• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.382-388
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• 2014

Shortfin eel (Anguilla bicolor pacifica) is a species of commercial importance and its production is greatly affected due to the infection by Heterosporis anguillarum. In this study, we evaluated the effect of H. anguillarum infection on the growth of Shortfin eel. A disease that trunk muscle of cultured shortfin eel, Anguilla bicolor pacifica, were irregular and resulted in death, breakout of the commercial eel culture farm. We observed that the trunk muscle of infected eels were irregular and represented white or yellowish externally. Histopathologically, a great numbers of large or small spores and sporophorocysts were also observed in degenerated muscle layer. The cloning of specific gene of H. anguillarum, encoding small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU-rRNA) was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from the muscle lesion of diseased eel. The size of clone gene is well matched with the size of small subunit ribosomal RNA of H. anguillarum and thus confirming the infection by H. anguillarum.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.52
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• pp.11-40
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• 2017

This study analyzed individual-level and country-level factors affecting justification of domestic violence amid emerging social significance of family violence. For individual-level variables, prejudice against women in economic and social roles were used from the World Value Survey data. As for country-level variables, total of 36 countries were analyzed with indices that represents gender equality such as women's employment rate and democracy index. Women's employment rate was gathered from the Labour Market Database of the World Bank and democracy index was from the Economist Intelligence Unit. Results showed that both individual-level, prejudice against women in economic and social roles and country-level variables such as women's employment rate and democracy index had significant effects on justification of domestic violence. This result implies the importance of creating positive social culture which promotes positive attitudes towards perceptions of gender role and gender equality. As well, country-level endeavors to raise gender equality in employment deem important. Based on these findings, policy implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.196-209
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• 2018

This study is founded on banks' profitability factors. Unlike the previous study in terms of diversification of the banks' funding structure, this research performs multiple regression analysis during the entire period and examines the comparative analysis of before and after the financial crisis. the study establishes hypotheses by using the wholesale funding ratio as a key focus variable with 8 explanatory variables and the operating profit on assets as a profitability index. The Loan-deposit rate gap, the Number of stores and the Non-performing loan ratio prove to be a significant profitability factor for all periods of time. Korean banks are also more profitable when their the Loan-deposit rate gap get bigger and the Number of stores grows. The wholesale funding ratio is analyzed to have no statistically significant effect on the profitability of banks. Rather than being influenced by macroeconomic indicators, it is indicated that the situation of individual banks and other financial environments have been affected. And banks increase profitability as banks increase their loan after the financial crisis. The empirical analysis shows that profitability factors have periodical distinctions, and in this aspect, this research has implications. The study needs to be expanded to cover the entire domestic banking sector, in consideration of the profitability of the banking industry in the future.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.3-27
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• 1992

In 1988, the government provided to the low income people 34.1% of the stocks of Pohang Iron & Steel Company through the People's Share Program of Privatization for the first time, and then in 1989 21% of the share of the Korea Electric Power Corporation were also provided to the low income classes through the same way. The purpose of the People's Share Program was known to be to support the low income classes through participating the profit of public enterprises, and also to expand the capital market through the diversification of stock holding structure. Initially, the government planned that the government share of enterprises such as the Citizens National Bank, the Korea Telecommunication Authority would be sold to the low income classes through the People's Share Program step by step. The income support policy, however, was no longer driven after 1989 when the overall stock prices started to decline. In this paper we tried to measure the effect of the privatization scheme of the public enterprises through the People's Share Program. The problems of the People's Share Program of the Pohang Iron & Steel Commpany and the Korea Electric Power Corperation were also identified. Several implications of the privatization scheme of the public enterprise through the People's Share Program by stages were found. The People's Share Program was found to be a non-stable policy measure for the income support of low income classes. The efficiency impact of the privatization through the People's Share Program was found to be non-significant.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.193-203
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• 2014

Natural Monument is a designated cultural property as part of the country. According to Article 2 of the Cultural Properties Protection Act, a national, ethnic and global heritage artificially or naturally formed, with a great historical, artistic, scientific and landscape significance is defined as a cultural heritage. Animals, plants, topography, geology, minerals, caves, biological products and special natural phenomena, having a great of historic, scenic and scientific value, are defined as the monument. According to Article 3 of Cultural Properties Protection Act, the conservation, management and utilization of National Heritage should be kept intact in its original form. So, Natural monuments are managing as retained its original form under the Basic Principles of current law. The highest population of coniferous tree in natural monument plant is ginkgo tree including 22 objects, followed by pines, junipers that order. And in case of broadleaf tree, there are zelkova trees, retusa fringe trees, pagoda trees, cork oaks, silver magnolias and etc. There are many of reported efficacy in available natural monument plants. The efficacy of plant species on pharmaceutical like anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, antioxidant activity, neuroprotective, improves cholesterol, anti-inflammatory, liver protection and anti-bacterial efficacy, on cosmetics and beauty like the inhibiting formation of skin wrinkles, whitening effect, variety of materials and the efficacy of the proposed utilization of its various papers and etc have been widely reported. Before the Nagoya Protocol enters into force, the future role of the National Research Institute for Cultural Properties Administration of Cultural Heritage should be obtain a legal right to manage the social, cultural and national natural monument with emotional value to the plant genetic resource as a natural monument efficient ways to study and preserve traditional knowledge biological resources by securing a claim to the sovereignty of the material will be ready.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 1983

This experiment was carried out in order to study the effect of seasonal changes and location differences on the productivity of the native reed (Phragmites Communis Trinius). The samples of reed were taken at about 30-days interval from May to October, 1982, on the open field of the reclaimed land, the river bank and the tideland in Chonnam area, and measured the yield, the feed compositions and in vitro dry-matter digestibility(IVD). The results are summarized as follow: 1. Plant height was rapidly heightened in May and June, and the number of leaves rapidly increased from May to August. However, dry matter yield increased until September and gradually decreased thereafter. 2. In general, the content of crude protein and the in vitro dry matter digestibility decreased with ageing, and the content of fiber increased. 3. Considerable difference by location in the chemical composition including $SiO_2$, Ca and P was observed. 4. There was a significant negative correlation (p<0.05) between the content of crude protein and that of crude fiber. There was a significant positive correlation(p<0.05) between the in vitro dry-matter digestibility(IVD) by two-stage method and the content of crude protein, and also was a significant negative correlation(p<0.05) between the content of fiber and that of crude protein.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.15 no.4 s.48
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• pp.277-283
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• 2006

In this study, butane 100% was used as fuel to verify the real fuel effect such as vapor pressure variation due to temperature change. A MPI fuel injection system for V-6 engine, which has reverse 'L' type cross section to minimize the possibility of liquid phase injection, was composed and one bank was operated under sequential injection scheme. Flow rate were measured according to injection duration, interval, and pressure. Also occurring of liquid phase injection was monitored with varying vaporizer and fuel rail temperature. The result shows that basic characteristics of injection is a relatively difference between air and LPG injection. Under cold start condition, however, the occurrence of liquid injection becomes more severe as the pressure increases, and sufficiently high temperature both in vaporizer and fuel rail is very important to insure gaseous injection. In addition, the temperature of vaporizer plays more important role in keeping LPG vapor state and the reverse 'L' type cross section of the rail is available to prevent liquid injection.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2015

Background: Panax ginseng (i.e., ginseng) root is extensively used in traditional oriental medicine. It is a modern pharmaceutical reagent for preventing various human diseases such as cancer. Ginsenosidesd-the major active components of ginsengd-exhibit immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanism and function underlying such effects are not fully elucidated, especially in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Methods: We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng root on $CD14^+$ monocytes purified from human adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and on their differentiation into DCs that affect $CD4^+$ T cell activity. Results: After treatment with ginsenoside fractions, monocyte levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 increased through phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). After treatment with ginsenoside fractions, TNF-${\alpha}$ production and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK decreased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-sensitized monocytes.We confirmed that DCs derived from $CD14^+$ monocytes in the presence of ginsenoside fractions (Gin-DCs) contained decreased levels of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. The expression of these costimulatory molecules decreased in LPS-treated DCs exposed to ginsenoside fractions, compared to their expression in LPS-treated DCs in the absence of ginsenoside fractions. Furthermore, LPS-treated Gin-DCs could not induce proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) production by $CD4^+$ T cells with the coculture of Gin-DCs with $CD4^+$ T cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that ginsenoside fractions from the ginseng root suppress cytokine production and maturation of LPS-treated DCs and downregulate $CD4^+$ T cells.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2019

Despite the development of assisted reproduction technologies (ART) including in vitro fertilization (IVF), the poor ovarian response and endometrial receptivity remains clinically a major unmet need. Although these problems are difficulties to solve in infertility treatment, there are no good therapeutic option yet. Traditional herbal remedies and acupuncture, therefore are being proposed as alternative treatment. Our group found that traditional herbal medicines such as Paeonia lactiflora L.(PL, 芍藥), Cyperus rotundus L.(CR, 香附子), and Perilla frutescens (PF, 紫蘇葉) could improve endometrial receptivity. In this study, we found out Yeosin-san (如神散) as an optimal herbal formula via combination of the previously established herbal medicines. Yeosin-san is a traditional Korean medical formula which was established by Ziming Jin (陳自明) and recorded in Furendaiquanliangfang (婦人大全良方) at first. The formula traditionally used for treating abnormal uterine bleeding and leukorrhea. It showed a highest effect on leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression and on the adhesion between trophoblastic cells and endometrial cells. In addition, it has been shown that the Yeosin-san not only increases the endometrial receptivity to improve the embryo implantation but also enhances the ovary function by expressing the angiogenesis-related genes. Here we suggest that Yeosin-san could be a novel and effective candidate for treating female infertility.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2021

Recently, the financial industry has seen a dramatic change due to the development of innovative technologies such as FinTech, but there is a lack of research on the digital level of financial institution workers. This study analyzes factors that affect the willingness of financial institution workers to accept digital innovation and to examine the relationship between acceptance intention and business performance. Based on the theoretical basis of UTAUT, independent variables were divided into internal expectations, external influences, facilitation conditions, and employment risks. Survey data of 100 bankers at N bank were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS 18. Studies have shown that internal expectations and external influences have positive effects on the acceptance intention of financial institution workers, and that facilitation conditions, employment risks do not. This study found a significant relationship between acceptance intention and business performance and confirming that acceptance intention has a direct and indirect impact on business performance. Study findings could be a reference to enhancing the willingness to accept digital innovation technologies and developing ways to improve business performance by validating factors that affect the willingness of financial institution workers to accept digital innovation.