• Information Systems Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2018

MICE (Meetings, Incentive trip, Convention and Exhibition & Event) industry is a multifaceted industry with a variety of stakeholders including the public and private sectors, and PCOs (Professional Convention Organizers) play a mediating role in communicating opinions of the stakeholders. For enhancing their reliability and awareness, PCOs have their stakeholders' hyperlinks on the websites. This study attempted to analyze the hyperlink networks among PCOs (Professional Convention Organizers) and their stakeholders so as to understand the MICE industry ecosystem and find out whether the network structure of PCOs' shows different levels of hyperlink use with their stakeholders' websites based upon PCO's performance and size. The results showed the hyperlink network of MICE industry and that the bigger PCOs have higher centralities in the network.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.57 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2024

Purpose: Sodium is essentially required for homeostasis and physiological functions, but excessive sodium consumption increases the risk of obesity and other chronic disorders. Korean studies on the sodium-obesity relationship are limited, and thus, this study was undertaken to determine the nature of the relationship between sodium intake and obesity in Korean adults. Methods: Forty-two participants were divided into 2 groups according to body mass index (BMI, non-obese BMI < 25 kg/m², obese BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²). Dietary intakes and eating habits were analyzed using 3-day food records and a food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric data were obtained from bioimpedance results, and fasting glucose and lipid levels were measured. Results: Mean weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and body fat mass were greater in the obese group than in the non-obese group for men and women. Skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass were higher in obese women than in non-obese women. Biochemical data were no different in these two subgroups except triglycerides (TGs), which were higher in obese women. Nutrient intakes were not significantly different in obese and non-obese groups. However, obese men consumed excessive sodium, while obese women consumed slightly more than non-obese women. Obese men preferred salty foods and tended to overeat. Positive correlations were found between sodium intake and weight in men and percent body fat mass (PBFM) in women. Correlation analysis (adjusted for energy intake) of the relation between sodium intake and obesity-related factors showed sodium intake was positively correlated with PBFM and TG in women. Conclusion: This anthropometric and biochemical data analysis emphasizes the need for awareness and interventions to mitigate the health risks of elevated sodium consumption. Our findings should aid future studies on the relationship between sodium and obesity and contribute to preventing and managing this metabolic condition.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-55
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• 2024

Purpose: This review explored the status of publications on intimate partner violence (IPV) against pregnant women in contemporary China. Methods: The PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases were searched using the terms "IPV," "pregnant woman," "Chinese," and synonyms in English, along with related keywords for Chinese publications. All literature pertaining to IPV during pregnancy, conducted in China, and published between 1987 and September 2023 was included. Results: A total of 37 articles from 30 studies were selected. The prevalence of IPV during pregnancy ranged from 2.5% to 31.3%, with psychological violence being the most common form. Frequently identified risk factors included unintended pregnancy, poor family economic conditions, male partners engaging in health risk behaviors, poor employment status of women or their partners, low education levels among women, physical or mental health issues, strained couple relationships, and in-law conflicts. IPV during pregnancy primarily led to mental health problems for the victims and could result in adverse obstetric outcomes, as well as negative effects on the temperament and development of the offspring. Victims in China demonstrated a low willingness to seek help from professionals. Furthermore, relevant research in mainland China is scarce, with a limited number of studies and non-standardized research methodologies. Conclusion: Future research should investigate IPV in pregnancy from various perspectives, identify factors unique to IPV during pregnancy, and focus on high-risk groups. Considering the conditions in China, there is a pressing need to increase public awareness of IPV and to investigate interventions aimed at addressing this issue.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.384-389
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• 2023

Background: Exposure to welding fume is associated with adverse effects on worker health. The use of various control measures can reduce levels of exposure and the resulting health effects. However, little is known about the factors that may influence workers' use of control measures in the workplace and their perceived intervention needs. This study aimed to investigate workers' and other stakeholders' views on ways to improve the use of welding fume control measures in Australian workplaces. Methods: We conducted a series of online focus group discussions and individual interviews with participants who have some occupational involvement in welding, whether as workers, employers or industry representatives, union representatives, or regulators. A semi-structured question guide was used, and all discussions and interviews were recorded and transcribed for analysis. Results: Five focus group discussions and five individual interviews were conducted with a total of 21 participants. Three major themes emerged. The first addressed the current awareness of welding fume harms and concern about exposure; the second focussed on the current use of control measures, and barriers and facilitators to their use; and the last centred around intervention needs and the contents of a potential effective intervention. Conclusion: Improving the use of control measures to prevent exposure to welding fume requires knowledge around the barriers and facilitators of control, use, and the intervention needs of stakeholders. This study has provided such knowledge, which will facilitate the design and implementation of an intervention to reduce welding fume exposure and ultimately protect the health of workers.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.382-394
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• 2024

Background: Humbo Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) forest is managed through direct involvement of the local community and funded by the World Vision Australia through World Vision Ethiopia under framework of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism on greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding the amount and distribution of carbon stored in forests across different elevations will enhance ability to anticipate how forests will react to future climate conditions and carbon levels. The aim of the study was to quantify the amount of carbon stocks along altitudinal gradients in the Humbo FMNR forest in southern Ethiopia. A total of 54 nested sample plots of 20 m × 20 m were established on transects of elevation gradients. Inventories of woody species and soil samples (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth) were collected within each nested sample plot. Carbon stocks in woody biomass and soil were compared by three elevation classes. Results: The total carbon stocks significantly (p < 0.05) differed among the three altitudinal gradients. There is no significant difference in biomass carbon stocks between the middle (1,610-1,750 m above sea level [a.s.l.]) and lower (1,470-1,610 m a.s.l.) elevations. However, both of these elevations significantly differ (p < 0.05) from the higher (1,750-1,890 m a.s.l.) elevation, despite an increase in carbon stocks from lower to higher elevations. The highest ecosystem carbon stock was contributed by soil carbon. The higher proportion of C stocks at the higher elevations may be associated to the species composition and dominance with larger wood density. Conclusions: It was concluded that even though soil carbon contributed higher carbon to the total carbon stock, biomass is stronger impact than soil carbon when it comes to carbon stock variation by altitudinal gradients. We recommend that carbon-related awareness creation on reducing emission for the local people and promotion of knowledge on carbon stock credits accounting and to be claimed in future for financing, which could be considered as additional possible option for sustainable forest management.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.147-164
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• 2014

This study aimed to explore the effects of population education on university male female students' recognition of population education and low fertility and aged society. The subjects were 71 university students(male: 36, female: 35) participating in population education program. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, paired t test and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures. The main results of this study were as follows. Firstly, population education led to positive changes in university students' recognition of population education and of low fertility and aged society. Specifically, after taking the population education courses, students' levels of knowledge on population education contents and on foreign domestic policies related to low fertility and aged society increased. Secondly, there were students' sex differences in the effect of population education on recognition of population education and low fertility and aged society. For only female students, there were significantly positive changes in realization of the seriousness of low fertility and aged society, in recognition of importance of population education, work-family reconciliation and child-care centers to solve the issues of low fertility and aged societies, in knowledge levels of foreign domestic policies related to low fertility and aged society, and in awareness of family of small members(ex. single families). Finally, based on the results, the roles of Home Economics Education were suggested in population education.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.139-154
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify the causality between satisfaction /stress with school life and drinking-related behaviors of students majoring in the Dept. of Culinary Arts. The majors taught in college will connect to the job in the future directly. Therefore, in this regard, the results of this study have great importance for Dept. Culinary Arts student training. Results indicated that a positive perception of drinking partially influenced the levels at < ${\beta}=-.219$, p<0.01> a partial impact on school life satisfaction and stress. Negative perceptions also appeared to influence < ${\beta}=.445$, p<0.01> and < ${\beta}=.213$, p<0.01> levels of satisfaction and stress. Therefore, drinking behavior appears to affect the college life experience stress. Schools will have to incorporate this as part of the curriculum to correct the drinking behavior of students.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.582-604
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• 2013

The machinery industry provides infrastructure to many manufacturing industries and it has strong influences on performance and quality of products. However, Korean economic growth has been constantly causing the korean general machinery industry to significantly depend on Japan. To solve this problem, many industrial policies have been tried. In this paper, we divide the value chain of general machinery industry into four steps; technology development step, manufacturing step, marketing step, and after-sales management step. We study the relationships between each of these steps and the awareness of dependency on Japan. For empirical analysis we surveyed 207 domestic companies in general machinery industry. The findings are that the three factors, technology development competency, marketing competency and after-sales management competency have significant relationships with dependence on Japan. Manufacturing competency is not a significant factor. As control variables, the type of manufacturers has effect on dependency on Japan. The company size, the kinds of products and technology levels of products don't have effects on the relationship between the four steps of the value chain and dependency on Japan. To overcome the trade imbalance with Japan in the general machinery industry, we recommend to develop technology development competency, marketing competency, and after-sale management competency. Also we need to adopt industry supporting policies, not depending on all three control variables of company sizes, the kinds of products and the technology levels of products, but depending on the type of manufacturers.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.28-43
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to measure middle and high school students' stage of concern(SoC) and their level of use(LoU) on the self-directed learning in science learning based on the CBAM(Concern-Based Adoption Model). Additionally, this research was designed to analyze the difference between the degree of students' SoC and their LoU according to the their background variables. For this, 440 middle and high school students participated in the research. The results of this study were as follow: Firstly, since the students' SoC and LoU about the self-directed learning in science learning are low(Stage0 : awareness and Level II : preparation), we should draw students' immediate concern by developing training programs that would enable them to actually participate in the process of implementing the self-directed learning. Secondly, the students' SoC and LoU on self-directed learning in science learning vary depending on their residence, gender, and grade. This is the reason why we have to develop customized training programs on self-directed learning that suits their background. Thirdly, it shows that students, who have higher concern on self-directed learning in science learning, implement it better than those who are not concerned with it at all. It implies that we need a training program that considers both the students' concern and implementation on self-directed learning in science learning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.315-328
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the problems arising from the actual conditions of the Foodbank, and to implement the HACCP system as a solution in terms of increasing the safety of donated food within the Foodbank. In order to apply HACCP system, the entire Foodbank working process such as preparation, collection, transportation, division, and distribution was considered and analyzed to decide the application point for CCPs. Donated foods mainly consisted of processed foods, raw materials, lunch boxes, and cooked foods from mass catering establishments, which dominated over the others in terms of quantity. Cooked foods were divided into three groups based on menu-types and processing methods. Temperature, pH, and aw were measured on cooked foods, and Total Plate Count, Coliforms, E. coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, and E. coli O157:H7 were conducted in order to apply a HACCP plan. From these experiments, temperature, pH, and $a_w$ of donated food were likely contributed to microbial growth. Donated foods before HACCP implementation showed high numbers in terms of total plate count and Coliforms, both well over the acceptable standard levels. By setting the CCPs on maintenance of donated food below $10^{\circ}C$ and using a $75^{\circ}C$ reheating method, microbiological hazard levels were able to be controlled and lowered. From these results, it is concluded that in order to guarantee food safety, foods donated to the Foodbank must not only maintain a reasonable level of initial microbiological growth, but also must be handled properly through time and temperature controls within the Foodbank system. Furthermore, in terms of implementing the HACCP plan within the Foodbank management structure, basic food safety and sanitation measures, such as reheating facilities and various cold chain systems such as refrigerated vehicle for food transportation are importantly needed. The training and education of Foodbank personnel and management in areas such as awareness of hygiene and safe food handling and practice are also required and necessary.