• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2002

Objectives: This study was to analysis of pain using visual analogue scale and self rating anxiety scale questionnaire. Methods: Questionnaire were completed by 83 adult patients of department relation to pain in hospitals of Daegu from June 20, to August 10, 2001. The information was used to estimate multiple regression for the pain and anxiety scale related factors association. Results: Women visual analogue scale 4.6 scores of mean was higher than man 4.3 scores. Man self rating anxiety scale 30.2 scores of mean was higher than women 26.8 scores. The scores of 6 months above was discomfort 51.8, 1 month below was mild 22.1%, 2-3 months was discomfort 10.5%, and 4-5 months was discomfort 9.3% in association between present pain index and duration. Conclusion: Visual analogue scale scores was significantly associated with frequency of present pain index. Self rating anxiety scale scores was significantly associated with frequency of occupation and present pain index.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2013

Objectives There is a controversy regarding the construct validity of anxiety and depression. Some believe that these two symptoms are basically the same construct, that is, both measure what is called 'general distress' or two phenomena are distinct experiences which often coexist. To further understand relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms, we investigated the factor structure of a combined anxiety and depression scale among psychiatric outpatients. Methods Data of Zung's Self-Rating Depression and Anxiety Scales were gathered from 401 newly visiting psychiatric outpatients at a university-affiliated hospital. We performed a component analysis on the 40 items from two scales. Results Exploratory factor analysis revealed a seven factor structure explaining 56% of total variance. Overall finding indicated that depression and anxiety scales consisted of four symptom domains : mainly depressive symptoms, mainly anxiety symptoms, common somatic symptoms, and others. Conclusions Our results suggest that the construct of self-reported depressive and anxiety symptoms are more complex than previously thought, i.e., either one or two factor theories. These findings also support that anxiety and depression can be better modeled by dimensional approach. Clinicians may be alert for the fact that both depression and anxiety scales measure distinct and also common aspects. Further researches on other scales especially, interview based instruments are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.309-319
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to examine the maternal separation anxiety depending on the quality of day care and mother's self-esteem. subjects consisted of 187 mothers who had children from 60 t 36 months of age. the instruments used were the questionnaires which consisted of the Maternal separation anxiety scale(Cho and park, 1992), Self-Esteem Inventory(Coopersmith, 1967), and the checklist which consisted of the early childhood environment Rating scale(Harms & Clifford, 1980) and the Family Day Care Rating scale(Harms & Clifford, 1989). The datas were analyzed by the statistical method based o frequency, percentile, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The main results were as follows : First, there was a significant difference in maternal separation anxiety by mothers' age and not by their educational levels. Second, there were no significant differences in maternal separation anxiety by children's age, sex, and girth order. Third, there was no significant difference in maternal separation anxiety by quality of day 2 care, size of group, and adult-child ratio. Forth, there was a significant differences in maternal separation anxiety by mother's self-esteem.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 2013

Objective : The end-stage renal disease patients who shared fear of death, functional impairment due to hemodialysis are vulnerable to depression, anxiety and other mental problems. It is possible that their psychiatric characteristics and related autonomic nervous functions have some differences depending on their age. We purpose to find the differences of psychiatric characteristics and related autonomic nervous functions between adult and elderly hemodialysis patients. Methods : Our subjects are end-stage renal disease hemodialysis patients composed of 39 adults (<65 years) and 24 seniors (${\geq}65$ years). Outcome measures included the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, The Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, The Apathy Evaluation Scale and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview by clinician. And subjects fulfilled self-report scale, The Positive thinking scale and The Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale. The autonomic nervous functions are measured by heart rate variability. Results : There are no significant differences in demographic factors between two groups. The 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, The Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, The Apathy Evaluation Scale, The Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale and autonomic nervous functions are also not different. But only positive thinking scale is higher in adult hemodialysis group than the elderly (F=5.395, p=0.024). Conclusion : This study compared depression, anxiety and autonomic nervous functions between adult and senior hemodialysis patients. There are no significant differences in psychiatric characteristics and autonomic nervous functions between two groups except positive thinking traits. Senior patients endured their chronic disease similar to adult patients did in spite of their old age. This result suggests that elderly's higher positive thinking traits affect their endurances about the negative situations.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.114-123
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• 2006

Objectives : The special class has been made, bringing rapid increase quantitatively. The authors carried out the child psychiatric interview and evaluation for 9 special-classed children in Asan city to find out clinical diagnosis and emotional/behavioral characteristics. Methods : The child psychiatrists evaluated special class children by DSM-IV and K-SADS-PL. Tools for the evaluation were Child Behavior Checklist- Korean version, Korean Personality Inventory for Children, Children's Depression Inventory, Abbreviated Conners Parent-Teacher Rating Scale-Revised, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, Vineland Social Maturity Scale, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III, and Childhood Autism Rating Scale. Results : Ultimately 53 children, consisting of 35 boys(67.9%) and 18 girls(32.1%), participated, and the average age was $10.5{\pm}1.3$ years old. Their measure of Vineland Social Maturity Scale was $78.7{\pm}20.0$, Childhood Autism Rating Scales was $25.4{\pm}9.0$, Child Depression Inventory was $22.2{\pm}5.2$, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children was $35.2{\pm}8.2/36.5{\pm}6.2$, and Abbreviated Conners Parent-Teacher Rating Scale was $11.0{\pm}4.6$. In the clinical diagnosis evaluation, the prevalence rate of learning disorder was decreased compared to early research, ADHD had been newly appeared and depression disorder and anxiety disorder had been increased. Conclusion : This result suggests that a lot of children in a special class have complex emotional and behavioral problems in addition to educational problems.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of virtual reality distraction on pain and anxiety in children during local anesthesia. Local anesthesia was administered to 3 groups: a control group without distraction, a group watching TV, and a group using a virtual reality device. The pulse rate and oxygen saturation rate were measured before and at the time of local anesthesia to assess the patients' pain and anxiety, and the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale was completed after local anesthesia. The group using the virtual reality device had a significantly lower heart rate change and lower Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale score than those in the control group and the group watching TV (p < 0.05). The greatest difference in heart rate change and Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale score, between the control and virtual reality distraction groups, was seen in 5 - 7-year-olds and a Frankl's behavior rating scale grade of 3. The virtual reality device alleviated pain and reduced anxiety in children during local anesthesia.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.156-166
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• 1992

The authors studied anxiety, using Zung's self-rating anxiety scale(SAS), in the subjects of 127 male and 38 female patients with anxiety disorder. The authors investigated 165 patients in Yeungnam university hospital from January, 1987 to June, 1991. In order to analyze the data on anxiety scores Pearson's product moment coefficient correlation method and factor analysis were carried out by SPSS/PC+ program. The results were as follows : There was significant difference in the mean averages of total anxiety scores among patients with anxiety, disorder and male and female college freshmen: patients with anxiety disorder scored $42.40{\pm}7.74$, male students scored $32.91{\pm}5.70$, female students scored $34.48{\pm}6.00$. The anxiety scores relating to the items of body aches & pains, fatigue, anxiousness, panic, and urinary frequency were relatively high in patients with anxiety disorder. The anxiety scores on the items of restlessness, apprehension, dyspnea, sweating, and insomnia were relatively low in patients with anxiety disorder. Twenty-nine anxiety disorder group(17.5%) showed significantly high anxiety scores of 50 or over. The inter-rater reliability of Zung's self-rating anxiety scale was 0.71.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.73-77
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• 2021

Objective : The Hoarding Rating Scale-Self-Report (HRS-SR) is a five-item scale that simply assesses the hoarding symptoms. We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the Korean version of the HRS-SR (HRS-SR-K). Methods : A total of 144 individuals completed the self-administered questionnaires including HRS-SR-K, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised-Korean version (OCI-R-K), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Psychometric properties of the HRS-SR-K were analyzed. Results : The Cronbach's α value for internal consistency of the HRS-SR-K was excellent (Cronbach's α=0.84). The construct validity was analyzed on the basis of principal component analysis and one-factor structure of the original scale was maintained. The HRS-SR-K total score and each item scores were more strongly correlated with the hoarding subscale score in OCI-R-K (convergent validity, r=0.71, p<0.01) than the corresponding scores of nonspecific depression or anxiety measures (discriminant validity). Conclusion : The HRS-SR-K is a simple and reliable self-report scale for examining the severity of hoarding symptoms.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.46-52
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• 2009

Objectives : The goal of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of panic disorder respiratory subtype(PD-R) and non-respiratory subtype(PD-NR). Methods : 84 patients with panic disorder were enrolled and divided into 2 groups, 29 PD-R and 55 PD-NR. Diagnosis of panic disorder was evaluated using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders $4^{th}$ edition and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. They were also measured with Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(HAM-D), and Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS). Results : PD-R group showed significantly higher scores in PDSS than those of PD-NR group(p=.027). After controlling for the severity of panic disorder and gender, PD-R group showed higher HAM-D and somatic anxiety subscale of HAM-A than those of PD-NR group. Furthermore, results of logistic regression analysis suggested that the somatic anxiety was a possible risk factor of PD-R(OR=1.404,p=0.009). Conclusion : These results suggest that somatic anxiety and depressive symptom would be important clinical characteristics of PD-R.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.351-360
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to report the efficacy of using Korean medicine treatment, for anxiety induced by chemotherapy and traffic accident. Methods: We treated a patient's anxiety with Korean medicine treatments (Yangshimtang-Gamibang, ear acupuncture, acupuncture, cupping, interferential current therapy, and herbal acupuncture therapy). To evaluate the results of this treatment, we measured the Beck Anxiety Inventory, EuroQol-Five Dimensions, Numeric rating scale, Neck Disability Index, Oswestry Disability Index, total sleep duration, time duration to fall asleep, and the number of wake-up times during sleep. Results: Improvements of the Beck Anxiety Inventory, EuroQol-Five Dimensions, Numeric rating scale, Neck Disability Index, Oswestry Disability Index, and total sleep duration were observed after the treatments. Conclusions: This study showed one case of a patient who received Korean medicine treatment for the anxiety induced by anticancer therapy and traffic accident, and improvement was observed.