Biomedical Science Letters (대한의생명과학회지)

The Korean Society for Biomedical Laboratory Sciences (대한의생명과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Growth Inhibitory Effects of Chlorine Dioxide on Bacteria

  • Song, Kyoung-Ju (Purgofarm Co. Ltd) ;
  • Jung, Suk-Yul (Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Molecular Diagnosis Research Institute, Namseoul University)
  • Received : 2018.08.07
  • Accepted : 2018.08.23
  • Published : 2018.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) gas is a neutral chlorine compound. $ClO_2$ gas was proven to effectively decontaminate different environments, such as hospital rooms, ambulances, biosafety level 3 laboratories, and cafeterias. In this study, to evaluate the effects of $ClO_2$ gas, bacteria of clinical importance were applied. Staphylococci, Streptococci and Bacillus strains were applied and Klebsiella, and others e.g., Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella, Serratia were also done for the inhibitory analysis. Bacteria plates were applied with a hygiene stick, namely, "FarmeTok (Medistick/Puristic)" to produce $ClO_2$. $ClO_2$-releasing hygiene stick showed the very strong inhibition of bacterial growth but had different inhibitions to the bacteria above 96.7% except for MRSA of 90% inhibition. It is difficult to explain why the MRSA were not inhibited less than others at this point. It can be only suggested that more releasing $ClO_2$ should be essential to kill or inhibit the MRSA. B. subtilis, S. agalactiae, S. pyogenes, E. coli O157:H7, S. typhi (S. enterica serotype typhi) and S. marcesence were inhibited over 99%. This study will provide fundamental data to research growth inhibition by $ClO_2$ gas with bacteria of clinical importance value.

Keywords

References

  1. Banach JL, van Overbeek LS, Nierop Groot MN, van der Zouwen PS, van der Fels-Klerx HJ. Efficacy of chlorine dioxide on Escherichia coli inactivation during pilot-scale fresh-cut lettuce processing. Int J Food Microbiol. 2018. In press.
  2. Gomez-Lopez VM, Rajkovic A, Ragaert P, Smigic N, Devlieghere F. Chlorine dioxide for minimally processed produce preservation: a review. Trends Food Sci Technol. 2009. 20: 17-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2008.09.005
  3. Hsu CS, Lu MC, Huang DJ. Effect of gaseous chlorine dioxide on student cafeteria bioaerosols. Clean. 2014. 42: 12-19.
  4. Lowe JJ, Gibbs SG, Iwen PC, Smith PW. A case study on decontamination of a biosafety level-3 laboratory and associated ductwork within an operational building using gaseous chlorine dioxide. J Occup Environ Hyg. 2012. 9: 196-205. https://doi.org/10.1080/15459624.2012.733592
  5. Lowe JJ, Hewlett AL, Iwen PC, Smith PW, Gibbs SG. Evaluation of ambulance decontamination using gaseous chlorine dioxide. Prehosp Emerg Care. 2013. 17: 401-408. https://doi.org/10.3109/10903127.2013.792889
  6. Lowe JJ, Gibbs SG, Iwen PC, Smith PW, Hewlett AL. Impact of chlorine dioxide gas sterilization on nosocomial organism viability in a hospital room. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013. 10: 2596-2605. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph10062596
  7. Lim KB, Boey LP, Khatijah M. Gram's-stained microscopy in the etiological diagnosis of Malassezia (Pityrosporon) folliculitis. Arch Dermatol. 1988. 124: 492.
  8. Luftman HS, Regits MA, Lorcheim P, Czarneski MA, Boyle T, Aceto H, allap B, Munro D, Faylor K. Chlorine dioxide gas decontamination of large animal hospital intensive and neonatal care units. Appl Biosaf. 2006. 11: 144-154. https://doi.org/10.1177/153567600601100306
  9. Luftman HS, Regits MA, Lorcheim P, Lorcheim K, Paznek D. Validation study for the use of chlorine dioxide gas as a decontaminant for biological safety cabinets. Appl Biosaf. 2008. 13: 199-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/153567600801300403
  10. Ma JW, Huang BS, Hsu CW, Peng CW, Cheng ML, Kao JY, Way TD, Yin HC, Wang SS. Efficacy and safety evaluation of a chlorine dioxide solution. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017. 14: E329. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14030329
  11. Morino H, Fukuda T, Miura T, Lee C, Shibata T, Sanekata T. Inactivation of feline calicivirus, a norovirus surrogate, by chlorine dioxide gas. Biocontrol Sci. 2009. 14: 147-153. https://doi.org/10.4265/bio.14.147
  12. Ofori I, Maddila S, Lin J, Jonnalagadda SB. Chlorine dioxide oxidation of Escherichia coli in water - A study of the disinfection kinetics and mechanism. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2017. 52: 598-606. https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529.2017.1293993
  13. Ogata N, Shibata T. Protective effect of low-concentration chlorine dioxide gas against influenza A virus infection. J Gen Virol. 2008. 89: 60-67. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.83393-0
  14. Sanekata T, Fukuda T, Miura T, Morino H, Lee C, Maeda K, Araki K, Otake T, Kawahata T, Shibata T. Evaluation of the antiviral activity of chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite against feline calicivirus, human influenza virus, measles virus, canine distemper virus, human herpesvirus, human adenovirus, canine adenovirus and canine parvovirus. Biocontrol Sci. 2010. 15: 45-49. https://doi.org/10.4265/bio.15.45
  15. Song KJ, Jung SY. Biocidal effects of chlorine dioxide on isolated and identified pathogens from nosocomial environmentbiochemical and technical convergence. J Digit Converg. 2017. 15: 339-344.
  16. Van Haute S, Tryland I, Escudero C, Vanneste M, Sampers I. Chlorine dioxide as water disinfectant during fresh-cut iceberg lettuce washing: Disinfectant demand, disinfection efficiency, and chlorite formation. LWT-Food Sci Technol. 2017. 75: 301-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.09.002
  17. Vogt H, Balej J, Bennett JE, Wintzer P, Sheikh SA, Gallone P, Vasudevan S, Pelin K. Chlorine oxides and chlorine oxygen acids, Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH. 2010.
  18. Wang T, Wu J, Qi J, Hao L, Yi Y, Zhang Z. Kinetics of inactivation of Bacillus subtilis subsp. niger spores and Staphylococcus albus on paper by chlorine dioxide gas in an enclosed space. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2016. 82: 3061-3069. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03940-15