimental data. Predicted results showed a good agreement with experimental results. ANN modeling predicted the order of studied variable effects on ethyl acetate conversion, which was as follows: reaction temperature (50%) > ethyl acetate inlet concentration (25.085%) > content of Co loading (24.915%).

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.27-40
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• 2003

Purpose: The Purpose of this study was to analyze the trends of research related with oriental nursing. Method: 124 articles about oriental nursing from 1990 to July 2003 were analyzed according to the articles' characteristics, sources by publication period, research design, nursing intervention effect of experimental study and concept, and content of literature review. Result: 1. The number of studies related with oriental nursing has progressively increased by year from 1990, and that of articles was the highest during the period between 1995 to 1999. 2. The majority of research design were survey and correlational studies, and most of them were published in the before 2000. But experimental design were used in the after 2000. 3. Nursing intervention used in the experimental design were Dan Jeon Breathing, Qigong, Yoga, Guided Imagery, Aroma therapy, San-Yin-Jiao(SP-6) Pressure, Percutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Massage(Meridian Point, hand, foot, etc.) Chuna- Bed Exercise Program. Diet for Sasang Constitution etc. 4. The key concept of literature review articles is ki(energy), oriental nursing, health promotion, oriental medicine management of illness etc. Conclusion: The summary of the above results shows a tendency that the study has increased by year. Especially, experimental study proved affirmative effect. Besides in the literature review, inquiry of theories and practical perspective, which is necessary for the establishment of oriental nursing was introduced. However, for the establishment of oriental nursing, more experimental and qualitative studies are to be required.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2002

4 종류의 무기담채와 지렁이 분변토를 담채로 사용하여 분변토 집식배양한 질산화 세균을 접종한 바이오필터의 암모니아 제거 특성을 규명하였다. 담채의 암모니아 흡착능은 zcocarbn(24g-NH3/kg)을 제외하고 무시할 수준이었으며, 충전부피 당 담체의 미생물 고정화량은 담채 종류와 관계없이 유사하였다. 바이오필터의 압력손실은 분변토 $\geq$ zeocarbon $\geq$ zeolite $\geq$ porous glass $\simeqporous $ 순이었다. 담체의 충전 부피를 기준으로 한 최대 제거용량($g-Nkg^{-1}$$d^{-1}$)은 zeocarbon (526) $\geq$ 분변토 (220) $\geq$ porous celite (93) > Zeolite (68) > porous glass (53) 순으로 바이오필터의 성능은 담체에 많은 영향을 받는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 속도론적 해석에 의해 $V_{m}$과 $K_{s}$를 구하였으며, 담체들간의 암모니아 제거 성능을 고려할 때 가장 우수한 담체는 zeocarbon 이었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.324-326
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• 2011

수면 중 생체 신호를 측정하는 것은 수면 장애 진단 및 치료의 중요한 부분을 차지하며, 전반적인 수면의 질을 판단하는 방법으로 사용되고 있다. 현재 수면다원검사와 같이 수면중 생체 신호를 측정하는 방법은 몸에 전극을 부착하는 접촉식 방법이 사용되고 있다. 이는 수면 중 움직임에 제약을 받고, 매 측정 시 마다 탈부착을 해야 하는 번거러움과 고통을 유발하게 된다. 이러한 필요성으로 인해 무구속적 방식으로 생체 정보를 획득하려는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있는 상태이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 필름 타입의 압력센서인 피에조 (Piezo)를 침대에 설치하여 직접적인 접촉과 구속감이 없이 분당 심박 수를 산출하고, 호흡의 유무를 판단하는 방법에 대해 제안하였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.43-56
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• 1993

The laboratory tests are performed on how the liquefaction potential of the sea dike structures on the saturated sand or silty sand seabed could be affected due to earthquake before and after construction results are given as follows ; 1. Earthquake damages to sea dike structures consist of lateral deformation, settlement, minor abnormality of the structures and differential settlement of embankments, etc. It is known that severe disasters due to this type of damages are not much documented. Because of its high relative cost of the preventive measures against this type of damages, the designing engineer has much freedom for the play of judgement and ingenuity in the selection of the construction methods, that is, by comparing the cost of the preventive design cost at a design stage to reconstruction cost after minor failure. 2. The factors controlling the liquefaction potential of the hydraulic fill structure are magnitude of earthquake(max. surface velocity), N-value(relative density), gradation, consistency(plastic limit), classification of soil(G & vs), ground water level, compaction method, volumetric shear stress and strain, effective confining stress, and primary consolidation. 3. The probability of liquefaction can be evaluated by the simple method based on SPT and CPT test results or the precise method based on laboratory test results. For sandy or silty sand seabed of the concerned area of this study, it is said that evaluation of liquefaction potential can be done by the one-dimensional analysis using some geotechnical parameters of soil such as Ip, Υt' gradation, N-value, OCR and classification of soils. 4. Based on above mentioned analysis, safety factor of liquefaction potential on the sea bed at the given site is Fs =0.84 when M = 5.23 or amax= 0.12g. With sea dike structures H = 42.5m and 35.5m on the same site Fs= 3.M~2.08 and Fs = 1.74~1.31 are obtained, respectively. local liquefaction can be expected at the toe of the sea dike constructed with hydraulic fill because of lack of constrained effective stress of the area.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2016

기후변화의 가장 큰 원인 중 하나로 지목되는 이산화탄소의 배출량을 절감하기 위해 제안된 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) 전체공정의 에너지 및 비용저감이 시급한 현 시점에서 효율적인 연계공정의 도출이 중요하며 본 연구에서는 연소 후 습식아민 공정을 이용한 포집공정과 압축공정의 간의 연계를 통해 에너지를 저감할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 이는 기기적 증기 재압축 시스템 을 적용하여 압축기에 사용되는 전기에너지를 열에너지의 형태로 변환함으로써 포집공정에 필요한 리보일러의 에너지 사용량을 감소시키는 방법이다. 본 공정개선안은 압축기에 필요한 추가적인 투자비용 및 전기에너지를 고려하더라도 고압의 이산화탄소를 생산함과 동시에 전체적인 에너지 사용량을 절감시키는 장점이 있다. 또한 본 연구에서는 실제 Test Bed의 운전 결과를 통한 모델을 활용함으로써 보다 신뢰성 있는 절감 효과를 제안하고자 한다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.746-753
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate artificial fish shelter, which was known to increase prey survival and expand habitat space to improve species diversity and fish communities in a freshwater ecosystem. The experiment was performed at an outdoor test-bed for three months from 2011 by comparing the responses to adjustments in the volume of the artificial patch (juvenile fish shelter, JFS) in the control and experimental groups. Analysis of the environmental conditions over two periods (Period1 ~ 2) showed minor differences in the physichemical characteristics of water quality, phytoplankton, and zooplankton biomass, thus, allowing comparative analysis of feeding ecology. However, high water temperature conditions in Period1 ($25.6{\pm}2.0^{\circ}C$), affected the predation activity of the piscivorous fishes, Coreoperca herzi (C. herzi, size $89{\pm}4mm$). Survival rates of the prey fishes, Rhynchocypris oxycephalus (R. oxycephalus, size $29{\pm}1mm$), improved as the patch volume increased and were higher than those of the control group by 35.9 ~ 46.7%. Analysis showed that JFS reduced the chances of predator-prey encounter, and thereby minimized prey vulnerability.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.453-458
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• 2001

Guillain-Barre syndrome, or acute inflammatory demyelinating Polyradiculoneuropathy, is frequently accompanied by cardiac and autonomic dysfunction. We report a patient who had tachycardia, orthostatic hypotension, hypertension, pronounced blood pressure fluctuations, abnormal sweating, constipation and urinary frequency as well as qudriparesis. We thought that the GBS was incurred by Damp-Heat, used Heat-Clearing and Dampness-Transforming decoction(Chongjoo-tang) in the early stage. In the later stage, fortifying the Spleen and Boosting Qi plus Supplementing the Kidney decoction(Palmultang+chongawon) was used to remove low back pain and boost recovery. The patient reached the nadir 14 days after onset. He became bed-bound and autonomic dysfunction was very severe. From 3rd week, abnormalities of autonomic function and paresis impoved gradually and he could walk above 5m without walker or equivalent support at the 5th week after onset.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.105-113
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• 2017

Recently the direct injection diesel engine is the most efficient one available for road vehicles, so this fundamental advantage suggests the compression injection diesel engine are a wise choice for future development efforts. The compression ignition diesel engine, with its bigger compression ratios if compared to the SI engine, offers a higher thermodynamic efficiency, also additionally the diesel engine with its less pumping losses due to the throttled intake charge as in a SI engine has higher fuel economy. But the largest obstacle to the success of this engine is meeting emission standards for Nitric oxides and particulate matter while maintain fuel consumption advantage over currently available engines. Thus its use should be largely promoted, however, diesel engine emits more Nitric oxides and particulate matter than other competing one. There has been a trade-off between PM and NOx, so efforts to reduce NOx have increased PM and vice versa, but trap change this situation and better possibility emerge for treating NOx emission with engine related means, such as injection timing, equivalence ratio, charge composition, and engine speed. The common rail direct injection system is able to adjust the fuel injection timing in a compression ignition engine, so this electronically controlled injection system can reduce the formation of NOx gas without increase in soot. In this study it is designed and used the engine test bed which is installed with turbocharge and intercooler. In addition to equipped using CRDI by controlling injection timing with mapping modulator, it has been tested and analyzed the engine performance, combustion characteristics, and exhaust emission as operating parameters.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.624-628
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• 1998

초임계 이산화탄소내에서 방향족 유기용매(BTX)를 0.5% $Pt/{\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 촉매가 충전된 고정층 반응기를 이용하여 완전분해를 시도하였다. BTX의 전환율은 반응기 입구에서 유기용매의 농도와 초임계 이산화타소의 몰밀도에 의존하는데, 입구농도가 감소함에 따라 전환율은 크게 증가되었고, 일정한 입구농도에서 온도 증가에 따라 반응은 잘 진행되어 전환율이 증가됨을 알 수 있었다. 동일 온도에서 압력이 증가함에 따라 큰 전환율을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 실험조건 $300^{\circ}C$, 204.1 atm에서 benzene은 98.5% 이상의 전환율로 거의 완전산화 되었고, toluene과 xylene의 전환율은 $350^{\circ}C$, 204.1 atm의 조건에서 각각 82.0, 76.5%로 나타났다. 부분산화에 의한 중간생성물의 크로마토그램을 확인한 결과 중간생성물은 benzaldehyde, phenol, benzenemethanol 등으로 확인되었다. 충분한 산화반응 조건하에서 BTX가 중간생성물 없이 환경에 크게 영향을 미치지 않는 $CO_2$와 $H_2O$의 분해생성물로 분해가 가능한 것으로 판단되었다.