• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• v.82 no.3
• /
• pp.401-416
• /
• 2022

The aim of this study is to examine the frictionless double receding contact problem for two functionally graded (FG) layers pressed with a uniformly distributed load and resting on a homogeneous half plane (HP) using analytical and numerical methods. The FG layers are made of a non-homogeneous material with an isotropic stress-strain law with exponentially varying properties. It is assumed that the contact at the FG layers and FG layer-HP interface is frictionless. The body force of the FG layers and homogeneous HP are ignored in the study. Firstly, an analytical solution for the contact problem has been realized using the theory of elasticity and the Fourier integral transform techniques. Then, the problem modeled and two-dimensional analysis was carried out by using the ANSYS package program based on FEM. Numerical results for contact lengths and contact pressures between FG layers and FG layer-HP were provided for various dimensionless quantities including material inhomogeneity, distributed load width, the shear module ratio, and the heights of the FG layers for both methods. The results obtained using FEM were compared with the results found using the analytical formulation. It was found that the results obtained from analytical formulation were in perfect agreement with the FEM study.

• Industry Promotion Research
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.67-78
• /
• 2019

This study is to study Jung's analytical psychology and to study counseling process and counseling techniques based on the counseling theory derived from it. Jung divides the counseling process into four stages based on analytical psychology. The first stage is confession, and the prototype of analysis therapy is confession. The first step in the treatment process is to share secrets and reveal suppressed emotions. The second stage is elucidation, a process that clarifies by shedding light on the contents induced by the transfer. The third stage is the level of education. Explanation makes my counselors intelligent, but leaves them still in an incompetent state. At this stage, treatment goes beyond insight to train as a responsible client. The fourth stage is transformation. In the transformation phase with inner counselors, not only the debaters, but also the therapist is in the "in-analysis." Jung's counseling technique uses six things: dream analysis, use of symbols, word link test, symptom analysis, case history and MBTI. In conclusion, analytical psychology counseling has enabled, first, a more in-depth approach and understanding of the human mind, especially the unconscious world. Second, analytical psychology counseling has enabled us to recognize that all humans are human communities with a common mental structure through the concept of unconsciousness and archetypes. Third, analytical psychology counseling has allowed you to look at the meaning and purpose of life from a new perspective. Therefore, Jung emphasized that he should not be seen as having a pathological problem with patients, but as an omnipotent human being who wants to realize its fullness on his own.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.585-592
• /
• 2003

Among various sensitivity evaluation techniques, semi-analytical method(SAM) is quite popular since this method is more advantageous than analytical method(AM) and global finite difference method(FDM). However, SAM reveals severe inaccuracy problem when relatively large rigid body motions are identified fur individual elements. Such errors result from the numerical differentiation of the pseudo load vector calculated by the finite difference scheme. In the present study, an iterative method combined with mode decomposition technique is proposed to compute reliable semi-analytical design sensitivities. The improvement of design sensitivities corresponding to the rigid body mode is evaluated by exact differentiation of the rigid body modes and the error of SAM caused by numerical difference scheme is alleviated by using a Von Neumann series approximation considering the higher order terms for the sensitivity derivatives.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.503-514
• /
• 2011

Port Authority in Korea does not have financial independence nor fair recruitment practices, thus the prospects of the establishment of the Port Authority is not adequate. Therefore independent and effective port administration cannot be achieved. To overcome this situation, this paper examines the port administration system in Korea and identifies its problems. This paper then provides an 'modeling of Analytical Hierarchy structure' for evaluation. An alternative solution is provided by carrying out a public survey, analysing the significance of the evaluation factor using the techniques of the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The significance of profitability was identified. The role of central government is significant when assessing the public service function of port administration; and the role of the private company is significant when assessing the independence. In addition, the private company is significant when assessing profitability. The private company is the alternative for port administration in Korea, based on the evaluation of various alternatives.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 2007

The verified results of this study on the selected study assignments are as follows: Brand awareness of the western-style family restaurants in both study assignment One and Two is examined by showing and comparing the restaurants ranked from first to third. The ranking is based on the survey response rate only. And the familiarity of family restaurants' logos is investigated by statistical techniques such as T-test Anova, Duncan's Multiple Range Test, etc. Firstly, the analytical result of study assignment One shows that the brand awareness of the family restaurants can vary depending on how often customers use the restaurants. Secondly, the analytical result of study assignment Two shows that the familiarity and the preference of the restaurants ranked from first to third are identical each other depending on customers' sex, marital status, and income. Besides, the result shows that the brand awareness shows different rankings depending on customers' age, educational background, and occupation. Thirdly, the analytical result of study assignment Three indicates that the familiarity is different depending on customers' age, educational background, occupation, and annual income.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.129-144
• /
• 2014

In this paper, a fuzzy inference system and an analytical hierarchy process-based online evaluation technique is developed to monitor the condition of the 32-km Donghai Bridge in Shanghai. The system has 478 sensors distributed along eight segments selected from the whole bridge. An online evaluation subsystem is realized, which uses raw data and extracted features or indices to give a set of hierarchically organized condition evaluations. The thresholds of each index were set to an initial value obtained from a structure damage and performance evolution analysis of the bridge. After one year of baseline monitoring, the initial threshold system was updated from the collected data. The results show that the techniques described are valid and reliable. The online method fulfills long-term infrastructure health monitoring requirements for the Donghai Bridge.

• Analytical Science and Technology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.46-55
• /
• 2021

Evaluation of drug-excipient compatibility is one of the basic steps in the preformulation of pharmaceutical dosage forms. Some reactive excipients have been known so far which may cause stability problems for drug molecules in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The aim of this study was to evaluate drugexcipient compatibility of gliclazide with some common pharmaceutical excipients, known for their ability to incorporate in drug-excipient interactions. Binary mixtures were prepared using lactose, magnesium stearate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium starch glycolate, polyethylene glycol 2000 and dicalcium phosphate. Based on the results; gliclazide was incompatible with all tested excipients; but not with dicalcium phosphate. DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) results were in accordance with HPLC (High Pressure liquid chromatography) data and were more predictive than FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). Drug and reactive excipients incompatibility was fully discussed and documented. It is advisable to avoid incompatible excipients or carefully monitor the drug stability when incorporating such excipients in final formulation designs.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.55 no.9
• /
• pp.413-416
• /
• 2022

Ferroptosis is a type of programmed cell death distinct from apoptosis or necroptosis. Ferroptosis is well characterized by an iron-dependent accumulation of lipid peroxides and disruption of cellular membrane integrity. Many metabolic alterations can prevent or accelerate ferroptosis induction. Recent advances in analytical techniques of mass spectrometry have allowed high-throughput analysis of metabolites known to be critical for understanding ferroptosis regulatory metabolism. In this review, we introduce mass spectrometry-based analytical methods contributing to recent discovery of various metabolic pathways regulating ferroptosis, focusing on cysteine metabolism, antioxidant metabolism, and poly-unsaturated fatty acid metabolism.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.331-339
• /
• 2021

In this work, an analytical solution is provided for the dynamical response of an orthotropic non-homogeneous elastic material. The present study has engineering applications in the fields of geophysical physics, structural elements, plasma physics, and the corresponding measurement techniques of magneto-elasticity. The analytical performances for the elastodynamic equations has been solved regarding displacements. The influences of the rotation, the magnetic field, the non-homogeneity based radial displacement and the corresponding stresses in an orthotropic material are investigated. The variations of the stresses, the displacement, and the perturbation magnetic field have been illustrated. The comparisons is performed using the previous solutions in the magnetic field absence, the non-homogeneity and the rotation.

• Advances in concrete construction
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.315-321
• /
• 2021

In this article, an analytical solution of the dynamical behavior in an orthotropic non-homogeneity elastic material using for elastodynamics equations is investigated. The effects of the magnetic field, the initial stress, and the non-homogeneity on the radial displacement and the corresponding stresses in an orthotropic material are investigated. The analytical solution for the elastodynamic equations has solved regarding displacements. The variation of the stresses, the displacement, and the perturbation magnetic field have shown graphically. Comparisons are made with the previous results in the absence of the magnetic field, the initial stress, and the non-homogeneity. The present study has engineering applications in the fields of geophysical physics, structural elements, plasma physics, and the corresponding measurement techniques of magneto-elasticity.