• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.63-82
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to compare growth condition of landscape woody plants growing on the different ground structures in apartment complex. I chose Manseok Beach Town Complex 2, in Manseok-dong, Seo-gu, Incheon which has both natural and artificial ground as a subject site. Analysis of three phases of soil showed that artificial ground had average liquid phase of 30.89%, artificial ground mounding 33.88% and natural ground 24.40%. It means that artificial ground has higher water content than natural ground despite having same earthiness. It is believed that artificial ground is not as well drained as natural ground even though it is connected to the natural ground and has a deep soil depth because of mounding. Comparative study between woody plants on natural ground and those on artificial ground demonstrated that trees on natural ground grew 40.4% compared to those on artificial ground(0.875mm more) in terms of diameter growth. Average diameter growth of trees on natural ground was 3.040mm against 2.165mm for those on artificial ground. All 19 tree species which were measured for root diameter growth showed similar or higher growth on natural ground than on artificial ground. When it comes to growth of height, arborvitae showed highest growth on natural ground, followed by Thuja occidentalis, Pinus strobus, Magnolia denudata, Diospyros kaki and Aesculus turbinata. I measured branch growth and rate of leaf adherence of Pinus strobus. Average annual rate of branch growth of woody plants on natural ground was twice as high as those on artificial ground. I could conclude that ground structure influences branch growth of Pinus strobus. Statistics analysis of tree damage demonstrated significant result, meaning that there is a difference in the average damage rate depending on structure of ground. In order to validate growth difference by planting ground, I conducted T-Test of growth of diameter, root diameter, branch and height on woody plants growing on natural and artificial ground. As a result, it is believed that there is a difference in the growth of trees depending on the ground structure. Putting all these results together demonstrates that woody plants on natural ground generally grow better than those on artificial ground, which means ground structure does have an influence on the environment of growth of trees.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.170-175
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• 2009

Apartment housing block has been spreaded according to rapid economic development and urbanization in Korea. A parking lot is located at underground, artificial ground is inevitably created in apartment housing block. Artificial ground creates different thermal environment compared to natural ground, because the composition and coverage of artificial ground are diverse. In this study, the effect of the artificial ground on building thermal environment will be disscussed by simulation. Considering the result of simulation, surface albedo is more important for building energy performance. A purpose of this study is to examine how the characteristic of surface effect to thermal environment, and to develop design method for sustainable outdoor space.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.7-16
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• 1991

This research investigated soil, plants, insects and birds in the Mongchon Earth Fort, establishing the 11 plots, according to planting treatment, in order to present management method for ecological stability of species in the ground covering plots. The results of analysizing the investigated data summarize as follows. 1. In the ground covering plots without upper layer, the density and coverage of middle and low layer in the natural plots were higher than those in the artificial plots. 2. In the ground covering plots without upper layer, the density and coverage of low layer were higher than those in the artificial, while the density and coverage of herb layer in the natural plots were lower. 3. Whether there was upper layer or not, the total species diversity and enenness of the ground covering community in the natural plot without artificial treatment and natural treatment plot were higher than those ground covering. 4. In the ground covering plots with upper layer, the species diversity of ground covering in the plots without artificial treatment is high, while the species diversity in the plots with natural treatment caused the secondary succession is higher than that of the natural plot. 5. In the ground covering plots without upper layer, the species diversity in the plots with artificial management was higher than that of natural plots, while the evenness in the plots with artificial management was lower. 6. In the ground covering plots with upper layer the species diversity of insect in the plot of natural state was higher than that of insect in the plots with artifical treatment. 7. Synthetically, in the area with upper layer the species diversity of the ground covering community in the natural plot was high, while in the area without upper layer, the species diversity of it in the plots with artificial treatment was high. The insect turned up frequently in the plots of high species diversity of the ground covering, so the bird did in the plots of high species diversity of the ground covering and insects.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2009

Artificial ground greening has been developed gradually in accordance with increasing demands of out-door space in Apartment complexes. Nowadays other social demand, environmental load abatement, needs qualitative growth of artificial ground greening as well as quantitative growth. So the objects of this study would be seizing and analyzing changeable items in artificial ground greening in the future, and show drafting materials for the development of spheres in connected with artificial ground greening. For this study, Delphi method was applied. First, three groups of panel, 48 people, were selected. Second, set up items of changes possible in the future from the first questionnaire and additional inquiry. Third, made up the second questionnaire of change possible in the future with Likert summated scale, and finally one way - ANOVA executed; independent variables were items of changes, and dependent variables were three groups of panel. To conclude, although limits of this study, we could glance over general flows and changes in artificial ground greening, and discover items which are hardly changeable and necessary to change in present condition of artificial ground greening.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.16-25
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• 2018

터널 굴착시 지반진동을 감소시키기 위해 굴착면에 부분적인 자유면을 형성하고 제어발파를 수행하는 자유면 발파공법이 적용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 다이어몬드 와이어 쏘를 이용하여 인공절리를 심발부에 형성하고, 심발부 발파 시 발생되는 지반진동을 비교함으로써 인공절리에 의한 지반진동 감소를 평가하였다. 해석 결과, 일반 심발발파보다 인공절리 심발발파에서 지반진동이 감소하였으며, 수직 인공절리 심발발파보다 수평 인공절리 심발발파에서의 지반진동 감소 효과가 더 크게 평가되었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 1994년도 연약지반처리위원회 봄 학술발표회 논문집 연약지반처리
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• pp.13-46
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• 1994

Artificial ground freezing methods have been applied to geotechnical construction projects for stabilizing earth materials and controlling water seepage into the ground. However, this can result in frost heaving and causes the same engineering problems as encountered with the natural freezing of soil. In natural freezing, the ground freezes from the surface downward. When artificial ground freezing is applied at a deep location, however, freezing is limited locally. The soil condition differs between them as follows: Natural freezing - unsaturated and without overburden pressure. Artificial freezing -- saturated and under overburden pressure. The authors investigated the practical application of artificial ground freezing and examined the frost behaviour of a saturated soil under overburden pressure. This paper presents the results obtained from experiments concerning frost heaving and discusses frost heaving at the freezing site.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.297-311
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• 1998

Landscaping on artificial ground is currently served as a means to imposing a greenery benefit on high-density and high-rise apartment sites. It functions as a sub-hierarchy in apartment planning such as ornamental element from the past. Major parking space tends to be allocated on the basement area in response to the required parking regulation. Therefore, competitive relatioinship between the parking and greenery space I limited outdoor of apartments leads to the development planning strategy and technology of artificial ground. This study aims at evaluating landscape planning on artificial ground of apartment complex through several approaches such as site survey, plan drawing analysis, and interview with related field experts. 15 survey apartment sites including Bundang Model, Shindaebang-dong, Pyoungchon Hyundai Apartments have been selected for conducting the research. Main results of this study are summarized below : First, scattering allocation of artificial ground between apartment building units is a dominant plan layout type among the survey sites. Even though unifying allocation type has an advantage to maximize underground parking space, it has a difficulty in maintaining proper soil ground base for nurturing plants. Therefore, underground parking space should be planned by unifying allocation type placed separately from apartment units. This plan type can provide a balanced planting between soil and artificial ground on surface level. Second, It is strongly recommended to integrate the whole planting base which involves architectural structure, drainage, and water proofing above the planting design. When considering that process as a professional subject dealing with natural material such as trees and shrubs, those tasks should be directed by landscape architectural divison and landscape architect. And planting area for artificial ground has to be specified in initial phase of architectural design. This step provides an opportunity to make a proper decision on structural load, drainage, and water proof design as an integrated part of the management.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2015

인공어초는 해양환경을 개선하고 어류와 해양생물들에게 주거지를 제공하는 인공 수중 구조물이다. 특히 인공어초가 느슨한 모래, 연약한 점성토와 같은 연약지반에 설치될 경우 인공어초의 자중에 의해 인공어초의 침하가 발생하게 된다. 본 연구에서는 관입실험을 통해 토목섬유 보강 넓이에 따른 인공어초의 지지력 보강효과를 확인하였고, 실내 대형 토조 실험을 통해 침하 저감효과를 확인하였다. 관입실험과 실내 대형 토조 실험을 통해 지오그리드와 같은 토목섬유를 인공어초 하부에 포설하게 되면 지지력이 증가하며, 침하가 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1532-1548
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• 2008

The tunnel type spillways is under construction to increasing water reservoir capacity in Dae-am dam. The tunnel outlet was planned to be made after installing slope stabilization system on natural slope there. Generally, the tunnel outlet is made perpendicularly to the slope, but in this case, it had to be made obliquely to the slope for not interrupting flow of river. Because of excavation in condition of natural slope caused to deflecting earth pressure, the outlet couldn't be made. So, artificial ground made with concrete that it was constructed in the outside of tunnel for producing the arching effect which enables to make a outlet. We were planned tunnel excavation was carried out after artificial ground made. Artificial ground made by poor mix concrete of which it was planned that the thickness was at least 3.0m height from outside of tunnel lining and 30cm of height per pouring. Spreading and compaction was planned utilized weight of 15 ton roller machine. In order to access of working truck, slope of artificial ground was designed 1:1.0 and applied 2% slope in upper pert of it for easily drainage of water. In addition to, upper pert of artificial ground was covered with soil, because of impaction of rock fall from upper slope was made minimum. The tunnel excavation of the artificial ground was designed application with special blasting method that it was Super Wedge and control blasting utilized with pre-percussion hole.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 녹화를 위한 인공지반이 구조물에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 인공지반 녹화 시 고려해야 할 기술적 사항은 건물에 미치는 하중과 식물의 생육에 관한 것이다. 인공지반이 구조물에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 연구에서는 펄라이트와 자연토양이 혼합된 인공지반이 구조물에 미치는 하중으로 인한 영향을 분석하였다. 인공지반이 구조물에 미치는 하중은 인공지반이 포화되었을 때 최대가 되며, 강우강도가 인공지반의 침투능을 증가할 때 인공지반이 포화된다. 인공지반의 포화 여부를 판정하기 위하여 강우 강도는 도시배수시설물 설계에 이용되는 10년 빈도 10분 강우 강도를 이용하였고, 침투능은 정수위투수계수 측정법을 이용하여 산정하였다. 인공토 및 혼합토는 그 비율에 따라 투수계수가 변하며, 특히 다짐 정도에 따라 변동이 큰 것으로 나타났으나, 대부분의 경우 재현기간 10년의 10분 강우강도를 초과하지는 않았다. 따라서 인공지반의 포화단위중량을 구조물 설계의 설계하중으로 적용하여야 함을 알 수 있다.