• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.382-388
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• 2019

Streptococcosis caused by Streptococcus parauberis is a very important disease in farmed olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. For most fish pathogens, including S. parauberis, there are no analytical criteria to distinguish antibioticsusceptible strains from antibiotic-resistant strains. In this study, epidemiological cut-off ($CO_{WT}$) values were generated to classify 75 strains of S. parauberis isolated from 1999 to 2018 as wild type (WT) and non-wild type (NWT) using disc diffusion data and normalized resistance interpretation (NRI) analysis. The susceptibility of the isolates to 16 antibiotics was evaluated using CLSI guideline M42-A. The wild-type cut-off values for amoxicillin, erythromycin, oxytetracycline, and florfenicol for S. parauberis were ${\geq}35$, 31, 28, and 27 mm, respectively. The NWT ratios of S. parauberis strains to treatment with GEN, FFC, ENR, SXT, EFT, VAN, and CHL were 17% or less, indicating that these antibiotics may be used to treat streptococcosis caused by S. parauberis. For recent S. parauberis isolates, the NWT ratios for AMX, ERY, OTC and FFC are much higher than for strains isolated from 1999-2007. The $CO_{WT}$ data from this study will assist aquatic animal disease professionals in prescribing appropriate antibiotics for the treatment of streptococcosis caused by S. parauberis, which will help reduce the misuse and abuse of antibiotics in the aquaculture sector.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-25
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• 2000

To compare the respiratory burst activity potential of the phagocytes isolated from head kidney, spleen, and peripheral blood 1ll cultured rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli), chemiluminescent (CL) response analysis was performed. The phagocytes isolated from peripheral blood showed greater and faster CL response to the opsonized zymosan compared to that of the phagocytes isolated from kidney or spleen. This may imply a significant role of the blood phagocytes in defence mechanism of rockfish. The different responses found in the CL analysis among the phagocytes isolated from peripheral blood, kidney, and spleen may reflect differences in activation state or activity of phagocytes.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.798-808
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aquatic exercise on rehabilitation in home stroke patients. Method: A quasi-experimental pretest and posttest design was used to examine the change of balance, ADL, IADL, pain, depression and self-efficacy atthe completion of 6-weeks aquatic exercise program. The subjects consisted of 25 adults who had a stroke. Thirteen experimental and twelve control subjects completed pre and post test measures. Outcome variables were balance, ADL, IADL, pain, depression and self-efficacy. Chi-Square test(Fisher's exact method) was used to examine the equality of the subjects and Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test used to examine the group difference by using SAS. Results: There was no significant difference in balance and depression between the two groups. However, there was a significant difference in ADL, IADL, pain and self-efficacy between the two groups. Conclusion: Aquatic exercise can improve ADL, IADL, self-efficacy and reduce pain. Therefore, further research is recommended by increasing the length of aquatic exercise and number of subjects, so that its effects can be more generalizable.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2006

The influences of a series of new azo direct dyes including copper-complexes based on benzidine congeners, 2,2'-dimethyl-5,5'-dipropoxybenzidine and 5,5'-dipropoxybenzidine, were examined using microorganism, Daphnia magna. The purpose of the research described in this paper was to use bioassays with daphnids to determine the aquatic toxicity of new azo dyes in which copper was incorporated. The results clearly show that copper has negative effects to aquatic ecosystem as expected. The study also suggested that the assay with Daphnia magna was an excellent method to evaluate the influences of dyes to the aquatic environment.

• Mycobiology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2002

Aquatic fungi from four brackish water lakes; Edku, Burullus and Manzala lakes which are located at the northern region of Egypt and Qarun lake that located in El-Fayoum city are reported in this manuscript. Twenty-nine fungal species which belong to 19 genera of aquatic fungi were recovered from water samples collected from the studied lakes. The most frequently isolated fungal species were Chytridium conferrop, Allomyces throughout and Rhizoclosmatium globosum. Thraustochytrium amoeboidum and Leptolegniella exoosporus have a moderately occurrence frequency. The maximum fungal count of recovered aquatic fungi was recorded in Burrullus lake followed by EdKu, Manzala and Qarun lakes. This study was extended to test the ability of six selected aquatic fungi(Brevilegniella keratinophila, Blastocladiella cystogena, Chytridium conferrop, Entophlyctis variabilis, Schizochytrium mangrovei and Thraustochytrium rosin), to uptake the radionuclide from their culture medium as a step to biologically treat the waste water or solution with radio-cesium and radio-cobalt. Fifty seven of Cs-137 and 35% of Co-60 could be removed from liquid waste by the selected aquatic fungi.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-48
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• 2001

For the design of suitable aquatic habitats and habitat management purposes, sensitive descriptors for aquatic areas were identified and analyzed. The classification system of the aquatic areas were developed for natural streams and modified streams in Korea. Relationships among the descriptors of an aquatic area such as channel width, meander wave length, and arc angle have been defined. The analysis indicates that the total mean sinuosity is 1.25 for the main channels of natural streams, whereas the mean value of the sinuosity of modified streams is 1.14. The mean values of the total area, the width, and the length for the sandbars of natural streams are larger than those of modified streams.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.547-552
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• 2017

The viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) has an extensive host range, and infects farmed and wild fish inhabiting both freshwater and marine ecosystems. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is highly useful in diagnosing viral hemorrhagic septicemia. However, ELISA shows high, non-specific background reaction with fish antibodies. In this study, we optimized the antigen and antibody concentrations used for detecting specific antibodies in VHSV-infected olive flounder to reduce non-specific binding, and improve the sensitivity of ELISA. The results suggested that OD (optical Density) values were valid when ELISA was performed with $0.1{\mu}g/well$ of virus, involving blocking with blocking buffer (Roth, Roti-Block), 1:300-1:600 dilution with flounder antisera, and 1:1000 dilution with anti-flounder IgM and HRP-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG for detecting the VHSV antibody in flounder sera. Furthermore, 11 different VHSV strains isolated in Korea from 2012 to 2016 were used to infect the fish. The results showed no correlation between viral pathogenicity and antibody production. This research is a basic study on the application of antibody detection in the diagnosis of viral hemorrhagic septicemia in the olive flounder.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2009

본 연구는 난소적출로 유발된 골다공증 유발 백서에서 골쇄보(Drynariae Rhizoma)와 수중운동이 골다공증에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 6주간 수중운동과 Drynariae Rhizoma투여를 실시하여 골강도, 골밀도, 혈중 osteocalcin, ALP, Ca과 P의 양을 측정하였다. 실험설계는 실험군 I은 대조군, 실험군 II는 수중운동 그룹, 실험군 III은 수중운동과 Drynariae Rhizoma 10 mg투여군, 실험군 IV는 Drynariae Rhizoma 10mg투여군으로 나누었다. 각 실험군에서 체중은 유의성 있게 증가하였으며, 골강도는 대조군과 비교하여 수중운동과 골쇄보 10mg 투여군과 골쇄보 10mg 투여군에서 유의하게 증가됨을 관찰 할 수 있었고, 골밀도는 대조군과 비교하여 모든 군에서 증가 하였으나 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 골형성 지표중의 하나인 Osteocalcin 측정치는 대조군과 비교하여 모든 군에서 증가하여 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다. 혈중 ALP 및 P의 변화는 본 실험에서 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 없었으나, 혈중 Ca은 골쇄보 투여와 수중 운동으로 인하여 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론적으로, 골다공증 백서에 수중운동과 Drynariae Rhizoma 투여는 난소 적출 후 감소된 골밀도와 골강도 증가에 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.209-212
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• 2003

Lucigenin (Lg)- and luminol (Lm)-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) was used to compare the respiratory burst of rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) phagocytes after stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). To establish which reactive oxygen species (ROS) contributes to the observed CL, the modulators of ROS metabolism, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and sodium azide $(NaN_3)$ were used. Although LgCL responses were inhibited significantly by the addition of either SOD or catalase, in comparison to the control, significantly lower LgCL responses were recorded by SOD than catalase. LmCL also showed significantly decreased responses by the addition of SOD and catalase. However, there were no statistical differences in CL responses between SOD and catalase additions. More profound and significant decrease of LmCL responses were recorded by simultaneous addition of SOD and catalase. Sodium azide markedly enhanced LgCL responses, while it significantly inhibited LmCL responses. These results indicate that LgCL and LmCL can be used to measure extracellular $O_2$ production and myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated ROS production in fish phagocytes, respectively. Furthermore, LmCL can be used for analyzing intracellular ROS production by simultaneous addition of both SOD and catalase.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.666-674
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• 2012

We examined the cause of a disease outbreak in adult olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, which occurred at a Korean aquaculture farm in Korea in 2011. The principal signs included an expanded abdomen and congested liver, with persistent mortality (a little over two months). At the beginning of the outbreak, farm administrators misjudged the disease as bacterial in origin, because of the aforementioned signs, persistent mortality, and the detection of bacterial species, including Vibrio spp. and Streptococcus spp. Moreover, the detection of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) by reverse trasnscription-PCR analysis was complicated by use of the VHS-VN primer set, which has been in general use recently, because it produced weak bands in some samples. Therefore, we recommend the use of at least two different primer sets in the diagnosis of VHSV. Our histopathological findings indicate that necrotizing myocarditis could be considered a pathogenic sign of VHSV infection.