• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.506-512
• /
• 1995

A cell aggregation factor produced by Aspergillus sp. LAM 94-142 was purified and partially characterized. The factor was purified about 15 folds from culture broth by IRA 420 and IRC 120 treatment, 1% NaCl added acetone precipitation, and Sepharose 4B column chromatography with overall yield of 48%. It was heteropolysaccharide consisted of mannose, arabinose, and glucose with a molar ratio, 31:17:2, and its molecular weight was estimated to be about 900,000 daltons by Sepharodse 4B gel filtration method. The optimum pH and temperature was 8 and 40$\circ$C, respectively. The factor was stable in pH range of 3-9 and at 100$\circ$C for 90 min. The cell aggregation activity of the factor was inhibited by the addition of Hg$^{2+}$, Fe$^{2+}$, Cu$^{2+}$, and some polypeptides such as milk casein or hemoglobin. The factor aggregated Bacillus subtilis, B. macerans, B. turingiensis, E. coli, Peudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, P. malophilia, and weakly aggregated Staphylococcus sp., Sarcina lutea, P. putida and Cryptococcus neoformnans, but it didn't aggregate various strains of Candida sp. and Saccharomyces sp.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.933-937
• /
• 2014

A derivative of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) has been used for the preparation of tuberculosis vaccines. To establish a Korean tuberculosis vaccine derived from BCG-Pasteur $1173P_2$, genome sequencing of a BCG-Korea strain was completed by Joung and coworkers. A comparison analysis of the genome sequences of the BCG-Pasteur $1173P_2$ and BCG-Korea strains showed marginal increases in the total genome length (~0.05%) and the number of genes (~4%) in the BCG-Korea genome. However, how the genomic changes affect the BCG-Korea protein expression levels remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence of the proteomic alterations in the BCG-Korea strain by using a SWATH-based mass spectrometric approach (Sequential Window Acquisition of all THeoretical mass spectra). Twenty BCG proteins were selected by top-rank identification in the BCG proteome analysis and the proteins were quantified by the SWATH method. Thirteen of 20 proteins showing significant changes were enough to discriminate between the two BCG proteomes. The SWATH method is very straightforward and provides a promising approach owing to its strong reliability and reproducibility during the proteomic analysis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.10
• /
• pp.1477-1482
• /
• 2001

Research in low cost feeds with high nutritional value and immunogenicity is important to reduce production cost and increase yields in the shrimp industry. In this study, immunostimulants of bacterial origin (peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharides) and egg white were incorporated in shrimp diets as feed additives to determine the growth, survival and tolerance of Penaeus monodon to white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Although the results obtained were not statistically significant (p>0.05) among the treatments, shrimp fed with bacterial additives and egg white showed higher weight gain, specific growth rate and survival than those fed on commercial shrimp diet. Shrimp fed with artificial diet showed 100% mortality when challenged with WSSV. However, shrimp fed on peptidoglycan supplemented diet had higher survival than their counterpart, whereas shrimp fed on egg white supplemented diet had a higher specific growth rate and better tolerance when challenged with WSSV. Further studies are required to determine the effectiveness and optimization of bacterial strains and egg white as feed additives to increase production and enhance the shrimp immune response to diseases.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.79-89
• /
• 1978

The RK-temperate phage which infected with Bacillus cereus was isolated and the characters were investigated. The induction of RK-temperate phage from host bacterium attained by ultraviolet light irradiation (15W, 30cm, 30-120sec) and mitomycin C treatment (0.2-2 ug/ml). The host range of RK-temperate phage was not revealed with lysogenic and related strains of B. cereus. But B. cereus(PS) 352 which obtained by N-nitrosoguanidine treatment(1,000.$\mu$g/ml) to phage infected with host bacteria was sensitive bacteria of RK-temperate phage. RK-temperate phage was stabilized at the condition of nutrient broth (pH 7-8), Tris-buffer (pH 7-8) and ammonium buffer (pH 8-9) and Sorensen's phosphate buffer (pH 6-7), but unstabilized at other salt solutions and pH range. Also, thermostability was to 45.deg.C but unstabilized at above 50.deg.C. At RK-temperate phage, the measurment values of head, neck, mid tail and end tail were 59nm, 9*16nm, 10*189nm, and 10*14nm respectively. The morphology of head was regular polyhedron, and the end tail was coneate form. On the one hand, the number of capsid protein layer of tail were consist of 4, 35, and 1 at neck, mid tail, and end tail, respectively. RK-temperate phage was identified with DNA phage and G+C contents were 38.63. The latent time of RK-temperate phage was 30 minutes and the burst size was 70-80. And the host bacteria was lysed in case of multi-infection, above moi 1.

• Journal of Species Research
• /
• v.5 no.2
• /
• pp.235-240
• /
• 2016

To investigate the indigenous prokaryotic species diversity in Korea, various environmental samples from diverse ecosystems were examined taxonomically. The isolated bacterial strains were identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, and those exhibiting at least 98.7% sequence similarity with known bacterial species but never reported in Korea were selected as unrecorded species. As an outcome of this study, 10 unrecorded bacterial species belonging to the phylum Firmicutes were discovered from various sources such as soil, tidal flat, fresh water, sea water, kimchi and gut of Fulvia mutica. The unrecorded species were assigned to 7 different genera of 5 families, namely Bacillus and Ornithinibacillus of Bacillaceae, Exiguobacterium of Exiguobacteriaceae, Brevibacillus and Paenibacillus of Paenibacillaceae, Staphylococcus of Staphylococcaceae, and Lactococcus of Streptococcaceae. The selected isolates were subjected to further taxonomic characterization including the analysis of Gram reaction, cellular and colonial morphology, biochemical activities, and phylogenetic trees. The descriptive information on the 10 unrecorded species are provided.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.25-29
• /
• 2007

A newly synthesized Nickel (II) tyrosine complex was screened as potential antimicrobial agent against a number of medically important bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus ${\beta}$-haemolytica, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenterae) and fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium sp.) strains. were used for antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the Agar Disc method. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the complexes was determined against the same pathogenic bacteria and the values were found between $4{\sim}64\;{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$. Brine shrimp bioassay was carried out for cytotoxicity measurements of the complexes. The $LC_{50}$ values were calculated after probit transformation of the resulting mortality data and found to be 6 ${\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.65-71
• /
• 2001

A gene from Paenibacillus sp. KCTC 8848P encoding ${\beta}-amylase$ was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The Paenibacillus ${\beta}-amylase$ gene cosisted of a 2,409-bp open reading frame without a translational stop codon, encoding a protein of 803 amino acids. The presumed ribosime-binding site, GGAGG, was located 10 bp upstream from the TTG initiation codon. The deduced amino acid sequence of the ${\beta}-amylase$ gene had a 95% similarity to the ${\beta}-amylase$ of Bacillus firmus. The ${\beta}-amylase$ gene was introduced into wild-type strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a linearized yeast integrating vector containing a geneticin resistance gene and its product was secreted into the culture medium.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.151-167
• /
• 2000

Objective : The aim of this study is to determine the antimutagenic effect and genetic safety of Buthus martensi Karsch aqua-acupuncture solution(BMKAS) against various chemical carcinogens. Method : Ames(Salmonella typhimurium) test and Rec assay(Bacillus subtilis) were used as indicators for DNA damage and antimutagenesis. Furthermore, the levels of umu operon expression by measuring the ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity wete monitored with the SOS umu test using S. typhimurium 1535 containing plasmid pSK1002. And the host-mediated assay was used to investigate the mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of BMKAS inducing various chemical carcinogens after the activation with in vivo metabolic systems. Results : From the results, BMKAS did not atfect DNA of S. typhimurium and B. subtilis strains and showed no mutagenicity at the all concentrations of tested solution. Furthermore BMKAS dose-dependently protected the mutagenecity by AF-2, 2-AA and B[a]P. These phenomena was also similar to that after metabolic activation of BMKAS in in vivo system. Conclusion : These results suggested that BMKAS did not show the mutagenicity and protected the mutagenesis against various chemical carcinogens by four different methods used in this study.

• Biomedical Science Letters
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.270-274
• /
• 2018

Chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) gas is a neutral chlorine compound. $ClO_2$ gas was proven to effectively decontaminate different environments, such as hospital rooms, ambulances, biosafety level 3 laboratories, and cafeterias. In this study, to evaluate the effects of $ClO_2$ gas, bacteria of clinical importance were applied. Staphylococci, Streptococci and Bacillus strains were applied and Klebsiella, and others e.g., Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Serratia were also done for the inhibitory analysis. Bacteria plates were applied with a hygiene stick, namely, "FarmeTok (Medistick/Puristic)" to produce $ClO_2$. $ClO_2$-releasing hygiene stick showed the very strong inhibition of bacterial growth but had different inhibitions to the bacteria above 96.7% except for MRSA of 90% inhibition. It is difficult to explain why the MRSA were not inhibited less than others at this point. It can be only suggested that more releasing $ClO_2$ should be essential to kill or inhibit the MRSA. B. subtilis, S. agalactiae, S. pyogenes, E. coli O157:H7, S. typhi (S. enterica serotype typhi) and S. marcesence were inhibited over 99%. This study will provide fundamental data to research growth inhibition by $ClO_2$ gas with bacteria of clinical importance value.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.314-327
• /
• 1999

This study was investigated to isolate identify the total bacteria and fungi from the indoor air of work-place of the shoes, paint, stainless steel, and plastic industries. The number of bacterial colonies on the nutrient agar plates were calculated by the open petridish method for 30 minutes in indoor air of work-places at the autumn and winter. The isolated bacteria were identified by Gram stain and biochemical test using API Staph and API 20E kits. The isolated fungal colonies were identified by gross appearance of the giant colonies and microscopic examination of their spore and hyphal characteristics on the slide culture method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of several antibiotics against isolated bacteria was determined by the microdilution method with Mueller-Hinton broth. The 70-400 colonies in autumn and 54-236 colonies in winter were isolated from the indoor air of work-places of several industry. The isolation rates of Gram positive cocci, Gram positive bacilli, Gram negative bacilli, and Gram negative cocci were 46.3%, 19.8%, 17.3%, and 16.1%, respectively. In Gram positive cocci, the most strains were identified as Aerococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, and Staphylococcus spp. In Gram positive and negative bacilli, and Gram negative cocci were identified as Bacillus spp, Pseudomonas spp, and Neisseria spp, respectively. The frequently isolated fungi were Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp and Rhizopus spp, respectively. The frequently isolated Aerococcus spp, Micrococcus spp, and Staphylococus spp were highly resistance against ampicillin, erythromycin, methicillin, and tetracycline. These results arouse our attention to microbiologic pollution in the indoor air of work-places of industries.