• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.173-192
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• 2007

We define mathematical learning as a process of overcoming framing difference of teachers and students, two main subjects in a mathematics class. We have reached this definition to the effect that we can grasp a mathematical classroom per so and understand students' mathematical learning in the context. We could clearly understand the process in which the framing differences are overcome by analyzing mutual negotiation of informants in specific cultural models, both in its form as well as in its meaning. We review both of the direct and indirect forms of negotiation while keeping track of 'evolution of subject' in terms of content of negotiation. More specifically, we discuss direct negotiation briefly and review indirect negotiation from three distinct themes of (1) argument structure, (2) revoicing, and (3) development patterns and narrative structure of proof. In addition, we describe the content of negotiation under the title of 'Evolution of Subject.' We found that major modes of mutual negotiation are inter-reference and appropriation while the product of continued negotiation is inter-resemblance.

• Advances in Energy Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2015

In this paper, we have reported an enhancement in thermoelectric properties of un-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on silicon (001) substrate by annealing treatment. The grown ZnO thin films were annealed in oxygen environment at $500^{\circ}C-800^{\circ}C$, keeping a step of $100^{\circ}C$ for one hour. Room temperature Seekbeck measurements showed that Seebeck coefficient and power factor increased from 222 to $510{\mu}V/K$ and $8.8{\times}10^{-6}$ to $2.6{\times}10^{-4}Wm^{-1}K^{-2}$ as annealing temperature increased from 500 to $800^{\circ}C$ respectively. This observation was related with the improvement of crystal structure of grown films with annealing temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results demonstrated that full width half maximum (FWHM) of ZnO (002) plane decreased and crystalline size increased as the annealing temperature increased. Photoluminescence study revealed that the intensity of band edge emission increased and defect emission decreased as annealing temperature increased because the density of oxygen vacancy related donor defects decreased with annealing temperature. This argument was further justified by the Hall measurements which showed a decreasing trend of carrier concentration with annealing temperature.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제78권
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• pp.141-176
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• 2016

본고는 기존의 미디어산업 분석에서 사용된 정태적 집중지표가 일부 유형에 한정되어 있다는 것에 주목하고 새로운 정태적 집중지표의 활용 가능성을 탐색하였다. 특히, 산업 내의 불평등 구조를 포착하는 타일지수는 미디어 산업의 정태적 분석에 있어서 유용하게 사용될 수 있다. 동태적 경쟁을 포착하는 여러 유형의 이동지표도 미디어 산업을 동태적 시각에서 분석하는 데에 있어서 다양한 정보를 제공한다. 타일지수와 이동지표들을 활용하여 2001년에서 2015년까지 전국종합일간지 시장구조를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시장규모 변화 추세를 보면 매출액 규모는 감소했다. 반면에 자산 규모는 U자형의 추세를 보였는데, 이는 자기자본비율의 증가에 기인한다. 또한 발행부수 및 유료부수 규모도 감소했다(2010~2014년). 자산 기준으로 보면 시장집중도 뿐만 아니라 조중동 그룹과 기타 그룹 간 불균등도가 이명박 정부에서 가장 높았다. 매출액 기준으로 보면 시장집중도는 노무현 정부에서 가장 낮았으며 그룹 간 불균등도는 박근혜 정부 초기에서 가장 높았다. 전반적으로 신문사들의 자산과 매출액은 각각 평균으로 수렴하려는 이동성을 보였다. 그리고 자산에 비해 매출액으로, 매출액에 비해 발행부수로 시장점유율을 측정할 경우에 동태적 경쟁의 정도는 약하게 나타났다.

• 인문언어
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.179-196
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• 2001

According to Formalist theory, form is not separate from content. Form does not merely convey or express content but can itself produce meaning. The close correlation of the narrative structure, more specifically the time structure of the narrative, and the narrative style of Kim Seung-Ok′s short story′"Travel in Mujin" provides a good example of this argument. The story opens with the first-person narrator, currently living in the bustling city of Seoul, back in his small provincial home town Mujin, where he brings up memories that had been hitherto suppressed. The revived memories are ordered into the narrator′s present thought structure, in effect bridging the vast psychological rift between the lost past and the present. The narrator′s travel in Mujin thus becomes a psychological journey, and Mujin becomes a psychological space where the narrator can experience the continuity of his own being. The "narrating I" excludes the principles of reality from his narrative, concentrating on the inner thoughts, recollections, psychological experience, and the level of consciousness of the "narrated I." This narrative attitude or style expresses the narrator-protagonist′s acceptance and affirmation of the thoughts and actions occur in Mujin (which he had till now been resistant to). It is also an affirmation of the narrative act itself. Before the travel back to Mujin, the narrator-protagonist′s thoughts about his home town was ambivalent-an attitude originating from nostalgia, together with the narrator-protagonist′s ambivalent attitude toward his youthful past. It is a reflection of the narrator-protagonist′s desire for purity intermingled with a disdain for his enervated existence in Seoul. This ambivalence is resolved by the "I" of the narrative present, and Mujin enables him to come to a renewed affirmation of his life.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.56-71
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• 2023

본 연구의 목적은 논증구조를 교수적 추론 도구로 활용한 예비 지구과학 교사들이 말하는 논증구조의 역할과 실효성을 탐구하고, 이 과정에서 예비교사들이 보여주는 PCK 특성을 탐구하려는 것이다. 논증구조를 활용한 수업 계획과 성찰을 체험하는 일련의 교수적 추론과정에서 교사의 PCK가 발휘되므로, 본 연구에 참여한 예비교사들이 보여주는 미래지향적 가족유사성 PCK의 특성을 탐색하였다. 이를 위해 15명의 예비 지구과학 교사들이 참여하여 논증구조를 활용하여 수업설계와 수업시연을 체험하고, 학기말에 수업 체험에 대한 심층면담을 실시하였다. 심층면담을 토대로 질적 분석을 실시함과 동시에 예비교사들의 가족유사성 PCK의 특성을 분석하기 위해 의미연결망 분석을 실시하였다. 주요 연구결과를 살펴보면, 예비교사들은 논증구조를 적용하면서 수업을 조직적으로 계획하고, 사실에서 결론에 이르기까지 관련된 논증요소를 구분함으로써 짜임새 있게 수업을 구성하였다. 논증구조 구성요소별 특징을 살펴보면, 예비교사들은 사실과 결론의 징검다리인 논거, 반박, 한정어 등을 찾아내는 데 어려움을 겪은 것으로 나타났다. 논증구조로 인해 가장 많은 영향을 받은 PCK 영역은 과학수업 실천 부분으로, 수업내용에 적합한 수업모형선정, 과학수업을 통한 데이터 리터러시와 디지털 역량개발 등을 예비교사들은 강조하였다. 연구결과를 토대로 교수적 추론 도구로서 논증구조의 잠재력과 활용 가능성, 논증구조를 활용한 과학수업을 체험한 중등학교 학생들의 과학탐구와 추론 역량 개발의 가능성, 논증구조를 교수적 추론 도구로 활용하는 교사교육 프로토콜 개발의 필요성 등을 결론으로 제언하였다.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.195-222
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• 2022

From the economic development perspective, economic growth should accompany structural improvement in order to meet complex demands from a society. In the context of development economics, economic growth is critically dependent on successful structural advancement. The issue of structural change is also important for advanced economies as the landscape of modern industry is changing fast. Many advanced countries of slow growth are experiencing dawdling changes in industry structure. However, there is no definitive answer to the question of whether there is a causal relationship between structural change and growth. This study empirically assesses the relationship between structural change or 'speed' thereof and economic growth in developed countries of OECD. Rather than looking into the causes of structural changes, this study simply measures structural changes in OECD economies and examines if structural change is really contributing to growth. The reason why this study focuses on advanced countries of OECD is rather obvious; technological innovation and emergence of new industries pressure these countries to restructure their economies to address these new challenges though they are at stages well beyond conventional industrialization. And structural rigidity can always limit growth even in advanced countries. The main results of this study can be summarized as a positive relationship between 'change and growth'. 'Change' in this study refers to changes in the industrial structure based on value-added and was analyzed to have a close positive relationship with economic growth. This result is consistent with arguments of early development economists emphasizing structural upgrade as an indispensable process for growth and development. The result of this study potentially confirms that the main argument of development economics is valid also for advanced economies. One of our results suggests that business/professional services and social services should be main targets for restructuring for advanced economies. The rational may be that rapid convergence of manufacturing and services is a key for structural advancement in the era of new technologies. Obviously, as manufacturing technology and production are standardized, it is difficult to secure international competitiveness through traditional manufacturing alone and the role of R&D, design, logistics, and marketing is becoming more important.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.251-266
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• 2002

This paper aims to compare and analyse the pattern of the pitch accent realization between the English native speakers and the .Korean speakers, using the sentences by the scope of focus including intransitive verbs; unaccusative, unergative, and passive, based on the previous studies. The results show that the English native speakers produce the intonational patterns similar to the previous study (Hoskins, 1996), which showed that English native speakers deaccented after the focused word for unaccusative and passive verbs in broad focus. Korean speakers, however, have a tendency not to deaccent after the focused word for both verbs. In the narrow subject focus condition, Koreans do not deaccent the verbs after the focused subject. In the narrow verb focus condition, they produce the pitch accent on verbs as the English native speakers do, but they tend to produce the pitch accent on subjects that should not be given any pitch accent. Therefore, unlike the English native speakers, the Korean speakers have a tendency not only that they do not produce three types of intransitive verbs with proper intonation, but also that they do not realize the focus structure itself properly.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보과학회 2011년도 한국컴퓨터종합학술대회논문집 Vol.38 No.1(A)
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• pp.154-157
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• 2011

본 연구는 2인의 전문의와 함께 의료 문헌의 초록을 분석하여 의료문서에서의 절차적 지식을 모델링하고 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 적용하여 절차적 지식을 추출하는 방법론에 대해 기술한다. 절차적 지식은 목적과 해법의 묶음으로, 해법은 다시 단위 절차 지식의 네트워크로 정의 하였고, 목적과 해법 정보 추출과 단위 절차 지식의 구성요소인 대상/행위/방법 개체를 인식하기 위해, 품사태깅, 구문분석, 술어-논항구조(Predicate-Argument Structure), 온톨로지 용어 매핑 정보 등에 기반한 기계학습 방법을 사용하였다. 실험을 위해 전문의와 함께 위함과 척추질환에 대한 1309 문서에 절차적 지식 태깅을 수행하였고, 이 문서 집합을 기반으로 목적/해법 추출 작업과 단위 절차 지식(대상질병/행위/적용방법) 추출 실험을 수행하여, 각각 82% 와 63%의 F-measure 값을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.589-600
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of science writing heuristic(SWH) instruction based on Tolumin's structure of argument, on students' science process skills and scientific attitude. In the instruction, unstructured problems were selected with issues to be argued, in which interactions among students are stressed. This research involved 58 students of 5th grade at an elementary school, and divided them into an experimental group with 29 and a control group with 29. The former was treated with instruction using argumentation as SWH, while the latter with conventional ways of instruction. Science process skills and scientific attitude were compared between the two groups and within each of the groups. The results implied that science instruction using science writing heuristic is effective in improving learning science process skills and scientific attitude.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.36.2-36.2
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• 2010

A small amount of Na incorporated in $CuInSe_2$ (CIS) absorption layer has become widely accepted as a requirement for efficient polycrystalline CIS solar cells. However, there is ongoing argument on the role of sodium incorporated in the absorber. In this paper, CIS absorption layers have been deposited using the three-stage co-evaporation process on Mo coated non-Alkali glass substrates. The NaF was evaporated during the second-stage with various fluxes. This paper is focusing on differences of micro-structure and composition ratio of the absorber realized with different Na contents and the variation of electrical properties of the cells with the corresponding absorbers. The analytical results of x-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and current-voltage characteristics will be discussed to investigate the effect of NaF flux on the CIS absorber formation and its cell performance.