• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.45-63
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• 2021

This paper investigates the effects of China's participation in global value chains (GVC) on the productivities focusing on the manufacturing industries. In this study, several indicators of participation in global value chains were used. These include GVC participation, forward GVC participation, backward GVC participation and GVC position index. In particular, we used the data obtained from 18 manufacturing industries in China during 15 years from 2000 to 2014. The main results of the analysis are as follows. First, the higher the degree of total participation in GVC, the higher the productivity. This means that with the increase in exports and imports of intermediate goods, productivity has increased through technology spillover effects or competition effects, and so on. Second, the backward participation does not increase the productivities significantly while forward participation leads higher productivity. Third, the productivity improvement effects of GVC participation was larger in the high-tech industries than in the low-tech industries. These results show that GVC participation was helpful for the economic growth of China and the efforts for moving toward upstream production stage in GVC is necessary for the improvement of international competitiveness in Chinese manufacturing industry.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.95-112
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• 2021

The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) signed by the 15 Asian countries in 2020 forms the world's largest free trading bloc. Using data for the period 2001 - 2019, this study evaluates global value chains (GVCs) among the RCEP members, with a primary focus on GVC backward participation which involves imports intermediates embodied in exports. This study finds that the RCEP's intra-regional linkages, particularly with the ASEAN members, are significantly higher than its extra-regional linkages in trade and GVC backward participation. Among the individual RCEP member countries, Korea is found to have a particularly strong intra-regional linkages with the ASEAN members in both trade and GVC participation.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.269-282
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• 2019

This study analyzes the effects of participation in the global production network on the income inequality using panel data from 2005 to 2016 for 63 countries. In this study were used fixed effects model with autocorrelation, random effect model with autocorrelation and the GLS method. Results are as follows: First, the economic development level supports the Kuznets hypothesis. And then, the forward participation in global value chains increased income inequality, and the backward participation decreased income inequality. In order to derive more detailed estimation results, we analyzed OECD countries and non-OECD countries. First, OECD countries featured decreased, but increased beyond a certain level as a U-shaped curve, that did not support the Kuznets hypothesis. In contrast, non-OECD countries followed the Kuznets U-curve. Second, participation in the global production network showed that both OECD and non-OECD countries featured increased income inequality. In contrast, backward participation appears to mitigate income inequality both in OECD and non-OECD countries. Finally, the ratio of labor and capital is significant in mitigating income inequality in non-OECD countries in which they feature backward participation in production networks. This can be interpreted as developing economies participate in the global production network due to increased capital accumulation and increased the labor productivity.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.25-44
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• 2021

This paper analyzes the impact of the recent change in global value chain on the productivity of manufacturing sectors and firms in Chungnam area using ADB MRIO. Forward participation significantly increases sector productivity in Chungnam area and backward participation affects the sector productivity after 2015. In the analysis for firm productivity in Chungnam area, GVC participation does not enhance the productivity of firms in Chungnam area. However, firms in the top 25% of productivity in 2007 improved their productivity with higher GVC participation and the productivity of firms in the top 25% of asset in 2007 was positively affected by forward pariticipation and negatively affected by backward participation. The productivity of firms that were in international market in 2007 was significantly worsened by GVC participation.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.93-119
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• 2023

This study analyzes the impact of global value chain (GVC) participation on inflation in South Korea and China using OLS regression analysis. It compares the results before and after the global financial crisis. The findings are as follows: Firstly, the GVC participation of both South Korea and China negatively affects their inflation rates. When analyzing the GVC participation separately for forward and backward participation, it was observed that the forward participation of both countries negatively influences inflation. However, the backward participation of South Korea and China positively impacts inflation. Secondly, after the global financial crisis, there were differences in the analysis results for South Korea and China. The influence of GVC participation on inflation was not statistically significant for both countries. However, when analyzing the impact of forward and backward participation separately, China showed mostly insignificant effects on most inflation indicators. In contrast, South Korea's forward and backward participation seemed to have an expanding effect on inflation. This may be attributed to China's attempt to shift external demand to domestic demand and replace imported intermediate goods with domestic products, leading to a reduction in the impact of GVC participation. On the other hand, South Korea continued to show a relatively low decrease in GVC participation after the global financial crisis, indicating that the impact on inflation remains significant.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.153-169
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• 2020

This study compares and analyzes the effects of GVC participation on export competitiveness in manufacturing and service industry in 36 OECD countries and 28 non-OECD countries. According to the statistical analysis result, the GVC participation had a negative impact on export competitiveness in manufacturing industry, while it had a positive impact in the service industry. In the case of the manufacturing industry, participation toward the backward GVC had a positive impact on export competitiveness before the financial crisis, besides, participation toward the forward GVC had a positive impact on export competitiveness. In the case of the service industry, export competitiveness through forward GVC participation has increased since the financial crisis has occurred, and backward GVC participation was estimated to have a negative impact on export competitiveness. The results of this study implies that, to secure export competitiveness, a converged approach of the manufacturing and service industries to upgrade the global value chain is needed.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.22-46
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• 2023

Purpose - study aims to investigate the relationships between global value chain (GVC)- and transportation-related determinants and economic performance. Also, moderating effects of COVID-19 on the relationships are theoretically and empirically discussed. A limitation of previous studies includes their over-reliance on the opportunities of GVC participation and larger transportation. This study represents the challenges associated with them. Also, it shows how GVC and logistics can be difficult in case of a market fluctuation such as COVID-19. Design/methodology - The sample for this study includes 828 observations from 138 countries. A semi-panel data set has been used. Six observations for each country are used to empirically test the hypotheses and a Two-way cluster model is conducted. Findings - It is confirmed that GVC forward participation contributes more than the backward participation to enhance performance. Transportation infrastructure is critical, but large scales of marine and air transportations are not positive in terms of economic performance. Stricter government response to COVID-19 negatively moderates economic performance by GVC backward participation and transportation infrastructure. Originality/value - The spread of COVID-19 is causing a severe collapse of GVC and transportation. This study empirically verifies the moderating effects of the government stringency on GVC and transportation. Previous studies usually discuss a positive impact of GVC and transportation size on economic performance. However, this study aims to show various challenges behind GVC participation and large scale transportation.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.297-318
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop a high school home economics financial consumer education program based on backward design and validation by experts. The program was designed and developed by first selecting learning content elements through a review of existing research and an analysis of relevant literature. The next step was to categorize these elements into seven themes and apply the backward design instructional design model 2.0. The program was prepared in the form of a 21st teaching-learning course plan and workbook and was verified by nine home economics teachers with working experience in high school. The evaluation revealed that the average value for all questions was 3.81 (out of 4 points) and the CVR was .99, indicating that the program was valid. In addition, positive evaluations were received in terms of learning goals, content level, and learner participation by class. This study has significance in that a systematic financial consumer education program was developed by Education of Home Economics to improve the financial literacy of high school students. It can therefore be used as an elective course (mini-course) in Home Economics in the high school credit system. A follow-up study will be required to assess the improvement in financial literacy after implementing this program.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.9-17
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• 2021

As interest in vocational competency development projects increases, support is increasing. In this study, in order to study ways to improve participation in vocational competency development training, related factors are selected and the main factors influencing them are derived. The main factors were influencing factors were identified and ways to improve participation rate of vocational competency development were studied. Variables were selected through prior research, and data were collected and analyzed through in-depth group interviews. Based on factor analysis and reliability analysis, as a result of confirming the factors that influence the plan for improving participation in vocational competency development training by applying the backward stage selection (condition) method of logistic regression analysis, the case of respect for minorities in the 7-point Likert scale The closer to 7 was, the higher the probability of being classified as having never participated, and the other factors except minority respect, Likert scale closer to 7 indicates higher probability of bening classified as having never participated, except for the minority respect factor. Therefore, it was confirmed that lowering the scale of the factor of respect for minority, which is job satisfaction, and increasing the factors of individual characteristics such as annual salary and organizational commitment, training system for job satisfaction, and quality assurance have effects on improving participation rates in vocational competency development training.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.75-94
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• 2021

Purpose - This article will take the Korean manufacturing industry as an example to estimate Korea's global value chain status from the perspective of overall and sub-industry, hoping to provide a theoretical reference for Korean manufacturing to climb the global value chain. Design/methodology - Based on the WIOD data. The data is calculated by using MATLAB (2014a) coding. The data for 6 sectors are classified according to the International Standard Industrial Classification revision 3 (ISIC Rev. 3), the WIOD data are used to calculate and compare the position, participation and dynamics of the Korea, China and USA' manufacturing industry in the 1995-2016. Findings - The empirical results supported conclusions of the theoretical model. In the Korean GVC of electrical and optical sector, while stronger forward linkages than backward linkages to GVC are advantageous for an average advanced country, the benefits of downstream tasks are pronounced for non-advanced countries. And proved the correlation for an index to capture a country's upstream position or downstream position, it makes sense to compare that Korea's exports of intermediates in the same sector that are used by China and USA. Originality/value - The first is to re-examine the characteristics of South Korea's participation in global value chains under a more systematic and accurate theoretical framework, which provides a new empirical reference for related research; the second is to content covers of the manufacturing 6 sectors, so as to more completely describe the characteristics of Korean manufacturing's participation in global value chains; The value of this paper is providing empirical evidence of the effect of Korea's the GVC of manufacturing sectors. In the GVC of 6 sectors, first three have a higher position in the value chain and are in the upper middle and upper reaches of the GVC. The latter two have a low GVC position index, which has become the main sector that pulls down the overall position of Korea's manufacturing industry.