• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.80-98
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• 1994

According to the original documents, Sagungsan is considered as an effective drug for controlling the hypertensive epistaxis induced by tension of autonomic nerve and it's hyperfunction. The present experiment was designed to understand the effect of Sagungsan extract on the hemostatic action, intracranial pressure, blood pressure and cardiovascular system in experimental animals. And thus the bleeding time, prothrombin time, capillary dilation, blood pressure, Intracranial pressure, and enzymatic analysis of the ATPase activities were studied. The result obtained here were as followings: 1. Sagungsan water extract reduced the bleeding time in mouse, and prolonged the prothrombin time in rabbits. 2. The drug extract increased the tail volume by capillary dilation in rats. 3. The drug extract inhibited the increase of intracranial pressure and arterial blood pressure in rabbits. 4. At the early time, the increase of arterial blood pressure by the drug extract significantly inhibited by pretreated atropin and regitine in rabbits. 5. The drug extract relaxed the smooth muscle by stimulating the Mg2+-Ca2+-ATPase activities of gastric sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from rabbit stomach. 6. The drug extract stimulated the heart contraction by inhibiting the $Mg^{2+}-Ca^{2+}-ATPase$ activities of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from rabbit heart. The inhibitory mechanism was reversible and noncompatitive. 7. The drug extract increased the hepatic blood volume by stimulating the hepatic total ATPase activities and hepatic metabolism. 8. The drug extract acted as a tranquilizer by inhibiting the neural Na+-K+-ATPase activity. According to the results, Sagungsan water extract dilated the capillaries, stimulated the heart beat, and thus increased the blood flow with decreasing the intracranial pressure and blood pressure. These effects stanches the epistaxis collectively.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.94-102
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• 2014

Purpose: This study aims to validate the effect of autoclaved autogenous bone (AAB), incorporating Escherichia coli-derived recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (ErhBMP-2), on critical-sized, segmental radius defects in rabbits. Delivery systems using absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) and fibrin glue (FG) were also evaluated. Methods: Radius defects were made in 12 New Zealand white rabbits. After autoclaving, the resected bone was reinserted and fixed. The animals were classified into three groups: only AAB reinserted (group 1, control), and AAB and ErhBMP-2 inserted using an ACS (group 2) or FG (group 3) as a carrier. Animals were sacrificed six or 12 weeks after surgery. Specimens were evaluated using radiology and histology. Results: Micro-computed tomography images showed the best bony union in group 2 at six and 12 weeks after operation. Quantitative analysis showed all indices except trabecular thickness were the highest in group 2 and the lowest in group 1 at twelve weeks. Histologic results showed the greatest bony union between AAB and radial bone at twelve weeks, indicating the highest degree of engraftment. Conclusion: ErhBMP-2 increases bony healing when applied on AAB graft sites. In addition, the ACS was reconfirmed as a useful delivery system for ErhBMP-2.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the skin irritation toxicity of processed sulfur. Methods: All experiments were conducted at Medvill (Korea), an institution authorized to perform non-clinical studies, under the Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations. In order to investigate skin irritation toxicity of processed sulfur, we divided the back of six rabbits into two control sites and two test sites. One of each of the two control and test sites was then designated abraded sites and intact sites. In test sites, 0.5 g of processed sulfur was applied to the back of the rabbit for 24 hours, and in control sites, 0.5 g of sterile distilled water was applied in the same way. We observed and evaluated mortality, weight, general symptoms, and skin irritation toxicity. This study was conducted with the approval of the Animal Ethics Committee (Approval number: IAC2020-1549). Results: In all experiments, no dead animals were observed. In all cases, skin coloration was observed at 24 hours after processed sulfur administration. This coloration lasted up to 48 hours and is believed to be the effect of the administration of test substances. Weight measurement indicated that weight was lost 72 hours after administration in three cases, but this is considered an accidental weight change. Normal weight gain was observed in the remaining subjects. In all animals, no skin irritation toxicity was observed, and the primary irritation index (P.I.I) was calculated as 0.0 according to Draize's evaluation method. Conclusion: The above findings suggest that it is relatively safe to apply a processed sulfur to the skin. Further research on this topic is needed to provide more specific evidence.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.51-60
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the bio-durability and bone regeneration capacity of the non-cross-linked collagen membrane in rabbit calvarial defect models. Materials and Methods: Four circular defects with 8 mm diameter were made in each of calvarium of 10 male rabbits. The following groups was randomly assigned to each defect - 1) Control, 2) membrane group containing non-cross-linked collagen membrane only (M), 3) bone graft group (B), 4) bone graft with membrane group (B+M). Animals were sacrificed and samples were harvested at 2 weeks (n=5) and 8 weeks (n=5). Histologic sections were prepared and histomorphometric analysis was performed. Result: Histologic results showed well adaptation of the non-cross-linked membrane on each defect and normal healing response at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks, the membranes were partially biodegraded. Histomorphometrically, B and B+M group showed the significantly greater total augmented area (B+M group, 10.44±1.49, P=0.016; B group, 9.13±0.53, P=0.032) and new bone formation (B+M group, 2.89±0.93, P=0.008; B group, 2.85±1.15, P=0.008) compared to control group. Collapsing of the central portion of the membrane, membrane group showed greater value in new bone formation at 8 weeks (1.78±0.68, P=0.032). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the non-cross-linked collagen membrane fabricated using the improved decellularized method was shown to be effective for the regeneration of calvarial bone defects. In addition, prolonged barrier function might be provided using this collagen membrane.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.119-129
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• 2000

The skin is an organ that has many important roles, including protection against infection, regulation of temperature and fluid loss, and sensory function. Injury to the skin, wound repair normally involves: (1) balanced activity of inflammation, (2) the re-epithelial phase and (3) the matrix formation of remodeling phase. Thus, skin wound healing is a finely controlled biological process involving a series of complex cellular interactions. Laser therapy is being implemented with increasing frequency in medicine. Low intensity laser is one that is capable of producing an energy density so low that any biologic alterations are the result of direct irradiation effect, not thermal events. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of low intensity laser therapy on skin wound healing in rabbits. A total of 10 male rabbits (New Zealand White Rabbit), age 8 weeks were used. Skin wound were surgically created dorso-lateral on the flank of 10 rabbits (2$\times$2 cm/damage areas). The experimental animals were treated with 5Hz (830 nm wave length) low-intensity laser (MILTA-01 Model) daily for 10 min (1.6 J/$cm^2$) for 12 days. Control animals were sham treated with the laser head. Laser irradiation animals showed a complete remodeling of the epithelial layer, a positive repair of connective tissues, and enhanced the wound closure rate over time as compared to the control animals. Especially, laser irradiation groups improved fibroblast activity, cellular content, granulation tissue formation, and collagen deposition which is resulted in improving the tensile strength of the wound. These findings suggest that laser photostimulation could accelerate healing of open wound in rabbits, and may be benefit in the treatment of open wound, including decubitis ulcers.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.335-336
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• 1996

Artemisinin, a new antimalarial to treat patients infected with strains of Plasmodium jalciparum, derived from the plant Artemisia annua Linn, has immunopharmacologic actions such as enhence the PHA -induced lymphocyte transformation rate, increased the weight of spleen but reduced the weight of thymus, reduced phagocytic function of peritoneal macrophage, remarkably reduced the level of serum IgG and hemolysin fonning capacity (sentitized with SRBC), inhibited the activity of Ts cells of donor mice by supraoptimal immunuization(SOI), but enhenced activity of Ts cells of recipient mice by SOI. These results suggested that Ts cells may be the target cells of artemisinin. To the serum complement C3 level of plasmodium berghei-infeted mice, artemisinin (i. m,) could remarkly increase it. The artemisinin also obviously reduced the prostaglandin E(PGE) in the mouse hind paw swelling induced by carrageenin. Numerous studies have demonstrated that pharmacologic doses of PGE attenuate the development of immunocomplex nephritis. Some autologous immune mechanisms may be invoolved In the pathogensis of some types of glomurulonephritis. Glomerular abnormalities can be induced in animals by variety of immunological manipulations. The resulting disorder has many clinical and pathogical similarities to the disease in human. Our purpose was therefore to test the ability of the artemisinin to lessen the severity of rabbit IgG accelerated nephrotoxic serum glomerulonephritis in mice model. Mice which had treated with rabbit IgG and NTS, administrated with saline, showed Significant inceases of urinary protein, cholesterol level, and decrease of serum albumin in NS group. On the contrary, By i.g. adminstration of artemisinin at dose of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg for 14 days after NTS injection, shown that artemisinin inhibited the nephritic changes in some parameters by means of urinary protein(p<0.05, p<0.01) and serum choleterol(p<0.05, p<0.01) and albumin (p<0.05, p<0.01), blood urea nitrogen (p<0.05, p<0.01), serum albumin(p<0.05, p<0.01); Cyclophosphamide(i.p. 10mg/kg for 14d) had almost same effect as the artemisinin had. Morphological studies shown that The picture of kidney from the mouse with NTS-nephritis accerated with rabbit IgG, treated with i.g. saline as the control, the mesangiocapillary were enlarged and proliferated; There were inflammatory cells infiltrating around the glomeruli; The ethelial cell were proliferated in the wall of Bowman's capsule. Histopatholological picture of kidney from the NTS-nephritis accerated with rabbit IgG mouse treated with i.p. 10mg/kg cyclophosphamide as the positive control. No siginicant histopathological evidence were found. Treaded with i.p. 12.5mg/kg artemisinine, the picture shown that mesangiocapillary were lightly proliferated; There were inflammatory cells infiltrating around the glomeruli; Treaded with i.p. 25mg/kg artemisinine, The picture shown that the mesangiocapillary were lightly proliferated; Treaded with i.p. 50mg/kg artemisinine, The picture shown that both the mesangiocapillary proliferated and the inflammatory cells infiltrating around the glomeruli are less than treated with saline, 12.5 and 25 mg/kg artemisinine. On the basis of these studies we conclude that the artemisinin can relieve pathological change caused by NTS-nephritis aacerated with rabbit IgG.

• Proceedings of the Korea Electromagnetic Engineering Society Conference
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• 1999.07a
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• pp.117-129
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• 1999

Acute effects of locally applied of static magnetic field (SMF) and extremely low frequency electromagnetic field(ELF-EMF) to the cutaneous tissue within a rabbit ear chamber (REC)were evaluated under conscious conditions. Rabbits with the REC were subjected to intravital microscopical investigation by use of microphotoelectric plethysmography(MPPG). There was no dose-response relationship between the extent of vasomotion changes and frequencies(0,20,50, 100Hz)or power levels (1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 mT). Under low vascular tone the both fields induce vasodilatation. The effects of SMF (1 mT) on the cutaneous microcirculatory system induced the vasodilatation with enhanced vasomotion under nor-adrenaline-induced high vascular tone as well as the vasoconstriction with reduced vasomotion under acetylcholine-induced low vascular tone. This suggests that the SMF can modulate vascular tone due to the modification of vasomotion biphasically in the cutaneous tissue.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.227-233
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• 1992

Out of twenty rabbits which died of rabbit hemorrhagic disease spontaneously occurring in Korea, five animals had a concurrent infection with Encephalitozoon cuniculi in the cerebrum. The lesions were composed of granulomas, leptomeningitis and perivascular cuffing with mononuclear cells. The granulomas consisted of a central necrotic focus surrounded by an infiltration with plasma cells, lymphocytes and macrophages. Gliosis was associated with the granulomas. Gram-positive organisms were detected in the cerebrum from two rabbits. They were oval to rod-shaped with blunt round ends. The distribution of the pathogens was investigated by the direct avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. They were present in pseudocysts and macrophages. Pseudocysts were found in the granulomas as well as the neuropil without cellular reactions. Some organisms were present within reticulo-endothelial cells of blood capillaries and macrophages in the subarachnoid spaces. These organisms had ultrastructural characteristics consistent with Encephalitozoon cuniculi.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.171-177
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• 2008

Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), one of the major catechins of tea, was isolated from the decaffeinated, crude methanolic extract of Indian green tea (Camellia sinensis L. O. Kuntze) using chromatographic techniques. EGCG was then screened for antidiarrhoeal activity against 30 strains (clinical isolates) of V. cholerae, which is a well known Gram negative bacillus functioning as the pathogen of cholera. V. cholerae strains like V. cholerae 69, 71, 83, 214, 978, 1021, 1315, 1347, 1348, 569B and ATCC 14033 were inhibited by EGCG at a concentration of $25\;{\mu}g/ml$ whereas V. cholerae 10, 522, 976 were even more sensitive, being inhibited at $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ level. However, V. cholerae DN 16, DN 26, 30, 42, 56, 58, 113, 117, 564, 593, 972 and ATCC 14035 were inhibited at $50\;{\mu}g/ml$ level of EGCG. Only four strains were inhibited at $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. In this study the isolated compound was found to be bacteriostatic in its mechanism of action. In the in vivo experiment using the rabbit ileal loop model two different dosages of EGCG ($500\;{\mu}g/ml$ and $1,000\;{\mu}g/ml$) were able to protect the animals when they were challenged with V. cholerae 569B in the ileum.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 1994

The damage which radiation produces in tissues such as the lungs can be discussed at the molecular, biophysical, cellular, and organ levels. The cellular effects of irradiating the lungs are related to the histologic and clinical sequelae. In the present study the right lung of rabbits were exposed to single dose of 20 Gy of X-irradiation. Animals from each group were sacrificed monthly for 6 months postexposure. Sections of lung were examined by light microscopy(LM) and by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). Multiple exudative lesions were seen at 2 months after the 20Gy irradiation,and they progressed to a proliferative and then reparative fibrotic lesion by 6 months. Changes in epithelial lining of lung components, particulary the presence of type II pneumocytes were found by both LM and TEM. Capillary endothelial damages were less pronounced. The possible implication of cellular components in radiation pneumonitis and fibrosis is discussed.