• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.131-152
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• 1991

The purposes of this study are to investigate the socialization of household task service area and the satisfaction with it, and to find out the factors affecting on them. For these purposes the data are collected by using questionnaire distributed to 450 housewives living in Seoul. The data are analyzed using frequency, percentile, one way anova, pearson's correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis. The results of this research are as follow : 1. There are significant differences in the socialization of household task service area according to housewives's education and employment family income, the type of housing the number of household equipment sex role attitude, attitude about household task, and task performance competency. 2. The factors showing significant relation to the satisfaction about socialization of household task service areas are found to be housewife's education and employment family income sex role attitude and task performance competancy. 3. In the result of the independent contribution of the factors, the most influencial factor is the socialization of household task service area and the next is sex role attitude. 4. Housewives are generally satisfacted on the socialization of household task because of the overweight of household task and because they are unable to those household tasks, and on the other hand they are generally dissatisfacted on the socialization of household tasks because of economic weight, because they couldn't know the ability of service export before employing and because the housework practiced by service expert is different from their expects.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.25-35
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• 1986

The purpose of the study is to research unisex clothing attitude and clothing behavior and to compare the former with the later according to the different sex, the other walks of life and their professional occupations. The factors that one sex clothing has changed to the other sex clothing are illustrated in its attitude and then there are five distinguished parts such as aesthetics, utility, status symbol, conformity and modesty. A common questionaire is introduced for the way to survey them and the sources to measure them are gathered from the former studies for them but some of them are corrected, collegians in the city of Seoul, Sum total ; 578 students including 291 male students and 287 female students are investigated for this research. The date is analyzed by correlation, percentage, mean, analysis of variance and t-test. RESULTS : 1. The affirmative response to the questionaire is reflected stronger by the part of female's cloths changing to male's clothing than by the part of male's cloths changing to female's clothing. 2. Unisex clothing is more affirmative in the group of the same sex persons' living than in the group of the different sex people. 3. A unisex clothing goes for the characteristics of a person but it goes against the modesty. 4. The opinions from the negative group about Unisex clothing show us conspicuous viewpoints compared with them from the affirmative group about it. 5. The number of the group to describe the agreed opinion about Unisex clothing and to point out the trait of any person are so many. 6. While the number of the male group to be right view about Unisex clothing in becoming more and more female style shows us high interesting in status symbol for persons, the female group to agree with female Unisex clothing show us their high concerns at the utility.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.467-481
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• 1998

The purpose of this survey, in which 2754 students from 35 middle schools from Taegu city participated, was to identify the degree and the relationship of sexual knowledge, sexual attitude and need for sex education. This information will provide useful data, and promote a more systematic, desirable and practical sex education. The data was collected from September 1 to November 8, 1997. Data was analyzed using the statistical computer package, SPSS to manipulate the data along with percentage, mean, $X^2$-test. t-test, F-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results from this study were summarized as follows: 1. The mean score of sex related knowledge showed significant differences between boys and girls in general knowledge(boys: 10.85 girls: 11.71, p=0.000), in the area of physical development(boys : 5.29 girls: 5.72, p=0.000), pregnancy & physiology (boys: 3.23 girls: 3.57, p=0.000) and venereal disease (boys: 2.33 girls: 2.42, p=0.000). 2. The mean score of sex related attitudes showed a significant differences between boys and girls on the whole(boys : 57.68 girls: 58.92, p=0.000), in the area of psychological differences of the other sex (boy: 26.13, girls: 28.08, p=0.000), and sexual delinquency and its prevention(boy: 14.28, girls: 13.68, p=0.000). However, in the area of other sex friendships (boy: 17.28, girls: 17.16, p=0.274). There were no significant differences between boys and girls. 3. Those who had a higher sex related knowledge score showed more positive attitudes towards sex, but was of no statistical significance(r= 0.312, p=0.000). 4. The majority of subjects wanted to learn about friendship with the other sex(40.1%), about physical and psychological differences in adolescence(24.0%), about prevention of sexual violence(15.0%), about pregnancy and delivery (7.5%), about venereal disease and medical cures(7.3%), about contraception methods (4.3%), as well as other aspects of sexual knowledge (1.8%), 5. The mean score of sex related knowledge generally was higher when one paid a lot of attention to health (F= 3. 148, p=0.014), when one's father was alive(t=3.930, p=0.000), and when one's mother was alive(t=2.807, p=0.005), Hobby activities also showed a significant difference(F=9.092, p=0.000). The mean score of sex related knowledge generally according higher when one had sex education(F=9.470, p=0.000), when one obtained sexual knowledges from a teacher (F = 5. 742, p=0.000), and when one had middle grade problems with sex(F=13.58 4, p=0.000). 6. The mean score of sex related attitudes generally showed significant differences when re ligion(F=2.691, p=0.03), hobbies (F= 3.499, p= 0.002) were considered. Those who had a father also had higher scores(t=2.538, p= 0.011). The mean score of sex related attitudes generally with respect to a subject's sex was higher when one had sex education(t=5.338, p= 0.000), when one had high grade problems with sex(F=6.023, p=0.002), and when one had the experience of friendship with the other sex(t= 8.106, p=0.000), The following suggestions are based on the above results, 1. Systematic sex education must be performed in middle schools in order to establish responsible attitudes toward sex, 2. Sexual knowledge, attitude, and general sex education classes must be performed seperately for early, middle, and late adolescents, In other words sex education programs are needed for each adolescent development stage.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.63-74
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• 1995

The objective of this study were to identify the state of re. cognition and attitude of residents in Seoul city about air environment and to identify factors affecting attitude toward air environment. Study object was residents in Seoul city sampled by multistage random proportional sampling. Sample size was 0.0067%(500 persons) of total residents in Seoul city. The results were divided into two parts: (1) descriptive results of recognition and attitude toward air environment, (2) results of factor analysis to classify categories of attitudes toward air environment and regression analysis to identify factors affecting attitude toward air environment. Most of resident in Seoul city recognized that air environment in Seoul city was highly polluted and was not satisfactory. Experience of damage of air pollution was reported in about 70% of residents in Seoul city. More than 60% of residents in Seoul city had concern about air environment. Attitude toward air environment were classified into four categories using factor analysis: Necessity of intervention of local government for air environment conservation, Participation of residents and enterprises for air environment conservation, Optimistic attitude about air pollution, Preference of economy. Factors affecting the above attitudes were knowledge about air pollution, knowledge about policies and institutions related air environment conservation, concern about air environment, educational level, subjective assessment of air environment, sex, marital status. In conclusion this study suggested providing information of air environment in Seoul city to the residents and to educating residents for making positive attitude about air environment conservation.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.255-275
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• 1997

This study was conducted to find out the effect of sexual education for knowledge and attitude toward sex are elementary school students. Therefore, the present study aims to understand the changes of the knowledge are the attitude toward sex before and after the sex education, in elementary school students and then finally to provide some basic data to suggest directions for sex education. The subjects were 500 male and female elementary students from the fifth and sixth grades of 4 public elementary schools in Pusan. The subjects were assigned to a experimental (250) and a control (250) group. The research tools were sex education program and consists of physiology(menache, ejaculation), psycological(pleasure of growth), sociological(hetero sexual relationship) are about set The sex education program was given to experimental group for 6 hours by the trained school nurse's lecture using slide film and OHP film. The data were obtained before and after the sex education. Data collection was done during the period betwen Feb. 3. 1997. to Feb. 20. 1997. The collected data were analyed using frequency, percentages, $X^2$-test, means, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, MANCOVA with SPSS program. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The first hypotheses attained that the experimental group(19.72) is higher than the control group(12.12) on the knowledge toward sex(F=467.30, P=.000). At the physical area, the experimental group(8.84) is higher than the control group(3.96) (F=687.39, P=.000). At the psychological area the experimental group (5.18) is higher than the control group(2.63) (F=411.66, P=.000). At the social area, the experimental group (5.70) is higher than the control group (5.54), this is not significant difference (F=.67, P=.413). 2. The second hypotheses attained that the experimental group(60.42) is higher than the control group(52.48) on the attitude toward sex(F=215.70, P=.000). At the physical area, the experimental group(23.10) is higher than the control group(20.68) (F=128.68, P=.000), At the psychological area, the experimental group(20.11) is higher than the control group(16.40) (F=108.64, P=.000). At the social area, the experimental group(17.22) is higher than the control group(16.00), this is area are significant differences (F=70.37, P=.000). 3. Knowledge toward sex according to sex, religon, atmosphere of family, mother age and educational background are significant differance (P<0.05). Attitude toward sex according to sex is significant differance (P<0.05).

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.149-171
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• 1998

This study attempted to find out a way which is to establish a desirable value and social culture related to sexuality. This study examined student's value and preference about sex and at the same time resolving method to correct ill-rooted value of male preference in our social culture. This study subjects consisted of 409 male and female students of a college located in Incheon area. The study data collected from June 5th to June 11th. 1998. Survey technique was chosen to collect data and analized by SPSS/PC+, SAS program using statistical methods of frequency. percent. $X^ 2-test$ and t-test. The study results are as follows ; 1) Sex satisfaction score of male students was higher than female students and the difference was significant statistically (p<0.0001). 2) There was a difference between male and female student's thought that our socity's structure has a sex discrimination. But female students felt strongly unequality of sex in our socity. 3) $65.4\%$ of total students have a general knowledge about sex and female student's score was higher than male students. The high percent of students get into know sex through mass media $(32.6\%)$ and peer groups $(31.9\%)$. 4) Student's attitude to sex was different from male and female students. Male students have more liberal attitude about sex than female students. 5) $97.1\%$ of the total students believe that our socity has son preference. 6) $86.5\%$ of the total students thought that sex ratio disproportion resulted from male preference is worriable problems in our socity. But there was no significant difference between both sexes.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2000

The purpose of this study were to suggest the method of sex education by designing and implementing multimedia program about sex education, to search the efficiency between a teaching using multimedia program and a teaching of traditional method. To put above aims into practice, these were required : 1. are there any differences in the alteration of sex attitude according to teaching methods. 2. are there any differences in the completion of sex knowledge according to teaching methods. 3. are there any differences in the alteration of sex attitude according to learning level and teaching methods. 4. are there any differences in the completion of sex knowledge according to learning level and teaching methods. 5. are there any differences in the alteration of sex attitude according to sex and teaching methods. 6. are there any differences in the completion of sex knowledge according to sex and teaching methods. To carry out a reseach for this purpose, the subjects for this study were 160 sixth grade students from 2 elementary schools in Pu-Chun, Kyung Ki. The tools for study were two kind of questionnaires: sex knowledge test, sex attitude test. Each test consists of 20 items. Collected data was analysed with t-test by means of SPSS program. The main results of this study are as follow: 1. The Alteration of sex attitude according to teaching methods. There was a significant difference among teaching methods(P<.001). a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the alteration of sex attitude. 2. The Completion of sex knowledge according to teaching methods. There was a significant difference among teaching methods(P<.001). a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the completion of sex knowledge. 3. The Alteration of sex attitude according to learning level and teaching methods. There was a significant difference among teaching methods in the superior class. a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the alteration of sex attitude(P<.001). However, there was not a significant difference among teaching methods in the inferior class(P>.05). 4. The Completion of sex knowledge according to learning level and teaching methods. There was a significant difference among teaching methods in the superior class. a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the completion of sex knowledge(P<.001). Also, there was a significant difference among teaching methods in the inferior class. a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the completion of sex knowledge(P<.001). 5. The Alteration of sex attitude according to sex and teaching methods. There was a significant difference among teaching methods in the man class. a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the alteration of sex attitude(P<.01). However, There was not a significant difference among teaching methods in the woman class(P>.05). 6. The Completion of sex knowledge according to sex and teaching methods. There was a significant difference among teaching methods in the man class. a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the completion of sex knowledge(P<.001). Also, there was a significant difference among teaching methods in the woman class. a teaching using multimedia program was more efficient than a teaching of traditional method in the completion of sex knowledge(P<.05).

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.1-23
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• 1993

The purpose of this study are to investigate the actual conditions of urban housewive's sex role attitude, the value consciousness of home management and the satisfaction of household work. Further, basic data fro the improvement of the satisfaction of household work and the value consciousness of home management will be produce through grasping the relationship of them. For these purposes, the data are collected by using questionnaire distributed to 394 housewives living in Taegu. The data are analyzed using frequency, pecentile, one way anova, pearson's correlation analysis, simple regression analysis, multiple regression analysis. The results of this research are as follow: 1. Urban housewive's sex role attitude comparatively took the transitional position and the value consciousness of home management was middle. Housewive's satisfaction of household work was generally usual. 2. There were significant differences in the sex role attitude according to housewive's age, educational level, the youngest child's age, durations of marriage. Specially, the variables which significantly affected sex role attitude were housewive's educational level, the youngest child's age. 3. The value consciousness of home management of urban housewives was variable according to housewive's age and educational level, monthly family income, durations of marriage, the youngest child's age, the type of housing, husband's educational level and job. 4. Among the independent variables, the houswive's educational level was variable to have influence on the satisfaction of household work. 5. There were significant differences in the satisfaction of household work according to housewive's sex role attitude. 6. Among the domains of the value consciousness of home management, the value consciousness about family relationships, consuming, educational and leader ship were variable to have influence on the satisfaction of household work.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.49-63
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• 1997

This study was performed to provide preliminary data for the development of a useful instrument to measure the effect of sex education. The study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 155 college students enrolled in the course "Sexuality and Relationship" at Y university in Seoul. At the end of that course, they were asked to write freely about the change they had experienced on sexuality. All meaningful statements were elicited and classified into 7 categories; "Change of Knowledge", "Enlightenment", "Change of Attitude on Sexuality", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of. Identity", "Change of Emotion", "Change of Behavior:' There were significant changes in the areas of knowledge(28. 6%), enlightenment(27.4%), and attitudes(20.3%) about sexuality among these 7 categories. The Change of Knowledge category consists of 3 areas: "concretion of knowledge", "increase of information", and "correction of misunderstanding." In the category of Enlightenment, total 12 areas are included: "sex role", "erception of lack of knowledge", "importance of family", "life plan", "parent role", "value of life", "equality", "sexual autonomy", "importance of sexuality", "freedom of sexuality", "perception of sexual problem", and "meaning of love." The Attitude Change category consists of 8 areas. These are "being natural", "being progressive", "being sensitive", "being truthful", "being expressive", "being cautious", "being responsible", and "being confident". The category of Buildup of Ability includes 4 areas: "problem solving", "sex education", "relationship", and "communication". The category of Buildup of Identity includes "sexual identity", and "value of sexuality". The Emotional Change category includes 3 areas: "positive feeling", "negative feeling", and "breaking from negative feeling on sexuality". The Behavior Change category includes "sex-related behavioral change". In conclusion, up to now most researches on sex education effect measures only changes of knowledge, attitude, and behavior. But we believe the changes in "Enlightenment", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of Identity", "Change of Emotion", should be included in addition to knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the development of an instrument to measure the sex education effects. And the effect of sex education should measure the degree of learning of autonomy, enlightenment, and ability of behavior and so on rather than studying the simple changes in sexuality.enment", "Buildup of Ability", "Buildup of Identity", "Change of Emotion", should be included in addition to knowledge, attitude, and behavior in the development of an instrument to measure the sex education effects. And the effect of sex education should measure the degree of learning of autonomy, enlightenment, and ability of behavior and so on rather than studying the simple changes in sexuality.ng the simple changes in sexuality.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.211-234
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• 1999

The purpose of this article was to get hold of adolescent's needs for sex knowledge and to reveal their understanding of sex. These results may be applied to the sex education and counselling for adolescent. The participants of study were 267 students (females, 144 ; males, 123) who were the first and second grade form 1 middle and 2 high schools. They were asked to describe 3 questions that they wanted to know or to learn about sex. Their questions about sex were total 779(girls, subtotal 456, mean 3.2, boys, subtotal 323, mean, 2.6). These questions categorized to 9 items by content analysis. The items were ‘sexual drive, behavior and tendency(229, 29.4%)’ , ‘anatomy and physiology of reproductive system(140, 18.0%)’, ‘reproduction(131, 16.8%)’, ‘concept of sex(31, 4.0%)’, ‘acquaintance between the other sexes(17, 2.2%)’, and ‘the others(9, 1.2%)’ in order of frequency. The most frequent item that the student want to know or team about sex was ‘sexual drive, behavior and tendency’ except girls of sophomore in middle school. There were several features in participants' needs for sex knowledge as respects of the understanding of sex- biological sex, gender, and sexuality. The prominent feature in knowledge need of bio logical sex was that the participants had the interests according to their biological sex. They had the negative attitude to the phenomenons (ex, menstruation and pregnancy, phimosiectomy, etc) that they experienced or would experience due to their biological sex. A part of them asked the questions based the misconceptions and used the slangs or ‘××’, ect. to name the male or female genitalia. The male students wanted to know the female genitalia. The participants' understanding of gender reflected the sexism of our society, but they didn't accept and had doubts about the dual, hierarchical structure of that. The students, especially female seemed to be powerless to the harms of the sexual violence. Girls had much interest in their appearances and complained to our sexual culture that women comforted and served men. The participants had the dual perspective that the sexuality as respects of physiologic phenomenon was considered as natural but that as related to heterosexuals was as negative. And they deemed that men's sexual drive was stronger than women's and was difficult or was not able to be inhibited. They had much interests in homosexuality but reflected the negative attitude to that in our society. Adolescent felt wonder why the expressions of sexuality of adult were permitted but theirs were not. Lastly, a part of boys substituted querying the sexuality of animals for asking that of human. Maybe it was because of the embarrassment to talk about human's sexuality directly. The teenaged participants understood that the sex had not only the biological meanings but also the sociocultural meanings. They regarded the sex as natural and wanted to know it, but they had conceptions that it was difficult and embarrass to talk about it openly and directly.