• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.54 no.12
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• pp.948-970
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• 2016

For three years, from 2014 to 2016, in dental history class, 263 3rd grade students, attending postgraduate dental school had reviewed current problems of the dentistry and dental care system by adopting historical thinking, in forms of essays, editorials, and papers, The purpose of this study is to know whether writing has educational benefits on students. Analysis of the writings and Student course evaluation showed that it is beneficial. All of the students agreed on submitting a qualitative study project instead of taking midterms on 2016. The approval ratio has increased over the years, on 2014 being 82%, on 2015 being 98%, on 2016 being 100%. For that reason, it is not an assertion to deduce that the students have experienced benefits while developing their genuine thoughts on the current status or problems, exploring what their role is, and what they will face. The chronological thinking had been used throughout the researches to identify what Dentistry and Dentist is. Dentistry have encompassed knowledges of natural sciences, humanities and other fields when needed to perfect itself. In doing so, Dentist achieved independence from doctor or other cooperatives. Research on Korean Dental care system has involved in historical thinking, including historical analysis, inquisition, and historical imagination, insight. etc. If the in-depth evaluation consisting of history and writing is sustained, it would be very effective teaching method.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.553-563
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• 1998

In this thesis, I examined Bruner's EIS theory from the viewpoint of epistemology based on Piaget's genetic epistemology. Although Bruner's ideal thought which insisted ‘to teach the structure’accepted Piaget's theory in the methodology of realization, it is different from Piaget in understanding knowledge. The difference is shown from understanding the meaning of ‘structure’. Piaget's concept of structure is something that has overcome the realistic viewpoint of the traditional epistemology and is reconstructed through endless self-regulative transformational process. However Bruner's is used as a realistic meaning as we can see in the Plato's recollection theory. Therefore Piaget's ‘stage of development’means the difference of structure which lies in the generative process and it includes the qualitive difference of level. On the other hand, Bruner, who is trying to translate and suggest the fixed structure to the children understood Piaget's stage of development as the difference in the ways of representation. Piaget's operational constructivism insists that the children should ‘construct’the knowledge through their activity, and especially in case of the lohico-mathematical recognition, the source should be internalized activity, that is, operation. In view of this assertion, Burner's idea which insists to accept the structure of knowledge as a fixed reality and to suggest the translated representation proper to the cognitive structure of the children to teach them, has a danger of emphasizing only the functional aspects to deliver the given knowledge ‘quickly’. And it also has the danger of damaging ‘the nature of the knowledge’in the translated knowledge.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.9
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• pp.2405-2423
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• 2012

In a traditional Single Sign-On (SSO) scheme, the user and the Service Providers (SPs) have given their trust to the Identity Provider (IdP) or Authentication Service Provider (ASP) for the authentication and correct assertion. However, we still need a better solution for the local/native true SSO to gain user confidence, whereby the trusted entity must play the role of the ASP between distinct SPs. This technical gap has been filled by Trusted Computing (TC), where the remote attestation approach introduced by the Trusted Computing Group (TCG) is to attest whether the remote platform integrity is indeed trusted or not. In this paper, we demonstrate a Trustworthy Mutual Attestation (TMutualA) protocol as a proof of concept implementation for a local true SSO using the Integrity Measurement Architecture (IMA) with the Trusted Platform Module (TPM). In our proposed protocol, firstly, the user and SP platform integrity are checked (i.e., hardware and software integrity state verification) before allowing access to a protected resource sited at the SP and releasing a user authentication token to the SP. We evaluated the performance of the proposed TMutualA protocol, in particular, the client and server attestation time and the round trip of the mutual attestation time.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.713-721
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• 2013

This paper describes an efficiency of chroma based tonal features for speech emotion recognition. As the tonality caused by major or minor keys affects to the perception of musical mood, so the speech tonality affects the perception of the emotional states of spoken utterances. In order to justify this assertion with respect to tonality and emotion, subjective hearing tests are carried out by using synthesized signals generated from chroma features, and consequently show that the tonality contributes especially to the perception of the negative emotion such as anger and sad. In automatic emotion recognition tests, the modified chroma-based tonal features are shown to produce noticeable improvement of accuracy when they are supplemented to the conventional log-frequency power coefficient (LFPC)-based spectral features.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.175-184
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• 2010

We agree with Hanna and Jahnke's assertion on the use of arguments from physics in mathematical proofs and analyze their educational example of the use of arguments from physics in the proof of the center of gravity of a triangle. Moreover, we suggest practical models for the center of gravity of a triangle for the demonstration in a classroom. Comparing with the traditional mathematical arguments, the role of concepts and models from physics in arguments from physics will be clearly pointed out. Also, the necessity for arguments from physics in the classroom will be discussed in this paper.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.2607-2627
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• 2017

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has received considerable attention due to its effectiveness of reducing high dimensional data and importance of producing a parts-based image representation. Most of existing NMF variants attempt to address the assertion that the observed data distribute on a nonlinear low-dimensional manifold. However, recent research results showed that not only the observed data but also the features lie on the low-dimensional manifolds. In addition, a few hard priori label information is available and thus helps to uncover the intrinsic geometrical and discriminative structures of the data space. Motivated by the two aspects above mentioned, we propose a novel algorithm to enhance the effectiveness of image representation, called Dual graph-regularized Constrained Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (DCNMF). The underlying philosophy of the proposed method is that it not only considers the geometric structures of the data manifold and the feature manifold simultaneously, but also mines valuable information from a few known labeled examples. These schemes will improve the performance of image representation and thus enhance the effectiveness of image classification. Extensive experiments on common benchmarks demonstrated that DCNMF has its superiority in image classification compared with state-of-the-art methods.

• Lingua Humanitatis
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• v.5
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• pp.193-217
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• 2003

This paper aims to infer conversational implicatures from Chief Priest Sung-chul′s Nirvanic song in light of the Buddhist view of language and its communicative functions. Zen-dialogs in which nirvanic songs are classified are defined as rational dialogs, which in fact observe the rules of conversation such as the ones proposed by Paul Grice (1975) even though they apparently ignore the rules. This paper also addresses the formal characteristics of the Priest′s nirvanic song and argues that the song exploits the rules of conversation using the whole song as an implicature trigger. Taking it for granted that Chief Priest Sung-chul holds the view on language and its communicative functions just as specified in the Doctrine of Mere Consciousness, which is one of the major tenets of Korean Buddhism, especially of the Chogye order, this paper tries to explicitly show and systematize the language-to-world relationship, which is only alluded to in the Doctrine of Mere Consciousness. This paper also refines the assertion of the doctrine as to the nature of language, which maintains that language is not associated with either the mind or outer objects (that is, an unassociated dharma), and is "a shared thing among shared things." This shows that language continuously interacts with the mind in a different way from the ones in which associated mental activities (caittas) interact with the mind and that accordingly, language is "an unshared thing among shared things."

• Review of KIISC
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 2006

국제표준화기구인 ITU-T의 SGl7 WP2는 정보통신 보안에 관한 표준화를 다루는 연구그룹이며, 7개의 연구과제(Question)를 두고 통신망을 위한 정보보호 표준화 작업을 진행하고 있다. 이 연구과제들 중 연구과제 9에서는 안전한 통신 서비스라는 이름으로 홈네트워크 보안 표준, 모바일 보안 표준, 웹 서비스 보안 기술, 그리고 안전한 응용 프로토콜 등에 대한 표준을 개발 중에 있다. 현재 연구과제 9가 제정한 표준은 2004년 3월 한국과 일본이 공동으로 제안한 X.1121, X.1122 표준이 존재하며, 2005년도 10월 제네바회의를 통하여 홈네트워크 보안 분야의 3개의 표준과제, 모바일 보안 관련 3개의 표준과제, 안전한 응용 프로토콜 관련 4개의 표준과제, 그리고 웹서비스 보안 관련 2개의 표준과제들이 개발되고 있다. 2005년 3월 모스코바 회의와 2005년 7월 중국 센젠회의에서 OASIS(Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards.)는 각각 SAML(Security Assertion Markup Language) 표준과 XACML(Extensible Access Control Markup Language) 표준을 ITU-T 표준으로 이전할 것을 제안하였고, 이번 회의를 통해 이를 위하여 해결해야 할 여러 문제들이 논의되고 해결방안이 도출되었으며, 이를 위한 향후 추진 일정을 확정하였다. SAML과 XACML 표준은 홈네트워크 및 모바일 보안, 그리고 안전한 프로토콜 표준시에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. 본 논문에서는 연구과제 9에서 수행되고 있는 지난 2005년도 제네바 회의에서 합의된 주요 표준화 동향을 살펴보고, 현재 논의되고 있는 주요 쟁점사항을 살펴보며, 쟁점사항과 토론 결과, 그리고 향후 추진방향을 제시한다.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

In the urban area where rapid suburbanization trend continues, the role of mixed use building is controversial. It is argued that the mixed use building is an effective tool to recover residential function of urban core(urban regeneration). It is also argued that the building is a cause of serious urban problems, such as congestion, public service shortages. The fundamental purpose of this study is to examine the role of mixed use building in terms of urban growth management in Seoul. For this purpose, data of mixed use building from 1981 to 2007 are collected and analysed. The results show that most of mixed use buildings are located in either sub-centers or population losing areas, rather than traditional urban core. Therefore, it is hard to accept that the two controversial arguments. The mixed use building noncore areas in most cases. However, it dose help to increase population inflow in non-core areas. it is difficult to accept the public service assertion which states that super-high rise mixed use building causes public service congestion, because the building is built in population losing or demand decreasing area. Based on these findings this study suggests some policy alternatives such as urban service boundary or concurrency program to management urban growth.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.15-24
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• 2007

모바일 및 웹 어플리케이션의 통합으로 인해 모바일 사용자들이 접근할 수 있는 서비스의 수는 크게 증가했지만 사용자들은 여러 개의 사용자 이름과 패스워드를 관리해야하는 어려움을 가지고 있다. 이와 유사한 상황은 다양한 종류의 개인장비, 무선 센서, 서버, 서비스 그리고 댁내에서 네트워크화 된 기기들로 구성된 흠 네트워크 환경으로 확장될 수 있다. 최근 디지털 홈 워킹 그룹 (DHWG: Digital Home Working Group)은 보안 강화를 위해 사용자와 기기에 대한 호환성 있는 인증 및 인가 메커니즘을 위한 프레임워크를 준비할 것을 권고하고 있다. 인터넷, 인트라넷 그리고 댁내에 분산된 자원들을 사용하기 위해 각 어플리케이션에 대한 사용자의 인증 및 인가는 반드시 필요하지만 이는 보안 관리와 시스템성능 측면에서는 커다란 부담이 된다. 본 논문에서는 XML기반의 단일인증기술 표준인 SAML (Security Assertion Markup Language)을 이용한 단일인증 아키텍처를 제안한다. 제안된 아키텍처를 기반으로 모바일 및 유비쿼터스 서비스 환경에서 모바일과 홈 기기간에 서로 다른 개체의 인증 및 인가 프로파일 정보의 교환을 가능하게 하므로 분산 환경에서의 보안 관리를 강화할 수 있다. 특히 제안된 아키텍처에서는 고도의 연산능력을 필요로 하는 보안정보의 전자서명 및 암복호 작업을 유선환경에 구성된 고성능의 기기로 전가하고 모바일 기기는 사용자의 인증을 검증할 수 있는 작은 문자열 형태의 artifact를 보유하고 이를 사용자의 인증에 이용함으로써 낮은 컴퓨팅 능력과 기억용량의 한계 같은 모바일 기기의 성능적인 제약을 극복할 수 있게 한다.