Journal of Ginseng Research

The Korean Society of Ginseng (고려인삼학회)
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Ginsenoside fractions regulate the action of monocytes and their differentiation into dendritic cells

  • Lee, Yeo Jin (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Son, Young Min (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Gu, Min Jeong (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Song, Ki-Duk (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Park, Sung-Moo (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Song, Hyo Jin (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kang, Jae Sung (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Woo, Jong Soo (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University) ;
  • Jung, Jee Hyung (College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University) ;
  • Yang, Deok-Chun (Korean Ginseng Center and Ginseng Genetic Resource Bank, Kyung Hee University) ;
  • Han, Seung Hyun (Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, DRI, and BK21 Plus Program, Seoul National University) ;
  • Yun, Cheol-Heui (Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University)
  • Received : 2014.07.10
  • Accepted : 2014.07.16
  • Published : 2015.01.15
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Abstract

Background: Panax ginseng (i.e., ginseng) root is extensively used in traditional oriental medicine. It is a modern pharmaceutical reagent for preventing various human diseases such as cancer. Ginsenosidesd-the major active components of ginsengd-exhibit immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanism and function underlying such effects are not fully elucidated, especially in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Methods: We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng root on $CD14^+$ monocytes purified from human adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and on their differentiation into DCs that affect $CD4^+$ T cell activity. Results: After treatment with ginsenoside fractions, monocyte levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 increased through phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). After treatment with ginsenoside fractions, TNF-${\alpha}$ production and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK decreased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-sensitized monocytes.We confirmed that DCs derived from $CD14^+$ monocytes in the presence of ginsenoside fractions (Gin-DCs) contained decreased levels of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. The expression of these costimulatory molecules decreased in LPS-treated DCs exposed to ginsenoside fractions, compared to their expression in LPS-treated DCs in the absence of ginsenoside fractions. Furthermore, LPS-treated Gin-DCs could not induce proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) production by $CD4^+$ T cells with the coculture of Gin-DCs with $CD4^+$ T cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that ginsenoside fractions from the ginseng root suppress cytokine production and maturation of LPS-treated DCs and downregulate $CD4^+$ T cells.

Keywords

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