• Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.19-23
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• 2002

본 장에서는 H.26L 비디오 코덱에 적용되는 움직임 보상 기법(motion compensation) 및 B 픽쳐(Bi-predictive picture) 에 대해 다루기로 한다. 먼저 H.26L 비디오 코덱이 H.263 또는 MPEG-4 Part 2와 같은 종래 비디오 코덱들과 움직임 보상 관점에서 다른 점을 살펴보면, 복수개의 레퍼런스 픽쳐(multiple reference picture) 로부터 움직임 추정 (motion estimation) 밀 움직임 보상을 수행하고, 16x16 매크로 블록 크기부터 16x8, 8x16, 8x8블록 크기에서 매크로 블록 모드 타입이 결정되고 8x8 모드는 다시 8x4, 4x8, 4x4 단위에서 서브 모드 타입이 결정된다. 따라서 한 개의 매크로블록은 최대 16개의 모션벡터를 깆을 수 있다. 또한 복수개의 레퍼런스 픽쳐와 다양한 블록 타입을 적용함에 따라 모션벡터 예측(PMV: prediction of motion vector) 은 현재 블록과 이웃하는 블록들 사이의 레퍼런스 픽쳐 인덱스 비교 및 현재 블록 타입이 16x8또는 8x16 일 때 방향성 예측을 허용하는 새로운 기법들이 소개되어 있다. 그리고 코딩 효율을 높이기 위한 방법으로서 1/4 pel 단위의 움직임 보상을 하여 블록의 예측 정확도를 높이도록 하고 있다. 한편, H.26L에서의 B 픽쳐는 종래 비디오 코덱에 비해 확장된 정의를 갖고 있다. 예를 들어, 종래의 비디오 코덱에서는 B 픽쳐가 시간 스케일러빌러티(temporal scalability)에 사용됨에 따라 레퍼런스 픽쳐로서 사용될 수 없지만, H.26L은 B 픽쳐가 레퍼런스 픽쳐로서 사용되는 것을 허용하고 있다. 또한 종래의 B 픽쳐가 양방향에서 움직임 보상을 한 것과 달리 H.26L은 동일 방향에 존재하는 두개의 레퍼런스 픽쳐에서도 움직임 보상을 허용한다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07d
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• pp.2365-2368
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• 2001

This paper describes a fuzzy steering controller for an autonomous mobile robot with MR sensor. Using the magnetic field($B_{x}$, $B_{y}$, $B_{z}$) obtained from the MR sensor, we designed fuzzy controller for driving on the road center. Fuzzy rule base was built to magnetic field($B_{x}$, $B_{y}$, $B_{z}$). To develop an autonomous mobile robot simulation program, we have done modeling MR sensor, dynamic model of mobile robot and coordinate transformation. A computer simulation of the robot (including mobile robot dynamics and steering) was used to verify the steering performance of the mobile robot controller using the fuzzy logic. Good results were obtained by computer simulation. So, we confirmed the robustness of the proposed fuzzy controller by computer simulation. Also, we know that proposed control algorithm was applied to real autonomous mobile robot.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.328-336
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to identify factors influencing the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of older adult women with sarcopenia. Methods: The study was secondary data analysis using data from the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The final sample consisted of 142 women aged 60 years and older with sarcopenia and were selected from 8,110 women. The participants was analyzed using complex descriptive statistics, independent t-test, and regression. Results: In terms of HRQoL, three general characteristics were found to be influential, with an explanatory power of 56.0%: difficulty climbing stairs, difficulty working, and perceived health status. Having no or mild difficulty when climbing stairs (B=.20, p=.001; B=.21, p<.001) and no or mild difficulty when working (B=.25, p=. 002; B=.208, p=.013) had a significant effect on HRQoL compared to severe difficulty. Having good or ordinary perceived health status had a significant effect on the HRQoL (B=.11, p<.001; B=.09, p<.001). Conclusion: Based on study findings that the HRQoL of older adult women with sarcopenia were influenced by difficulty climbing stairs and working, as well as good perceived health status, healthcare providers should assist elderly women to maintain physical activities in their daily lives.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.133-143
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• 2002

The textile industry is petting increased effort to manufacture the value-added products that gives the differentiated characters at every level of fiber and fabric production. The color is an important element to be used strategically in order to push up the value-added design. The colors of apparel products have a close relationship with the skin colors of consumers and their preference colors. This study was carried out to cluster the skin colors of the Korean women into several similar skin colors and to analyze their preference colors by the classified groups. We measured the skin colors of 354 Korean women. With color spectrometer, JX-777, we measured 4 points of the body; cheek with removing cosmetics off, forehead, rear neck and arm on the interior part near elbow. All subjects had been shown with 40 color chips and answered the preference colors and preference colors of apparel. Data were analysed to classify skin colors using K-means Cluster Analysis and Duncan test, Frequency and Chi square test on the preference colors about the clustered 3 groups. In doing so, we used in SPSS Win 10 statistical package. Findings were as fellows: 1) The skin colors of the Korean women were clustered into YR, R, and Y skin colors. The majority of the subjects, 324 observations had YR skin colors and the subjects were classified into 3 kinds of skin color groups who had YR skin colors. 2) The average skin colors of total 324 subjects was 5.23YR 6.49/4.09 in Munsell Color System(MCS), 66.56 in L value, 10.53 in a value, and 20.67 in b value. 3) The average skin color of Type 1 was 7.98YR 6.24/4.14 in MCS, 64.10 in L value, 15.05 in a value, and 24.0 in b value. For Type 2 was 7.30 YR 6.56/3.28 in MCS, 67.24 in L value, 6.89 in a value, and 18.4 in b value, and Type 3 was 7.01 YR 7.20/4.38 in MCS, 73.53 in L value, L 16.04 in a value, and 24.87 in b value. 4) The average face color of total 324 subjects was 7.31YR 6.65/3.56 in MCS, 68.13 in L value, 9.53 in a value, and 20.18 in b value. 5) The average face color of Type 1 was 4.19 YR 6.92/5.05 in MCS, 70.78 in L value, 13.2 in a value, and 25.32 in b value. For Type 2 was 5.24YR 6.33/3.79 in MCS, 64.94 in L value, 9.84 in a value, and 19.08 in b value. Type 3 was 5.4YR 6.85/4.68 in MCS, 70.1 in L value, 11.73 in a value, and 23.92 in b value. 6) The difference of mean values between the clustered 3 skin color groups showed significantly different except the a value of neck and H value of cheeks and H value of foreheads. 7) All 3 groups showed that the most preference colors and the most preference colors of apparel was 5R 4/14. and their preference colors were much more than the preference colors of apparel.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.208-213
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• 2020

Burkholderia contaminans PSB-A and Burkholderia ambifaria PSB-B were isolated from button mushroom bed to estimate their phosphate solubility. The phosphate-solubilizing abilities of these strains were assessed by measuring the phosphorus content in a single and co-inoculation medium for 7 days. The co-inoculation of these two strains released the highest content of soluble phosphorus (166.3 ㎍ mL^-1) into the medium, followed by single inoculation of B. contaminans PSB-A (143.73 ㎍ mL^-1) and B. ambifaria PSB-B (127.1 ㎍ mL^-1). The highest pH reduction, organic acid production, and glucose consumption were also observed in the co-inoculation medium. According to the plant growth promotion bioassay, co-inoculation enhanced the growth of romaine lettuce much more than the single inoculation (20.4% for leaf widths and 16.6% for root lengths). Although no significant difference was noted between single and co-inoculation of bacterial strains in terms of phosphorous release and plant growth, co-inoculation of PSB may have a beneficial effect on crop growth due to a synergistic effect between the strains.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.702-708
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• 2007

The effects of pectinase treatment and other processing conditions on juice yield from Rubus coreanus, and physicochemical changes during alcohol fermentation, were investigated. The yield from R. coreanus increased by 8.60% with Pectinex 100L treatment (500 ppm, 30 min) compared to a control group. The soluble solid content in the group fermented at $24^{\circ}Brix$ by addition of sucrose (24B-group), and the group fermented at $8^{\circ}Brix$ by addition of 16% sucrose after 4 days of fermentation (8B-group) decreased to $8.2{\sim}8.3$ and $7.7{\sim}8.0%$ after 10 days of fermentation, respectively, and no significant differences were observed with Pectinex 100L treatment. Initial titratable acidity in the enzyme treatment was slightly higher ($1.18{\sim}1.22%$) than for the control group (1.02%). The initial $L^*$ and $b^*$ values of R. coreanus juice decreased with enzyme treatment, and the $a^*$ value increased, but the color difference (${\Delta}E$) between the control and enzyme treatment gradually decreased with fermentation time. The ethanol contents in the 24B-group and the 8B-group were $16.01{\sim}16.22%$ and $13.29{\sim}13.52%$, respectively, after 10 days of fermentation. The methanol contents in the enzyme treatment and the control were $0.359{\sim}0.404$ and $0.520{\sim}0.604$ mg/mL, respectively, and within standard regulations (1 mg/mL).

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.8.1-8.11
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• 2016

To quantitatively estimate the influence of cuttlebone on the target strength (TS) of golden cuttlefish, the cuttlebone was carefully extracted from 19 live cuttlefish caught using traps in the inshore waters around Geojedo, Korea, in early May 2010 and the TS was measured using split-beam echosounders (Simrad ES60 and EY500). The TS-length relationships for the cuttlefish (before the extraction of cuttlebone, Fish Aquat Sci. 17:361-7, 2014) and the corresponding cuttlebone were compared. The cuttlebone length ($L_b$) ranged from 151 to 195 mm (mean $L_b$ = 168.3 mm) and the mass ($W_b$) ranged from 29.3 to 53.2 g (mean $W_b$ = 38.8 g). The mean TS values at 70 and 120 kHz were -33.60 dB (std = 1.12 dB) and -32.24 dB (std = 1.87 dB), respectively. The mean TS values of cuttlebone were 0.19 dB and 0.04 dB lower than those of cuttlefish at 70 and 120 kHz, respectively. For 70 and 120 kHz combined, the mean TS value of cuttlebone was -32.87 dB, 0.11 dB lower than that of cuttlefish (-32.76 dB). On the other hand, the mean TS value of cuttlebone predicted by the regression ($TS_b$ = 24.86 $log_{10}$ $L_b$ - 4.86 $log_{10}$ ${\lambda}$ - 22.58, $r^2$ = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01) was -33.10 dB, 0.04 dB lower than that of cuttlefish predicted by the regression ($TS_c$ = 24.62 $log_{10}$ $L_c$ - 4.62 $log_{10}$ ${\lambda}$ - 22.64, $r^2$ = 0.85, N = 38, P < 0.01). That is, the contribution of cuttlebone to the cuttlefish TS determined by the measured results was slightly greater than that by the predicted results. These results suggest that cuttlebone is responsible for the TS of cuttlefish, and the contribution is estimated to be at least 99 % of the total echo strength.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.454-456
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• 2002

It is important to determine the action spectrum of UV-B radiation contained in the sunlight to estimate the risk of skin cancer. We have investigated action spectra for induction of apoptosis and reproductive cell death in L5178Y cells using the Okazaki Large Spectrograph at NIBB. L5178Y cells were exposed to light at different wavelengths in UV-B or UV-A region. Frequencies of apoptosis induction and reproductive cell death were determined by counting cells with chromatin condensation, and by the colony formation assay, respectively. The measured sensitivity spectra for the two end-points were in very good agreement. Sensitivity decreased steeply with increase of wavelength in UV-B region and remains nearly constant in UV-A region. The action spectra were also slightly steeper than that for the minimum erythematic dose (MED), but very similar to the light absorption spectrum of DNA in UV-B region. On the other hand, the spectra for both endpoints were similar to MED spectrum but not DNA spectrum in the UV-A region. Also different time-course and morphological difference of apoptosis were found between UV-B (long time, fragmentation) and UV-A (short time, shrinkage) region. These results suggest that DNA damage induced by UV-B light triggers apoptosis and reproductive cell death, but other damaged targets (membrane, protein and so on) trigger these effects in UV-A region.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.77-92
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• 2004

Global Electronic Trading means that trading partners trade each other via Global Electronic Trading Network, that is, global business to business electronic commerce. Electronic payment systems are how to make payment electronically in manner that is efficient, reliable, and secure. I suggest the Electronic payment systems such as TradeCard and SWIFT enable seller and buyer to conduct and settle international B2B electronic commerce in case of solving the above problems. And, where the cargo arrives ahead of the B/L, the importer cannot take delivery of the cargo without the B/L. This situation is referred to as the B/L dilemma. But the BOLERO system will resolve this B/L dilemma. Bolero Project is developing a cross industry utility platform for the secure, electronic transfer of commercial trade information world wide.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2003

Mathematical constants for multiplication with leaf length (I) or breadth (b) or l ${\times}$ b have been worked out for determining leaf area in promising mulberry genotypes viz., Chinese White, S-146, Chak Majra and Sujanpur Local of sub-tropical India. When pooled, the mathematical constants worked out were 8.1132, 10.1019 and 0.5992 for multiplication with leaf length, breadth and l ${\times}$ b, respectively, for genotypes bearing un-lobbed leaves and 6.9447, 8.2761 and 0.5009 for multiplication with leaf length, breadth and l ${\times}$ b, respectively for genotypes bearing lobbed leaves. Leaf area can be worked out by using any constant by multiplying either with leaf length or breadth or both (l ${\times}$ b). Estimated leaf areas worked out were found significantly and positively correlated with actual leaf area (r＝999$^{＊＊}$). The suggested present non-destructive method by using mathematical constants is very quick and alternative to electronic leaf area meter for spot leaf area determination in mulberry which is the only food source for mulberry silkworm in sericulture industry.