• 제목/요약/키워드: America

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세계 5개국에서 생산된 황색종 잎담배의 주요 향기성분 비교 (The Comparison of Main Volatile Components in the Flue-cured Tobacco Produced by Five Countries.)

  • 이태호;신경은;이재현;이은석;한병석;임흥빈
    • 한국연초학회지
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.102-108
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    • 2004
  • The present study was carried out to compare the composition of major essential oil components in the flue-cured tobacco produced by Korea, America, China, Brazil and Zimbabwe. Above 100 essential oil components were separated by GC and major 18 components of them, known to be important contributors to flue-cured tobacco flavor and smoke taste, were identified by GC/MS. Neophytadiene was major in quantities in the oils mostly and its composition in flue-cured tobacco produced by Korea, America, Zimbabwe, Brazil, and Unnam and Yenji region of China was 26.82\%,\;25.17\%,\;26.50\%,\;16.92\%,\;and\;18.75\%\;and\;14.87\%$, respectively. Megastigmatrienone, one of the major tobacco carotenoid degradation products was contained above $10\%$ in the oils of flue-cured tobacco produced by Korea and America, but, it was comprised about $5.66\%$ to 8.00 in Brazil, Zimbabwe, and Unnam and Yenji region of China. Damascenone is important to the aroma of tobacco as a crotenoid degradation products. Its amount in the oils was $3.31\%\;in\;Brazil,\;3.13\%\;in\;America,\;2.57\%\;in\;Zimbabwe,\;2.54%$ in Yenji of China, $2.00\%$ in Korea and $1.85\%$ in Unnam of China. These results can furnish the basic information capable of evaluating the quality value of flue-cured tobacco produced by various nations.

강우량이 극히 적은 여건에서의 인삼재배의 순응 : 캐나다 브리티쉬 콜롬비아의 실례 (The Adaptation of Ginseng Production of Semi-arid Environments : The Example of British Columbia, Canada)

  • Bailey, W.G.
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.297-309
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    • 1990
  • Ginseng is renowned for both its medicinal and herbal uses and successful cultivation of Panax ginseng in Asia and Panax Vtiinvtiefolilim in North America has until recently taken place in the native geographical ranges of the plants. As a consequence of the potential high capital return and anticipated increases in consumer consumption, commercial cultivation of American ginseng now occurs well outside the native range of the plant in North America. In fact, the region of greatest expansion of cultivation is in the semi-arid interior region of British Columbia, Canada. Linked with this expansion is the potential domination of the ginseng industry by agricultural corporations. In the interior of British Columbia, the native decidous forest environment of eastern North America is simulated with elevated polypropylene shade and a sllrface covering of straw mulch. The architecture of these environments is designed to permit maximillm machinery useage and to minimize labour requirements. Further, with only a four-year growth cycle, plant densities in the gardens are high. In this hot, semiarid environment, producers believe they have a competitive advantage over other regions in North America because of the low precipitation rates. This helps to minimize atmospheric humidity such that the conditions for fungal disease development are reduced. If soil moisture levels become limited, supplemental water can be provided by irrigation. The nature of the radiation and energy balance regimes of the shade and much environment promotes high soil moistilre levels. Also, the modified environment reduces soil heating. This can result in an aerial environment for the plant that is stressful and a rooting zone environment that is sub-optimal. The challenge of further refining the man modified environment for enhanced plant growth and health still remains.

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한국과 미국의 식품 섭취 조사 방법 및 지방섭취량의 비교 (A Comparison of the Methodologies in Food Consumption Surveys and Daily Dietary Fat Intake between America and Korea)

  • 박선민
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제29권10호
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    • pp.1121-1131
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    • 1996
  • The nutritional status is America has been monitored by National Monitoring System since 1960's, mainly conducted by United States Department of Agriculture. The data from these programs were computerized and distributed to researchers. Researchers have manipulated and recalculated the data to produce meaningful results. Korean nutritional status has been investigated by National Nutrition Survey ever year, including food consumption, biochemical measurements and demographic variables. The Korean Nutritional Survey has not been organized and integrated as much as the nutritional survey in the United States and its results have been presented no more than as a report. Its raw data should be distributed to researchers and researchers could use the data to get more information. The purpose of this study is to compare the measurement of food consumption in Korean and America using Korean Nutrition Survey and Continuing Survey of Food Intake by Individuals(CSFII), respectively, and to compare the consumption of fat and foods with a high fat content. The fat consumption in the Unite States has been decreased from more than 40% of total energy intake to 35%, while Koreas have consumed more fat according to the economic growth. However, the fat consumption in Korea was still much lower than that in the United States. Korean should pay attention to saturated fat consumption(animal fat), especially rich middle aged men, since they ate meat as much as much as men in the United States according to a recent study. In America availability of food with a low fat content(e.g. low-fat milk) and new recipes along with nutritional education has decreased fat consumption, especially animal fat, any more. Also, each consumption of polyunsaturated fat and saturated fat should be measured since the ratio of them are more important for preventing heart disease and some cancers.

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도입(導入) 감미종(甘味種) 고추의 특성(特性) (Characteristics of Introduced Sweet Peppers)

  • 김병수;이우승;박현규
    • Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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    • 제7권
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 1989
  • 감미종(甘味種) 고추의 육종재료(育種材料)로 사용(使用)하고저 미국(美國)과 일본(日本)으로 부터 도입(導入)한 피만계와 기타의 고추 품종(品種)을 포장(圃場)에 재식(栽植)하여 그 특성(特性)을 조사(調査)하였다. 수량(收量)에 있어서는 대사자(大獅子), 기옥조생(埼玉早生), 평안영광(平安榮光), 시장(市場) 등 일본(日本)에서 도입(導入)된 품종(品種)들이 상위(上位)에 있고 다음으로 Keystone Resistant Giant #3, Emerald Giant 등의 순으로 수량(收量)이 많았다. 일본(日本)에서 도입(導入)된 품종(品種)들은 수량(收量)이 많고 착과성(着果性)이 양호(良好)하였으나 과실(果實)은 비교적(比較的) 작았다. 미국(美國)에서 도입(導入)된 품종(品鍾)들은 수량(收量)과 초세(草勢)에서 일본(日本) 품종(品種)보다 떨어지나 대과(大果)를 생산(生産)하였다. 그중에서도 Keystone Resistant Giant #3, Yolo Wonder 계, Emerald Giant, Mercury 등의 과실(果實)이 가장 대과(大果)이었다. 피만계와 함께 재배한 Cubanelle, Sweet Banana, Anaheim, Cheny Sweet 등의 특성(特性)도 조사(調査)하고 그 용도(用途)에 대하여도 논(論)하였다.

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Frank Stella 작품 영역의 발전과정 - 회화에서 부조, 환경조형물 표현에 이르기까지 - (The Impact of Frank Stella's Work on Landscape Architecture)

  • 이상만;이진희
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제30권6호
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    • pp.98-108
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    • 2003
  • The research purpose of this study, together with the study of Frank Stella's work and his expansion of the formative arts field, is to rediscover "Amabel" and to present a fresh perspective in evaluating and assessing environmental art objects. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The study investigated the effect how Frank Stella's work affected American modem art trends. 2. The study helped to re-evaluate Stella's work by examining its expansion into the plastic arts. 3. The study analysed the plastic works of Prank Stella and his effect on plastic arts within the modem art trend of America. In conclusion, Frank Stella played a leading role in today's American art style and had a potent influence on the trends of America's modem U. In recent years, his work has had an impacted on the design of parks and art galleries. America's industrial society is led by the growth of economic power and the development of science and technology. In America's architecture and landscape architecture, such new forms as minimalism functionalism, cubism and abstract expressionism, which have been influenced by art movements, emerged in California and the east coast. Influences of Stella such as these are the remedy for a vested stubborn concept of architecture and landscape architecture by introducing a sense of pictorial space in these fields. In landscape architecture, the introduction of art trends appears in several ways. Mainly the trend of Minimalist Art, influenced by Modernism, can be seen in much Landscape Architecture. Frank Stella contributed to the development of such minimalist art.

근적외선 분광법을 이용한 제품담배 판별 연구 (Discriminant Analysis of Cigarette Brands by Nearinfrared Spectroscopy)

  • 김용옥
    • 한국연초학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.163-171
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    • 1994
  • This experiment was conducted to investigate the discrimination of cigarette brands and the similarity between Korea and America cigarette brands by near infrared spectra. Statistical tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) and mahalanobis distance(M.D) were used. The discrimination rate of the Korea and the America cigarette brands, determined by position number which was calculated with PCA and M.D, was 94% and 87%, respectively. The spectra of the 10 America cigarette brands were selected by averaging 5 sample spectra for each brand and another 5 spectra for each brand were investigated to use as the sample spectra. Comparing the sample spectra with the selected spectra by M.D using 410-1090 nm, 1110-1850 nm and 1970-2490 nm wavelength, the discrimination rate which was determined by the closest M.D between the sample and the selected spectra was 100% when each spectra was investigated on the same time. But the discrimination rate decreased 50% when the sample and the selected spectra were investigated on the different time. Excluding 1970-2490 nm wavelength, the discrimination rate increased up to 90% when the sample and the selected spectra were investigated on the different time. Comparing the spectra of Korea cigarette brands with those of America cigarette brands by M.D using only 410-1090 nm and 1110-1850 nm wavelength, the spectra of Expo(G) was similar to Winston, Vantage(U.L) and Benson & hedges(M.), the spectra of Hanaro(D) was similar to Carrel, Winston(L), Vantage(U.L), \Vantage and Carrel(L), the spectra of Hanaro(L) was similar to Winston(L) , Carton, Vantage and Carmel(L) and the spectra of Pinetree was similar to Kent, Kool, Kent(G.L), Merit and Benson & hedges(L), respectively. Key Words : NIRS, cigarette brands discrimination

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축산물 사료중의 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers(PBDEs) 평가 (Levels of PBDEs in Pig Feed)

  • 신정화;안윤경
    • 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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    • 제23권3호
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    • pp.255-263
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    • 2012
  • Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which are used in a variety of consumer products. Several of those are produced in large quantities. Their chemical structure similarities to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as their toxicity, has been studied. PBDEs are persistent and lipophilic, which results in their bioaccumulation in the fatty tissues of organisms and enrichment throughout food chains. In addition, a number of studies also reported high levels of PBDEs in animals and food resulting from the use of contaminated animal feed Public concern about PBDEs levels in animals and food has been raised. Feed contamination by toxic chemicals has been the cause of the contamination of poultry products. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PBDEs in pig feed to search the origin chase of POPs in pigs. Feed samples were obtained wheat from East Europe, corn from South America and America, soybean meal from Korea, America, South America and India and tallow from Korea. The preparation of samples was based on the EPA method 1614. Instrumental analysis was based on the use of high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). Quantification was carried out by the isotopic dilution method. The analysis of ${\Sigma}PBDEs$ involved 22 PBDE congeners, including BDE-17, 28, 47, 49, 66, 71, 77, 85, 99, 100, 119, 126, 138, 153, 154, 156, 183, 184, 190, 191, 196 and 197.

돼지사료 중의 다이옥신 잔류 평가 (Evaluation for Concentration of Residual PCDD/Fs in Pig Feed)

  • 안윤경;신정화
    • 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.129-136
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    • 2012
  • Dioxins are chemical substances that are not properly decomposed degradation under natural photochemical, biological and chemical conditions in the environment, and bio-accumulate through the food chain, so pose a risk of causing adverse effects to human health and the environment. Ninety seven percent of human exposure to dioxins comes through meat, fish, dairy consumption and so on. Pork is the largest proportion meat aspect of daily intake in the Korean food. Pigs are three times more than Cattle in terms of breeding population and production amount in the world, and the amount is increasing every year. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the exposure level of dioxins in pig's body. Also, it is required to evaluate the presence of these chemical substances in the pig's feed grain such as corn, soybeans, and tallow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PCDD/Fs in pig's feed to search the origin of PCDD/Fs. Feed samples obtained were wheat from East Europe, corn from South America and America, soybean meal from Korea, America, South America and India and tallow from Korea. The preparation of samples was based on the EPA method 1613. Instrumental analysis was based on the use of high resolution gas chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS). The concentrations of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and 1,2,3,7,8-pentachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD), which are the most toxic potent dioxins, were not observed in any of the samples. However OCDD was detected in most of the samples. The TEQs in the feed samples were ranged from 0 pg TEQ/g to 0.09841 pg TEQ/g. Especially, the high level of TEQs was observed in the samples of wheat from East Europe and soybean meal from Korea.

미국과 한국의 참고봉사 교육의 비교분석 (A comparative analysis of reference education between the United States and Korea)

  • 정춘화
    • 한국도서관정보학회지
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    • 제23권
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    • pp.253-284
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    • 1995
  • The purpose of this paper is to analyse the current status of reference education and to suggest directions for reference education in America and in Korea. For this purpose, the historical developments of reference services, and the names, problems and changes of reference courses are studied. The findings of the study can be summarized as follows; 1. The names of reference courses are various. In America, On-Line Services or Information Services are used in general, but in Korea, Reference Services are widely used. 2. In America, some library schools have only subject literature courses including business, law, music, etc. instead of basic reference courses. 3. Only one reference course is given by most schools in America and in Korea. However, a few schools which have no graduate courses provide two reference courses in Korea. 4. Analysis of textbooks used in reference courses shows that Reference Research by Joon-Shik Park, Reference Services and Reference Sources by Ock-Soon Noh are used in general. In addition, Introduction to Reference Work by Katz is used. 5. Lecture methods are generally used in teaching reference courses, but reviews of reference materials in library, class presentation, and case study method are also used. It is desirable that role playing and pathfinders' used in U.S. are introduced to our schools. 6. Analysis of library user instruction courses in Korea shows that 7 of 11 universities have the courses,, only one university teaches library user instruction as a part of reference courses, 3 universities don't. 7. Analysis of opinions about the directions for reference education shows that changes of reference courses names, expansion of courses contents, emphasis on communication technique, changes of teaching methods, proper combination of theory vs. practice, an increase in electronic reference education and training of subject specialist are needed.

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현대 패션에 나타난 민속풍(Ethnic look)에 관한 연구 (A Study on Ethnic look Expressed in Modern Fashion)

  • 정연자
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제31권4호
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    • pp.215-229
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    • 1993
  • As a result of making an inquiry into the ethnic look of each region appearing in present-day fashion by Asia. America and Oceania. Africa and Europe as mentioned above, its characteristics could be summarized as follows: Firstly the Asian ethnic look consists of Indian, Chinese and Japanese looks as mainstream. In terms of form, the draped form constituted its mainstream, and both the draped form and the tunic form are appearing Simultaneously in the Chinese look. And in respect to color the Indian look is using luxurious primary colors red, blue, yellow and green and other regions are making overall use of natural colors. With respect to ornament various kinds of ornaments is utilized in Indian's Sari and turban. Chines's Coolie hat, straw hat and embroidery, knotted button, and bead ornament, and Japan's Obi and Obijime, etc. Secondly in America and Oceania, costurme representing the Indian look in North America and the picture of Western pioneer, and the Peruvian, Mexican and chilean ethnic looks in South America were expressing much. Here, the form consistied a draped form as its main strem, such colors as yellow, purple, grey, etc were much utilized, and the material of costume comprised knits, cotton and the like. And the ornament consisted of hats, tassel ornaments, bead ornaments, metal chain belt, long braided hair, etc. Thirdly, the African ethnic look had an exposing form and a draped form, and such colors as black, white, yellow, brown, etc were used as the fashion color. Ornaments such as precious stone, bead ornaments, animal bones, straw metal ornament, etc were used as fashion decorations. Fourthly, Russia's Cossack look, Bulgaria's Bavshika look, spain's ethnic look cane to the fore as the European look Both the draped form and the tunic form were used simultaneously as fashion form. And grey, brown, purple, etc were much used as fashion color in the European look. Such ornaments as Cossack. Bavshka, boots, tassel ornaments were much used and paisley pattern also was used.

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