• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.127-135
• /
• 2009

Purpose: This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression types in late school-age children and to investigate the relation of anger and the anger-expression type to their eating disorders. Method: Two hundred fifty four children in elementary school were recruited from 14 to 25, April, 2008. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey's multiple comparison test. Result: Three anger-expression types in late school-age children were found; Anger-in/out, Anger-control, and Low anger-expression types. Children frequently using the anger-out/in type among the three types and with a higher trait anger reported higher eating disorders. Particularly trait anger and unhealthy anger expression type were linked to eating disorders. Conclusion: This study suggests that a specific anger management program needs to be developed for late school-age children with high trait anger and frequently using the anger out/in expression type and Anger-control type than low anger-expression types. Further research needs to be done with large samples and discussed in terms of the role of gender in eating disorders.

• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.37-57
• /
• 2019

Objective: This study aimed to find out whether concern for children mediates the impact of parenting competence on the anger expression of mothers with young children. Methods: Subjects consisted of 219 mothers with children aged 3 to 6 years old attending kindergartens and daycare centers. The motehrs were given 3 rating scales about parenting competence, concerns about their children, and anger expression. The Parental Anger Scales measuring anger expression consisted of sub-factors such as situational anger, impulsive behavior, and difficulty of anger control. Results: Using the data collected, correlation analysis and the regression analysis procedure by Baron & Kenny(1968) were conducted; the significance of the mediating effects was verified by the Sobel test. First, the study found that there were significant positive correlations between mother's parenting competence, concern about children, and anger expression. Second, mothers' concern about their children had partial mediating effects on the relationships between parenting competence and overall anger expression, situational anger and impulsive behavior, and a complete mediating effect on the relationship between parenting competence and difficulty with anger control. Conclusion/Implications: These results were discussed in terms of the approach and content of parent education to help parents with young children control their anger.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.128-138
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This cross-sectional study was designed to identify anger-expression types of adolescent women and investigate the relationship between the identified anger-expression types and their problem behaviors and suicide probability. Methods: The participants were 942 students at two female high school located in Gwangju. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ multiple comparison test. Results: Cluster analysis revealed 4 distinct anger expression types; Anger-out, Low anger expression, Anger-control, and Anger-in/out types. Female adolescent women had a higher level of trait anger or who frequently used the anger-in/out type reported internalized-externalized problem behaviors and suicide probability more frequently compared to those who frequently used the other three types of anger expression. Conclusion: Female adolescent women who had the low anger expression type and anger control type managed anger most effectively. The findings suggest the necessity of a development of the program for lowering the trait anger level and controlling the unfavorable anger expression types such as the anger-in/out.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제39권4호
• /
• pp.602-612
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify type of anger expression and mental health in middle aged women. Methods: From August to October 2005, survey data were collected by using the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory and Symptom Check List-90-Revision (SCL). Participants (1,442) were classified into four types of anger expression by K-mean cluster analysis. For collecting interview data for content analysis, 18 participants (4-5 participants from each type of anger expression) were recruited. The interview data were collected between March and September 2006. Results: The average score of the state anger of middle-aged women was 11.95, and that of the trait anger was 18.75. The average anger expression scores were 12.72 for Anger-In, 13.45 for Anger-Out, and 18.51 for Anger-Control. The average SCL scores were 45.03 for somatization, 42.23 for obsessive-compulsiveness, 42.44 for interpersonal sensitivity, 42.45 for depression, 42.40 for anxiety, 42.62 for hostility, 44.44 for phobic anxiety, 43.65 for paranoid ideation, and 43.08 for psychoticism. The anger expression types identified in this study were 1) anger-out in secret, 2) anger-control with a patience, 3) anger-out with suppression, and 4) low anger expression type. The psychosomatic symptom scores were the highest in type III (anger-out with suppression), and the lowest in type IV (low anger expression type). Conclusion: This study can be helpful in assisting middle aged women to control their anger effectively and may contribute to the improvement of their mental health.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.17-39
• /
• 2008

본 연구는 방임된 아동의 공격성과 분노를 감소시키기 위하여 방임된 아동 4명을 대상으로 분노조절 음악프로그램을 실시하였다. 프로그램은 주 2회, 30분씩 총 15회기로 진행되었다. 분노조절 음악 프로그램은 분노조절 프로그램을 바탕으로 하여 본 연구자가 각 단계별 목표에 따라 노래 만들기, 악기 연주 등의 음악활동으로 재구성하였다. 대상자의 공격성과 분노의 변화를 알아보기 위해 척도 검사를 통한 양적인 자료와 음악활동에서 보인 대상자의 행동을 분석한 질적인 자료를 수집하였다. 연구 자료를 분석한 결과, 분노조절 음악 프로그램에 참여한 방임아동의 공격성과 분노는 모두 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 대상자들이 음악 활동에서 보인 공격성과 분노표현도 아동의 음악행동을 관찰하여 분석한 결과 긍정적으로 변화하였다. 이러한 결과는 음악활동을 통해 불안정도가 높고 심리적으로 위축되어 있는 방임 아동들이 자신의 분노 감정을 안전하게 표현하여 해결할 수 있었음을 의미한다.

• 동서간호학연구지
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2011

Purpose: As anger may be strongly related to stroke, this study examined the relationship between anger expression style (anger-in, anger-out, anger-control) and risk factors for stroke to investigate the possible attribution of anger expression style to stroke incidence. Methods: The cross sectional study design was employed. The 291 participants signed consent forms and completed questionnaires including the anger expression style scales and risk factors for stroke. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test and One-way ANOVA. Results: The highest score among anger expression styles of the participants was from anger-control. Participants with higher mean value of anger-out were current non-smokers, doing regular exercise, having scores above 23 in Body Mass Index, having scores above 90 cm (male) or 80 cm (female) in abdominal circumference, and having scores below 85 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. Participants with more than 5 risk factors to stroke had the highest score of anger-in. Conclusion: The results of this study implied anger expression style was psychological risk factor for stroke. Further studies to differentiate the anger expression style contributing to the risk of stroke are needed with a longitudinal study design.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제35권1호
• /
• pp.195-205
• /
• 2005

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between perceived stress, anger expression, and level of depression in cancer patients. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used. Data was collected by uestionnaires from 185 in- and out-patients who were diagnosed with cancer at 3 university hospitals and the National Cancer Center using Spielberger et al.’s Anger Expression Scale, Cohen, Kamarch & Mermelstein's Perceived Stress, and Derogatise's SCL-90. The data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression with SAS/PC. Result: The perceived stress in cancer patients indicated a significant positive correlation to anger-in(r=.288, p=.000), anger-out(r=.232, p=.001), and depression(r=.68, p=.000), but no significant correlation to anger-control. The anger-in of cancer patients showed a significant positive relationship to anger-out(r=.53, p=.000), and depression(r=.383, p=.000), but no significant correlation to anger-control. Anger-out showed a significantly negative correlation to anger-control (r=-.248, p=.001) and a positive correlation to depression (r=.240, p=.001). The most significant predictor which influenced depression in cancer patients was perceived stress, followed by anger-in and hobby, and these factors explained their depression with a variance of 54%. Conclusion: These results suggested that cancer patients with a high degree of perceived stress are likely to be high in anger-out and anger-in. Perceived stress and anger-in are major factors which affect depression in cancer patients.

• 초등상담연구
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.79-94
• /
• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 초등학교 고학년 학생의 분노조절을 위한 감사프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 '감사프로그램은 아동의 분노조절에 효과를 미칠 수 있는가?' 라는 연구문제를 설정하고 연구자가 담임을 맡고 있는 K초등학교 5학년 아동 30명을 대상으로 10회기에 걸쳐 감사프로그램을 운영하였다. 감사프로그램은 감사하는 마음이 무엇인지 긱이 생각해 보면서 스스로 자신의 주변에서 감사할 거리들을 찾아보고, 그 감사함을 직접 행동으로 실천해 보도록 해 주는 집단상담 프로그램이다. 연구는 프로그램 처치를 하지 않는 통제집단과 프로그램 처치를 하는 실험집단을 설정하여 연구결과를 얻는 기존의 연구들과는 다르게 운영되었다. 이 연구에서는 실험참여수준에 따른 프로그램의 효과성을 알아보기 위하여 프로그램 운영이 끝난 후 쿠폰을 이용하여 두 개의 집단으로 나눈 후 아동들에게 같은 내용으로 실시된 사전, 사후 분노척도검사를 통해 얻어진 분노척도점수를 집단간 비판분석을 하여 감사프로 그램의 분노조절에 대한 효과성을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 감사의 긍정적인 효과로 인해 상태분노, 특성 분노, 분노억압, 분노표출, 분노통제의 5가지 분노영역에 유의미한 변화가 일어났다. 즉, 감사를 이용하여 개발된 감사프로그램은 초등학교 아동의 분노조절에 효과가 있음이 이 연구에서 밝혀졌다. 감사의 긍정적인 특성으로 정서 및 행동의 변화를 이끌어 낼 수 있다는 노지혜(2005), 권선중 외(2006), 김동희(2008)의 연구처럼 감사의 정서를 이용하여 만든 감사프로그램이 분노의 감정을 조절할 수 있다는 결론을 이 연구에서 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.539-547
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the Enneagram personality types and the anger expression styles, and to see how the relationship depends on the gender. The subjects, selected by the convenience sampling method, are 315 college students. The instrument is the Korean Enneagram Personality Types(Yoon 1999), which categorizes the personal types into the gut-center, the heart-center and the head-center. On the other hand, the anger expression styles, which is the anger-control as a functional role, and the anger-out and the anger-in as a dysfunctional role, is measured by the Korean version of STAXI(Chon et al 1998). The major findings of the study are as follows. First, comparing the personality types of students, the ratio of the students of the gut-center, that of the head-center and that of the heart-center types are in descending order. Second, It is found that students rely on the anger-out more than the other two expression styles. There also exist the gender differences in terms of the level of the anger expression: female students tend to express the anger-out and the anger-control significantly more than male students. Third, the relationship between the Enneagram personality types and the anger expression styles of students are statistically significant such that students of the gut-center style express the anger-out more severely than the head-center and the heart-center. Therefore, the findings from the study may become the basis on which the education program is designed for the sake of the psychological adjustment of college students, especially taking into account the gender differences.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.97-109
• /
• 1998

This study was designed and undertaken to identify objectively the degree and relationship of anxiety, depression, & anger which are chief essential elements of emotional status in Hwabyung patients.The subjects in this study were 35 Hwabyung patients and 40 Non-Hwabyung persons, and for the assessment of anxiety, depression, & anger. We used Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS), Zung's Self-Rating Depression Scale(SDS) & State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory(STAXI).The results of this study are as follows:1. There were significant differences in the 18 items of SAS among 20 items between Hwabyung patients and the control group(p＜0.05 respectively).2. There were significant differences in the 13 items of SDS among 20 items between Hwabyung patients and the control group(p＜0.05 respectively).3. There were significant differences in the mean scores of SAS and SDS between Hwabyung patients and the control group(p＜0.001 respectively).4. There were significant differences in the mean scores of State Anger, Trait Anger, Trait Anger/Temperament, Anger-in & Anger-out counted by STAXI between Hwabyung patients and the control group (p＜0.001, p＜0.01, p＜0.001, p＜0.001, p＜0.05 respectively).5. There were significant relationships between State Anger & Anxiety, Anger-out & Trait Anger/Temperament, Depression & Anxiety(r=.43, r=.37, r=.64).