• 한국의류학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.651-662
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was 1) to find out the benefits sought factors of jeans and to segment the consumer market 2) to analyze Purchase behavior, brand loyalty, and demo- graphic characteristics of benefit segments. The subjects were 350 male and female university students who have purchased at least one of the nine jeans brands selected for this study. For statistical analysis, reliability test, percentage, factor analysis, cluster analysis, x2-test, and analysis of variance were used. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Benefits sought by consumer were found to include four different factors-brand value, individuality, fashionability, and practicality. 2. As a result of subdividing the consumers, three distinctive groups were formed on the basis of benefit factors-individuality.fashion oriented group, brand value oriented group, and practicality oriented group. 3. Brand value oriented group rated the highest in all of following variables number of jeans possessed and purchased annually, brand loyalty, average household income, average monthly allowences, and amount of money spent in purchasing clothes in each season. Individuality - fashion oriented group rated the second.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.494-498
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• 2006

An increase in variance (overdispersion) can occur when a binomial statistical analysis is applied to sensory difference test data in which replicate sensory evaluations (tastings) and multiple evaluators (judges) are combined to increase the sample size. Such a practice can cause extensive Type I errors, leading to serious misinterpretations of the data, especially when traditional simple binomial analysis is applied. Alternatively, the use of beta binomial analysis will circumvent the problem of overdispersion. This brief review discusses the uses and computation methodology of beta binomial analysis and in practice evidence for the occurrence of overdispersion.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.2182-2189
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• 2004

In the recent years, environmentally conscious design and manufacturing technologies have attracted considerable attention. The coolants, lubricants, solvents, metallic chips and discarded tools from manufacturing operations will harm our environment and the earth's ecosystem. In the present work, the Tukey method of multiple comparisons is used to select the minimum level of coolant required in a turning process. The amount of coolant is varied in 270 designed experiments and the parameters cutting temperature, surface roughness, and specific cutting energy are carefully evaluated. The effects of coolant mix ratio as well as the amount of coolant on the turning process are studied in the present work. The cutting temperature and surface roughness for different quantity of coolant are investigated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) - test and a multiple comparison method. ANOVA-test results signify that the average tool temperature and surface roughness depend on the amount of coolant. Based on Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) method, one of the multiple comparison methods, the minimum level of coolant is 1.0 L/min with 2% mix ratio in the aspect of controlling tool temperature. F-test concludes that the amount of coolant used does not have any significant effect on specific cutting energy. Finally, Tukey method ascertains that 0.5 L/min with 6% mix ratio is the minimum level of coolant required in turning process without any serious degradation of the surface finish. Considering all aspects of cutting, the minimum coolant required is 1.0 L/min with 6% mix ratio. It is merely half the coolant currently used i.e. 2.0 L/min with 10% mix ratio. Minimal use of coolant not only economically desirable for reducing manufacturing cost but also it imparts fewer hazards to human health. Also, sparing use of coolant will eventually transform the turning process into a more environment-conscious manufacturing process.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the core muscle strength enhancement of the elderly on 8 weeks training using the core exercise equipment for the elderly on the ability to control the whole-body center of mass in posture stabilization. Method: 16 females (10 exercise group, 6 control group) participated in this study. Exercise group took part in the core strength training program for 8 weeks with total of 16 repetitions (2 repetitions per week) using a training device. External perturbation during standing as pulling force applied at the pelvic level in the anterior direction was provided to the subject. In a UCM model, the controller selects within the space of elemental variables a subspace (a manifold, UCM) corresponding to a value of a performance variable that needs to be stabilized. In the present study, we were interested in how movements of the individual segment center of mass (elemental variables) affect the whole-body center of mass (the performance variable) during balance control. Results: At the variance of task-irrelevant space, there was significant $test^*$ group interactions ($F_{1,16}=7.482$, p<.05). However, there were no significant main effect of the test ($F_{1,16}=.899$, p>.05) and group ($F_{1,16}=1.039$, p>.05). At the variance of task-relevant space, there was significant $test^*$ group interactions ($F_{1,16}=7.382$, p<.05). However, there were no significant main effect of the test ($F_{1,16}=.754$, p>.05) and group ($F_{1,16}=1.106$, p>.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the 8 weeks training through the core training equipment for the elderly showed a significant decrease in the $Vcm_{TIR}$ and $Vcm_{TR}$. This result indicates that the core strength training affects the trunk stiffness control strategy to maintain balance in the standing position by minimizing total variability of individual segment CMs.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.115-139
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• 2009

This study focused on the development of a scale measuring the effect of consumer education. The purposes of this study were to develop a tool which could measure consumer knowledge, consumer attitudes and consumer behavior. Data were collected from 266 college students. Analysis was done using frequency, cross tabulation analysis, reliability test, principle components factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (Amos 5.0), and multiple regression analysis. The results from this study were as follows: 1) Nine consumer knowledge factors (23-items) were identified: consciousness of consumer education and evaluation, consumer rights and allowance management, methods of consumer education and consumer institutions, green energy and environmental consumption, essence and content of consumer education, consumer rights and consumer duty, critical consideration and consumer's damage salvation, buying minds and decision-making, independent consumers. Total variance was 58.4%. Cronbach's alpha for the nine factors ranged from .68-.79. 2) Five consumer attitude factors (26-items) were identified: green environmental consumption, consumer's role and rights, resources saving and consumer's damage salvation, consciousness of consumers, and right consumption. Total variance was 59.2%. Cronbach's alpha for the five factors ranged from .89-.94. 3) Seven consumer behavior factors (27-items) were identified: social role and rights of consumer and consumer movement, right buying and segregated garbage collection, green environmental consumption and resources saving, altruism and decision-making, allowance management and impulse buying, consumer's damage salvation, and consciousness of consumer. The total variance was 59.1%. Cronbach's alpha for the seven factors ranged from .77-.88. Finally, a scale measuring the effect of consumer education consisting of 76 items (consumer knowledge: 23 items (9 factors), consumer attitude: 26 items (5 factors), consumer behavior: 27 items (7 factors)) was constructed.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2006

일반적으로 쌍체 비교(paired comparison 또는 paired t test)가 효과적인 쌍으로의 구획을 통하여 소위 독립비교(group comparison)라고 일컫는 독립 이표본 t 검정(two-sample t test)보다 정밀한 결과를 제공하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 사실을 통계적으로 됫받침하기 위하여 두 방법의 정밀도를 보다 정량적으로 비교하였다. 독립 비교와 쌍체 비교가 각각 일원배치법과 이원배치법 (특히, 임의화 블록 설계법)의 특수한 경우이므로 각각에 상응하는 신뢰구간의 길이의 비로 정의된 비교 통계량은 분산분석의 통계량으로 표현된다. 다시 말해서, 이 통계량은 t 와 F 분포함수로 표현되므로 쉽게 독립비교와 쌍체비교의 정밀도를 비교할 수 있다. 실제로, 자주 쓰이는 유의수준에서는 쌍체표본 내에 구획 간의 유의한 변동이 있으면 쌍체비교가 독립비교보다 정밀할 가능성이 더 높다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.79-88
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to identify environmental perception of clothing consumption behavior taking socioo-economic variables into account. An instrument, based on previous research was administered to 213 housewives in Taegu area. In analyzing the data, factor analysis, t-test, ANOVA, regression analysis were used. The finding of this indicated that the environmental perception of clothing consumption were significant in purchasing, managing, and disposal of clothing. Among socio-economics variables, income and educational level were found to be significant in explaining the variance of enviromental perception behavior of clothing consumption. The important results of this study are discussed and implications are provided.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.664-675
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 스트릿 댄스 학원을 선택하는 일반인과 스트릿 댄스 전공자들을 대상으로 한 스트릿 댄스 학원 선택속성을 분석하고자 한다. 나아가 스트릿 댄스에 대한 인식과 가치를 높이고 스트릿 댄스를 전문 교육하는 학원들의 발전에 필요한 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해서 스트릿 댄스 학원에 다니고 있는 300명의 스트릿 댄스 학습자들을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS18.0 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도 분석(Reliability test), 상관관계 분석(Correlation Analysis), 일원 분산분석(One-Way Analysis of Variance: ANOVA)을 실시하였다.연구 결과를 종합하여 보면, 스트릿 댄스 학원의 학습자 선택속성 구성 요소 중 교육 프로그램, 서비스, 홍보환경이 가장 중요한 선택 속성요인으로 파악된 반면에 가격요인의 중요성은 비교적 낮은 인식으로 파악되었다.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.41-60
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• 2000

This study was designed and undertaken to identify the related factors of family caregivers' depression & quality of life with stroke elderly patient. The data was collected from August 16th to September 5th. 1999. The subjects in this study were 70 caregivers and 70 patients with stroke who were hospitalized in 2 oriental medicine hospitals and 3 hospitals located in Junla-buk do. The data was analized using percentage. means. t-test. ANOVA and pearson's correlation coefficients, step-wise multiple regression done with the SAS program. The results of this study are as follows; 1. The score for family caregivers' depression was 45.2 when total score was 80. The family caregivers who got more than 50 scores belongs to highly depression group amount to $29\%$. 2. The score for family caregivers' quality of life was 37.04 when total score was 56. 3. In the significant relationship between family caregivers' depression and general characteristics of the family caregivers ; age. sex, income. In the significant relationship between family caregivers' quality of life and general characteristics of family caregivers: age, education, income. In the significant relationship between family caregivers' depression and quality of life and general characteristics of stroke elderly patient ; sex. 4. The depression degree showed significant differences in the variables of family caregiver's physical health(r=-0.307, p=0.011), stress(r=0.463. p=0.011). social support (r=-0.241. p=0.046) and elderly stroke patient's ADL(r=-0.313, p=0.009). The quality of life degree showed significant differences in the variables of family caregivers' depression(r=-0.564, p=0.001), stress(r=-0.322, p=0.008), social support (r=0.353. p=0.003). 5. The most important variable affecting family caregiver's depression was caregivers' physical symptom which accounted for $32.0\%$ of the total variance in which multiple regression analysis. Total variance affecting the family caregivers' depression was $49\%$. The most important variable affecting family caregivers' quality of life was caregivers' depression which accounted for $48\%$ of the total variance in which multiple regression analysis. Total variance affecting the family caregivers' quality of life was $61\%$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1757-1762
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• 2011

Aflatoxins are natural contaminants of poultry feeds and feed ingredients and cause liver damage, immunosuppression, reduction in performance and mortality in broilers. A number of studies have been carried out to study the effects of aflatoxin on feed conversion ratio in broilers. The results on feed conversion ratio of 10 research articles in broilers fed with aflatoxin from first day of age to six weeks of age were compiled and were subjected to meta-analysis. Chi-square test and $Tau^2$ (heterogeneity co-efficient) were applied to test for significance of heterogeneity of studies. To integrate results, fixed effect model by Inverse Variance method (IV method) was used when heterogeneity was insignificant and otherwise random effect model by DerSimonian and Laird Method (DL method) was used. The results of meta-analysis showed that the adverse effect of aflatoxin on feed conversion ratio at the end of first week was negligible, second week was medium and third to six weeks was very large.