• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.411-425
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• 2017

Using a probabilistic safety assessment, a risk evaluation framework for an aircraft crash into an interim spent fuel storage facility is presented. Damage evaluation of a detailed generic cask model in a simplified building structure under an aircraft impact is discussed through a numerical structural analysis and an analytical fragility assessment. Sequences of the impact scenario are shown in a developed event tree, with uncertainties considered in the impact analysis and failure probabilities calculated. To evaluate the influence of parameters relevant to design safety, risks are estimated for three specification levels of cask and storage facility structures. The proposed assessment procedure includes the determination of the loading parameters, reference impact scenario, structural response analyses of facility walls, cask containment, and fuel assemblies, and a radiological consequence analysis with dose-risk estimation. The risk results for the proposed scenario in this study are expected to be small relative to those of design basis accidents for best-estimated conservative values. The importance of this framework is seen in its flexibility to evaluate the capability of the facility to withstand an aircraft impact and in its ability to anticipate potential realistic risks; the framework also provides insight into epistemic uncertainty in the available data and into the sensitivity of the design parameters for future research.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.33-41
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• 2009

지중전력선과 같은 원형 지하매설관의 경우 관의 하단부 다짐효율이 낮아 파손등과 같은 구조적 문제점에 항상 노출되어있다. 이러한 문제점들 때문에 다양한 방법들이 강구되어 왔으며 그중 하나가 유동성이 뛰어난 저강도 콘크리트의 개발이다. 외국에서는 이미 오래전부터 연구개발을 진행하여 전력회사를 중심으로 이미 실용화 단계에 와있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 개발된 지중 전력케이블 유동성 뒷채움재의 거동특성을 확인하기 위해서 개발된 유동화 뒷채움재와 일반모래를 이용하여 DB-24차량하중에 대해서 매설관의 거동을 평가하기 위해서 실증실험을 수행하고 그 결과를 수치해석 및 이론식과 비교분석하였다. 그 결과 매설관의 변형은 뒷채움재의 종류에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 유동성 뒷채움재가 모래다짐 보다 관로에 미치는 토압 및 변형 특성이 우수한 것으로 확인되었다. 하지만, 실증실험 결과와 비교검토를 위해서 수행한 수치해석 및 이론식 값들이 실증실험값과 차이가나 향후 유동성 뒷채움재에 맞는 해석방법 개발이 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.545-553
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• 2017

A pounding tuned mass damper (PTMD) can be considered as a passive device, which combines the merits of a traditional tuned mass damper (TMD) and a collision damper. A recent analytical study by the authors demonstrated that the PTMD base on the energy dissipation during impact is able to achieve better control effectiveness over the traditional TMD. In this paper, a PTMD prototype is manufactured and applied for seismic response reduction to examine its efficacy. A series of shaking table tests is conducted in a three-story building frame model under single-dimensional and two-dimensional broadband earthquake excitations with different excitation intensities. The ability of the PTMD to reduce the structural responses is experimentally investigated. The results show that the traditional TMD is sensitive to input excitations, while the PTMD mostly has improved control performance over the TMD to remarkably reduce both the peak and root-mean-square (RMS) structural responses under single-dimensional earthquake excitation. Unlike the TMD, the PTMD is found to have the merit of maintaining a stable performance when subjected to different earthquake loadings. In addition, it is also indicated that the performance of the PTMD can be enhanced by adjusting the initial gap value, and the control effectiveness improves with the increasing excitation intensity. Under two-dimensional earthquake inputs, the PTMD controls remain outperform the TMD controls; however, the oscillation of the added mass is observed during the test, which may induce torsional vibration modes of the structure, and hence, result in poor control performance especially after a strong earthquake period.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.125-131
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• 2011

Through the present study, we produced a monoclonal antibody against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) using AFB1-carboxymethoxylamine BSA conjugates. One clone showing high binding ability was selected and it was applied to develop a direct competitive ELISA system. The epitope densities of AFB1-CMO against BSA and KLH were about 1 : 6 and 1 : 545, respectively. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) from cloned hybridoma cell was the IgG1 subclass with ${\lambda}$-type light chains. The $IC_{50}s$ of the monoclonal antibody developed for AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were 4.36, 7.22, 6.61 and 29.41 ng/ml, respectively, based on the AFB1-KLH coated ELISA system and 15.28, 26.62, 32.75 and 56.67 ng/ml, respectively, based on the mAb coated ELISA. Cross-relativities of mAb to AFB1 for AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 were 60.47, 65.97 and 14.83% in the AFB1-KLH coated ELISA, and 59.41, 46.66 and 26.97% in the mAb coated ELISA, respectively. Quantitative calculations for AFB1 from the AFB1-Ab ELISA and AFB1-Ag ELISA ranged from 0.25 to 25 ng/ml ($R^2$ > 0.99) and from 1 to 100 ng/ml ($R^2$ > 0.99), respectively. The intra- and inter-assay precision CVs were < 10% in both ELISA assay, representing good reproducibility of developed assay. Recoveries ranged from 79.18 to 91.27%, CVs ranged from 3.21 to 7.97% after spiking AFB1 at concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 ng/ml and following by extraction with 70% methanol solution in the Ab-coated ELISA. In conclusion, we produced a group specific mAb against aflatoxins and developed two direct competitive ELISAs for the detection of AFB1 in feeds based on a monoclonal antibody developed.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.113-121
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• 2015

The contaminated soil at abandoned smelter areas present challenge for remediation, as the degraded materials are typically deficient in nutrients, and rich in toxic heavy metals and metalloids. Bioremediation technique is to isolate new strains of microorganisms and develop successful protocols for reducing metal toxicity with heavy metal tolerant species. The present study collected metal contaminated soil and characterized for pH and EC values, and heavy metal contents. The pH value was 5.80, representing slightly acidic soil, and EC value was 13.47 mS/m. ICP-AES analytical results showed that the collected soil samples were highly contaminated with various heavy metals and metalloids such as lead (183.0 mg/kg), copper (98.6 mg/kg), zinc (91.6 mg/kg), and arsenic (48.1 mg/kg), respectively. In this study, a bacterial strain, Bacillus cereus KM-15, capable of adsorbing the heavy metals was isolated from the contaminated soils by selective enrichment and characterized to apply for the bioremediation. The effects of heavy metal on the growth of the Bacillus cereus KM-15 was determined in liquid cultures. The results showed that 100 mg/L arsenic, lead, and zinc did not affect the growth of KM-15, while the bacterial growth was strongly inhibited by copper at the same concentration. Further, the ability of the bacteria to adsorb heavy metals was evaluated.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2000년도 국제심포지엄 및 제26차 추계학술발표회
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• pp.1-14
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• 2000

The Near Infrared region of the energy spectrum was first discovered by Hershel in the year 1800. The principles of NIR is based on light absorption of specific organic chemical bonds. The absorption at each wavelength is measured and a spectre is obtained. The spectre is then treated mathematically and with the absorption data is converted to absolute units via a calibration. In the last two decades it has developed dramatically. With the invention of computers and the ability to treat a large amount of data in a very short time the use of NIR for many different purposes has developed very fast. During the last decade with the aid of very powerful PC's the application of NIR technology has become even more widespread. Now or days development of very robust calibrations can be done in a relatively short time with a minimum of resources. The use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIR) in the Meat industry is relatively new. The first installations were taken into operation in the 80ties. The Meat Industry in often referred to as rather conservative and slow to embrace new technologies, they stay with the old and proven methods. The first NIR instruments used by the Meat Industry, and most other industries, were multipurpose build, which means that the sample presentation was not well suited to this particular application, or many other applications for that sake. As the Meat Industry grows and develops to meet the demands of the modern markets, they realise the need for better control of processes and final products. From the early 90 ties and onward the demand for 'rear time' rapid results starts growing, and some suppliers of NIR instruments (and instruments based on other technologies, like X-ray) start to develop and manufacture instrumentation dedicated to the particular needs of the Meat Industry. Today it is estimated that there are approximately 2000 rapid instruments placed in the Meat industry world-wide. By far most of these are used as at-line or laboratory installations, but the trend and need is moving towards real on-line or in-line solutions. NIR is the most cost effective and reproducible analytical procedure available for the twenty first century.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2018

이 연구는 유공보강근의 형상에 따른 철근콘크리트 유공 보의 전단저항성능을 평가하기 위하여 4체의 실험체를 제작하여 전단실험을 수행하였다. 실험의 주요변수는 유공의 유무, 유공보강 유무, 유공 보강근의 형상으로 하였으며, 제안 유공 보강근은 시공성을 고려하여 사각형과 마름모형이 혼합된 나선형 형태이다. 실험결과, 이 연구에서 제안된 유공보강근은 유공 주변의 균열을 효과적으로 제어하여 실험체의 전단력 향상에 효과적임을 확인하였다. 또한 현행설계기준은 유공 보강근을 배근한 실험체의 실험결과를 과소평가하는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.342-350
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• 2020

본 논문은 우주 발사체 구조 개발을 위한 음향/진동 연구의 개요와 음향 해석 및 시험 기술의 국내 현황을 소개하고 있다. 먼저 발사체 운용중에 받는 동하중에 대하여 요약, 정리하고 위성체를 보호하기 위한 페이로드 페어링의 음향 하중 저감 설계 및 해석 방법을 소개하였다. 나로호부터 현재 한국형발사체 페이로드 페어링까지 음향 보호 시스템의 최적 설계를 위해 구조 진동-음향 연성 해석 성능의 향상을 도모하였으며, 이를 위한 연구 활동을 살펴보았다. 구체적으로 적층 구조가 다른 복합재료 실린더에 대한 음향 하중 저감 성능 해석 및 검증 시험, 음향 공명기 배열을 적용하기 위한 인클로저 음향 시험, 나로호 페어링 실린더부에 대한 음향 가진 시험 및 해석 등의 결과를 소개하였다. 현재 개발중인 한국형 발사체(누리호)의 페이로드 페어링 음향 하중 저감 해석 및 시험 결과를 소개하였으며 해석 결과가 실험 결과를 잘 예측함을 보였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.371-383
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• 2008

Application of network coding in wireless two-way relay channels (TWRC) has received much attention recently because its ability to improve throughput significantly. In traditional designs, network coding operates at upper layers above (including) the link layer and it requires the input packets to be correctly decoded. However, this requirement may limit the performance and application of network coding due to the unavoidable fading and noise in wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a new wireless network coding scheme for TWRC, which is referred to as soft network coding (SoftNC), where the relay nodes applies symbol-by-symbol soft decisions on the received signals from the two end nodes to come up with the network coded information to be forwarded. We do not assume further channel coding on top of SoftNC at the relay node (channel coding is assumed at the end nodes). According to measures of the soft information adopted, two kinds of SoftNC are proposed: amplify-and-forward SoftNC (AF-SoftNC) and soft-bit-forward SoftNC (SBF-SoftNC). We analyze the both the ergodic capacity and the outage capacity of the two SoftNC schemes. Specifically, analytical form approximations of the ergodic capacity and the outage capacity of the two schemes are given and validated. Numerical simulation shows that our SoftNC schemes can outperform the traditional network coding based two-way relay protocol, where channel decoding and re-encoding are used at the relay node. Notable is the fact that performance improvement is achieved using only simple symbol-level operations at the relay node.

• 멤브레인
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.142-149
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• 1997

비대칭형 막기공을 통한 뉴톤 유체의 발산흐름(diverging flow)에 대한 심도있는 해석 결과를 제시하였다. 막기공 모델의 일반적 형태인 슬릿(slit)과 원뿔(cone)형 채널에 대해 미동흐름(creeping flow)을 적용하여 유속분포 관계식을 구하였다. 유속분포의 고찰로부터 발산각도 $\alpha$$\longrightarrow$0 인 경우는 윤활근사법(lubrication approximation)이 적용되어 Poiseuille 흐름으로 되는 것을 확인하였고, 발산각도가 증가할수록 벽면부근에서의 유속분포는 결핍(depletion)됨과 아울러 전체유속은 감소하였다. 구해진 속도분포와 압력분포의 관계식으로부터 투과유량에 대한 이론식을 도출하였다. 예측된 결과는 기공의 비대칭성이 증가할수록 그에 따른 투과유량은 점차 증가하는 거동을 보였다. 본 연구의 이론결과는 궁극적으로 막여과에의 응용 측면과 밀접하게 연관되어 있다.