• Journal of Science of Art and Design
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• v.8
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• pp.161-184
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• 2005

Traditionally, Korean ink painting used paper as a background medium. This tradition has sought a new attempt to meet today's demands while its expressive techniques and mediums become more diverse. The attempt of Korean ink painting to explore new mediums could change both its structure and style when considering the significance of the medium in the work. These new attempts have encouraged a further study of 'Korean Traditional Paper'. Today, 'Korean Traditional Paper' is considered to be an object itself rather than just being a background. In other words, there is no implication of a separation between the medium 'Korean Traditional Paper' and the work. Instead, the medium itself becomes the work. Therefore, 'Korean Traditional Paper' is not only a 'background' that contains the artist's desire to express, but at the same time also an 'object'. This study focuses on the attributes of 'Korean Traditional Paper' as an object, examines how this is visually applied in contemporary Korean ink painting in the relation to 'Korean Beauty', and reviews the work of some artists that use Korean Traditional Paper. The use of Korean Traditional Paper as an object first began with the experimental techniques of Lee , Eung-Noh and Kwon, Young-Woo in the 1960s, Then it seemed to stop for a while in the 1970s and 1980s until there was a renewed interest in the material personality of Korean Traditional Paper with the birth of the 'Korean Traditional Paper Artists Association' in the 1990s. This interest increased and Korean Traditional Paper was earnestly adopted by artists like Yim, Hyo Lee, Ki-Sook Won, Moon-Ja and Choi, Moo-Young, who used the paper in Broussonetia, the previous fibered state of rice paper. Here, the expression of the object through the characteristics of Korean Traditional Paper is a visual experiment to discover Korea's traditional art mediums that were forgotten once, focusing on the manifestation of Korean Beauty through Korean Traditional Paper. In this respect, this attempt has a valuable meaning in its use with a contemporary visual sense , based on the Korean sense of beauty.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 1999

Purpose : This study evaluated early bowel complications in cervix cancer patients, following external radiotherapy (ERT and high dose rate intracavitary radiation (HDR ICR). Factors affecting the risk of developing early bowel complications and its incidence are analyzed and discussed Materials and Methods : The study is the retrospective review of 66 patients who received radiotherapy at Chungbuk National University Hospital from April 1994 to December 1998. The patients underwent 41.4 or 50.4 Gy ERT according to FIGO stage and tumor size, then A point dose was boosted to 71.4 or 74.4 Gy using a remotely controlled afterloading Buchler HDR ICR. The EORTC/RTOG morbidity criteria were used to grade early bowel complications, which are valid from day 1, the commencement of therapy, through day 90. The actuarial incidence, severity of complications were investigated and clinical pretreatment factors relevant to complications were found through univariate (Wilcoxon) and multivariate (Cox proportional hazard model) analysis. Results : Of the 66 patients, 30 patients (46$\%$) developed early bowel complications; 25 patients (38$\%$) with grade 1 or 2, 4 patients (0$\%$) with grade 3 and 1 patient (2$\%$) with grade 4. The complications usually began to occur 3 weeks after the commencement of radiotherapy. The actuarial incidence of early bowel complications was 41$\%$ at 10 weeks. The early bowel complications were associated significantly with an old age and a history of previous abdomino-pelvic surgery. All three patients who had a protracted overall treatment time (about 2 weeks) due to severe bowel complication, suffered from pelvic recurrences. Conclusion : Forty six percent of patients experienced early bowel complications, most of which were grade 1 or 2 and relieved spontaneously or by medication. The patients with an old age or a previous surgery have a high probability of early complications and they may be less compliant with planned radiotherapy. So more careful precaution is necessary for these patients.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.223-259
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• 2020

With COVID-19 spreading rapidly around the world, research and development issues on treatments and vaccines for the virus are of high interest. Among them, Remdesivir was the first to show noticeable therapeutic effects and began clinical trials, with each country authorizing the use of the drug through emergency approval. However, Gilead Co., Ltd., the developer of Remdesivir, received a lot of criticism from civic groups for submitting the application for the marketing authorization as an orphan drug. This is because when a new drug got a marketing authorization as an orphan drug could be granted an exclusive status for seven year. The long-term exclusive status of an orphan drug comes from the policy purpose of motivating pharmaceutical companies to develop treatment opportunities for patients suffering from rare diseases, which was not appropriate to apply to infectious disease treatments. This paper provides a review of the problems and improvement directions of the domestic system through comparative legal consideration against the United States, Europe and Japan for the statutes which give exclusive status to medicines. The domestic system has a fundamental problem that it does not have explicit provisions in the statute in the manner of granting exclusive status, and that it uses the review system to give it exclusive status indirectly. In addition, in the case of orphan drugs, the "Rare Diseases Management Act" and the "Regulations on Examination of Items Permission and Reporting of Drugs" provide overlapping review periods, and despite the relatively long monopoly period, there seems to be no check clause to recover exclusive status in the event of a change in circumstances. Given that biopharmaceuticals are difficult to obtain patents, the lack of such provisions is a pity of domestic legislation, although granting exclusive rights may be a great motivation to induce drug development. In the United States, given that the first biosimilar also has a one-year monopoly period, it can be interpreted that domestic legislation is quite strictly limited to granting exclusive status to biopharmaceuticals. The need for improvement of the domestic system will be recognized in that it could undermine local pharmaceutical companies' willingness to develop biopharmaceuticals in the future, and in that it is also necessary to harmonize international regulations. Taking advantage of the emergence of COVID-19 as an opportunity, we look again at the problems of the domestic system that grants exclusive rights to medicines and hope that an overall revision of the relevant legislation will be made to establish a unified legal basis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.2 s.69
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• pp.253-260
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• 2005

Mitotic centromere-associated kinesin (MCAK), which is a member of the Kin I (internal motor domain) subfamily of kinesin-related proteins, is known to play a role in mitotic segregation of chromosome during M phase of the cell cycle. In the present study, we have produced a rat polyclonal antibody using human MCAK (HsMCAK) expressed in E. coli as the antigen. The antibody specifically recognized the HsMCAK protein (81 kDa), and could detect its nuclear localization in human Jurkat T cells and 293T cells by Western blot analysis. The specific stage of the cell cycle was obtained through blocking by either hydroxyl urea or nocodazole and subsequent releasing from each blocking for 2, 4, and 7 h. While the protein level of HsMCAK reached a maximum level in the S phase with slight decline in the $G_{2}-M$ phase, the electrophoretic mobility shift from $p81^{MCAK}\;to\;p84^{MCAK}$ began to be induced in the late S phase and reached a maximum level in the $G_{2}/M $ phase, and then it disappeared as the cells enter into the $G_{1}$ phase. Immunocytochemical analysis revealed that HsMCAK protein localized to centrosome and nucleus at the interphase, whereas it appeared to localize to the spindle pole, centromere of the condensed mitotic DNA, spindle fiber, or midbody, depending on the specific stage of the M phase. These results demonstrate that a rat polyclonal antibody raised against recombinant HsMCAK expressed in E. coli specifically detects human MCAK, and indicate that the electrophoretic mobility shift from $p81^{MCAK}\;to\;p84^{MCAK}$, which may be associated with its differential intracellular localization during the cell cycle, fluctuates with a maximum level of the shift at the $G_{2}-M$ phase.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-158
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted in order to understand the intra-and the inter-competition of arrowhead, Sagittaria trifolia L., under the conditions of arrowhead monoculture and rice-mixed culture, respectively. In arrowhead monoculture, the infra-specific competition in both shoot length and floral axis number began at 10 plants per $0.5m^2$ and that in leaf number, leaf length, dry shoot weight and formated tuber number did at 5 plants per $0.5m^2$. In the inter-specific competition according to arrowhead density in the constant rice-mixed culture, the plant height and the tiller number of rice decreased at 15 and 5 plants of arrowhead per $0.5m^2$, respectively. The dry top weight and the formated tuber number of arrowhead decreased with increase of arrowhead density. In the inter-competition according to rice plant density in the constant arrowhead-mixed stands, the dry matter weight and the produced tuber number of arrowhead decreased with increase of rice plant density and the plant height and the tiller number of rice also did with that. In the different transplantation time of rice, the growth in arrowhead became less in order of late transplantation>standard one>early one and the plant height and the tiller number of rice became more in order of that by comparing the percentage of growth under the mixed culture to that under the arrowhead monoculture.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.58-64
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• 2009

This study was conducted to know the molting sequence and the aging points of flight feathers of steller's sea eagles (Haliaeetus pelagicus). For this study, two captive immature steller's sea eagles raised at the Ornithology Laboratory attached to Kyungsung University were surveyed for five years from Nov. 2000 to Nov. 2005. The survey indicated that the first molting began in July of the second year, and the primaries of P1-3, the secondaries of S18-19 (female), S17-18 (male), and S1 and S4 were replaced by one-time with second generation feathers. Generally molting stopped during the winter period, but a few feathers continued to molt during the winter. The two secondaries of S18-19 (female) and S17-18 (male) always molted every year but some of the juvenile secondaries (male: S10, S11, etc) retained for 2 or 3 years. In the molting order of primaries, the first molting started at P1 and it proceeded to P10 of outside. In the secondaries, the first molting started at S17(male) and S19(female), and it proceeded to outside. After that molting it started at S1 and proceeded to inside. In the other secondaries, the pattern of molting which proceeded in the mid-part of the secondaries was usually beginning in several different points at the same time. The molting seemed as if it depends on both the conditions of the individuals and the environment, so it was very difficult to explain the molting pattern in the mid-part of the secondaries. The longer quills (P7, P8) required for more than 68 days to develop. In the comparison of the length in the remiges between the first and the second generation feathers, the first generation feathers were the larger than that of the second. And the reduction of the length between the second and the third generation feathers was a few. The reduction of the length between the third and the fourth generation feathers was slight. The juvenile primaries were dark brown with a whitish base, which could be observed until the second or the third generation feathers (in their third or fourth winter plumage).

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.207-214
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• 2012

In this study, cabbage ($Brassica$ $oleracea$ var. $capitata$) Kimchi was made packed into four kinds of packaging materials, PET vessel, PP tray, OPP/AL/PE film and Nylon/PE/LLDP film, and the effects of these packaging materials on Kimchi quality characteristics, such as lactic acid bacteria counts, salinity, sugar contents, pH, total acidity, electron donating ability were examine as well as their effects on the sensory qualities after storage at a temperature of $4^{\circ}C$. The pH change ranged from pH 6.24 to 6.43 shortly after manufacture, and did not significantly change until 7 days of storage. However, it began to decrease rapidly after 14 days. On the 35th day of storage, the acidity was 0.79% in the PET vessel and 0.83% in OPP/AL/PE. Therefore, the PET vessel and OPP/AL/PE were considered appropriate packaging materials for Kimchi storage. The salinity did not change significantly during the storage period, and the sugar content generally increased in the four kinds of packaging materials, but decreasing after the 7th day of storage. After 14 days of storage, the Kimchi stored in the OPP/AL/PE film showed the highest lactic acid bacteria counts. Although the electron donating ability was the highest after proper time for fermentation, it decreased in all the packaging materials after the proper time for fermentation. However, the OPP/AL/PE film had an antioxidant potential of up to 93.18%. In the sensory evaluation, fermented Kimchi was found to be superior unfermented Kimchi. In addition, the Kimchi stored in the OPP/AL/PE film for 14 days showed the high score of 6.70 and 6.60 in overall preference. Therefore, the results of this study provide basic knowledge on the fermentation level and packaging material's condition for commercialization of small packed cabbage Kimchi. Henceforth, industrialization must include a variety of studies under these conditions to increase the merchantability.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.120-126
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• 2009

In the course of study on the roles of phytotoxins in the pathogenicity of Botrytis cinerea, we isolated two novel phytotoxins. They were identified as 3-O-acetyl botcinol and 3-O-acetyl botcinolide. In this study, we investigated correlation between the two phytotoxins and the pathogenicity of B. cinerea. In liquid cultures, the two phytotoxins were not produced by three low pathogenic isolates out of 25 B. cinerea isolates. Among strong or moderate pathogenic isolates, some produced the two phytotoxins, but the others did not. On the other hand, the ethyl acetate extracts of fermentation broths of 10 out of 25 isolates showed phytotoxic activity against various plants tested in a whole plant assay. The phytotoxins were detected in all of the 10 phytotoxic ethyl acetate extracts. In planta, the two phytotoxins were detected in all of the plant tissues infected with strong pathogenic isolates. However, there was no correlation between the ability of B. cinerea isolates to produce the two phytotoxins and their pathogenicities. The two phytotoxins began to detect in tomato plant tissues infected with B. cinerea 2-16 at 3 days after inoculation, increased gradually till 4 days after inoculation, and then decreased. The above results suggest that 3-O-acetyl botcinol and 3-O-acetyl botcinolide are one of pathogenicity factors for B. cinerea, but not a primary determinant of its pathogenicity.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.91-114
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• 1981

This research was carried out from July to August, 1981, to analyse the true state of management, the skill of production, the structure of consciousness about the selected 294 poultry$.$farms, and to know about their bottlenecks and suggestions. The results obtained were as follows: 1. As for manager's ages, 31 to 45 years old men rate was 67.76%. upper 50years old men 15.94%. 2. 79.9% of farm omen possess attainments equal to or higher than those of upper secondary school graduates. 3. In poultry farming career of the investigated person, layer chicken industry was longer than broiler. 4. Occupations of farm owners before. doing poultry farming were farmers(32.35%), company employees, civil servants and soldiers, etc. 5. 58.62% of the person ran only poultry farming and the rest of them held the additional office of a farmer and a public officer. 6. There were many people who made a speciality of poultry farming holding additional jobs as dairy farming, cultivating crops, gardening, etc. 7. 42.35% of the person began poultry farming with under 1,000 layer chickens. And the rate of the ones with 1,000-2,000 broilers for the first time consisted 40.95% 8. Present breeding scale was that the rate of the farmers having 5,000-10,000 layer chickens was 37.13% and the ones having 5,000-10,000 broilers 38.32%. 9. The rate of the person supplying self-labor was 23.16%, the person having 1.3 employees 51.47% and the ones having under 20 employees 1.47%. 10. 74.26% of the poultry farms used very good quality of baby chicks. 11. The rate of the farms which used chicken feed making the point of the quality of it was 65.47% and the ones which bought it on credit 26.62%. 12. 65.47% bought feed directly from factories and 26.62% bought it from commercial agents. 13. The rate of the layer chicken farms paying for feed in cash was 19.39% and the broiler farms 32.74%. Most of the farms bought feed on credit by 30-60 days. 14. They bought the medicine for chicken from animal drug stores or veterinary hospitals. 15. The rate of the person posting up accounts roughly was 47.52% and that of the ones doing them detaily was 43.57%, 40% did not do them because of bother and only 21.22% had their own cashbooks.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 1971

The pupa (7th. day after mounting) were irradiated for foully minutes with 1,000${\gamma}$-ray and the copulation was done under the various conditions when the pupa grew to be imagos. The silkworm eggs that the imagos laid were divided into many groups by five, fifteen, foully-five, ninety, seven-hundred, twenty and twenty-four hundred minutes eggs respectively and the lipid phosphorus in the each group of eggs was analyzed as follows. 1. The quantity of 928${\gamma}$/100mg dry powder (D. P.) was shown in the group of the fourt-five minutes eggs whose ovum nucleus and sperm nucleus were not conjugate in the control C (male and female). The number of the greatest quantity of 944${\gamma}$/100mg D.P. after the syngamy of ovum nucleus and sperm nucleus while the smallest quantity was 768${\gamma}$/100mg D.P. in the group of ninety minutes eggs. 2. Not much difference could be seen the copulation group of female irradiation and male control and the copulation group of male irradiation and female control compared to the both male and female control group, but the influence could be seen in the group of irradiated female pupas. 3. The great difference could be seen in the group of irradiated male and female pupa compared to the control group. The five minutes eggs showed the smallest quantity of 536${\gamma}$/100mg D.P. and the quantity of lipid phosphorus rapidly began to increase from the fifteen minutes eggs. The quantity amounted to 1,082${\gamma}$/100 mg D.P. in the case of seven hundred and twenty minutes eggs while the quantity decreased in the twenty-four hundred minutes eggs which showed 912${\gamma}$/100 mg D.P. The general result obtained in the present study was that the irradiated male and female pupa were greatly influenced before and after the syngamy of gamete.