• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1991

This study investigated the effects of surface treatment on the tensile bond strength of resinbonded prosthesis. The Rexillium III specimens were treated with $50{\mu}m\;Al_2O_3$ blasting. Type IV gold alloy specimens were treated with $400^{\circ}C$ heating and tin plating method. All specimens were bonded with MBAS composite resin cement and followed by immersion test into the $37^{\circ}C$ water bath for 7 days. The specimens were debonded in tension with an Instron machine and observed with SEM. The modes of failure were recorded also. The following conclusions were obtained : 1. The tensile bond strength decreased in following order. $50{\mu}m\;Al_2O_3$ basted Resillium III group, Type IV gold alloy group treated with $400^{\circ}C$ heat and tin plating type IV gold alloy group, and statistical significant differences were observed(p<0.05). 2. The tensile bond strength decreased in all groups after 7 days immersion test, but statistical significant differences were observed in Rexillium III specimens only. 3. The sharp and irregular surface were observed in Rexillium III, but $400^{\circ}C$ heat treated and tin plated groups had round and broad surface in SEM. 4. The models of bond failure were cohesive-adhesive failure mainly.

• 복식
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.106-118
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• 2009

This research is about the changes in the images of Bond and Bond Girl in '007' Series. And it examined through the social background of England from 1960s to 2000s and the costume in the film. The results were as follows: As the era of young fashion was opened after 1960, there was a big change, but Bond was expressed as a hero who had strong male chauvinism of the English aristocratic circles. However, after 1990s, he wore comfortable clothes and he underwent all sorts of hardships. On the other hand, Bond Girl had the image of a sexual target. However, after 1990s, she had sharp appearance and smart brain. Besides, she had professional ideas of a given work and she was changed into a healthy image. Second, Bond's job was an English secrete agent, but Bond Girl had no particular job in 1960s. In 1980s, various professional jobs appeared and in 1990s and 2000s, the professional job which was directly related with Bond's duties appeared. Third, Bond's upper class image was expressed by tuxedo, suit, black, gray, navy, beige, brown, and ivory. His hair was 2:8 parting or Dandy all black style produced his dignified and neat image. After 1990s, he often had casual dress, which created a comfortable image. Bond Girl was expressed feminine style by bikini, underwear, long dress, sky-blue, violet, black, simple costume. After 1990s, she wore a suite, one-piece, or a combat uniform, which showed her professionalism. especially Bond Girl's red dress was used as a psychological color to express temptation, enemy, and betray.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.78-94
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• 1997

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of various treatments on denture base resin to metal bond for cobalt-chromium alloy. The metal surface was treated as follows. Group 1 : Sandblasted with $50{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide. Group 2 : Sandblasted with $250{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide. Group 3 : Sandblasted with $250{\mu}m$ aluminum oxide and followed by silicoating. Group 4 : Electrochemically etched. Group 5 : treated with oxidizing solution. Group 6 : Beaded with $200{\mu}m$ retention structure and followed by silicoating. All specimens were applied with 4-META resin and were thermocycled 1000 times at temperature of $5^{\circ}C$ to $55^{\circ}C$. The effects of various surface treatments on the bond strength between 4-META resin and metal interface were measured by using the universal testing machine. All specimens were observed with SEM. The results were as follows 1. The bond strength of 4-META resin were significantly higher to Co-Cr alloy. 2. The bond strength decreased in the following orders : group 6, group 3, groups 1 and 2, group 4, group 5 and there was no statistically significant difference in bond strength among groups 1 and 2.(p>0.05) 3. The bond strength of cobalt-chromium alloy to 4-META resin were not significantly different.(p>0.05) 4. The treated surface of groups 1, 2 and 3 has more fine undercut than that of groups 4 and 5 with SEM. 5. Stable adhesion can be achieved when mechanically roughened metal surface by sandblasting than treating in an electrochemical etching and an oxidizing solution with potassium manganate.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.166-171
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• 2011

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of the gingiva-colored composite resin and the tooth-colored composite resin to porcelain, metal and zirconia. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixty cylindrical specimens were fabricated and divided into the following 6 groups (Group 1-W: tooth-colored composite bonded to porcelain, Group 1-P: gingiva-colored composite bonded to porcelain, Group 2-W: tooth-colored composite bonded to base metal, Group 2-P: gingiva-colored composite bonded to base metal, Group 3-W: tooth-colored composite bonded to zirconia, Group 3-P: gingiva-colored composite bonded to zirconia). The shear bond strength was measured with a universal testing machine after thermocycling and the failure mode was noted. All data were analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance test and the Bonferroni post-hoc test at a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS. The mean shear bond strength values in MPa were 12.39, 13.42, 8.78, 7.98, 4.64 and 3.74 for Group 1-W, 1-P, 2-W, 2-P, 3-W and 3-P, respectively. The difference between the two kinds of composite resin was not significant. The shear bond strength of Group 1 was the highest and that of Group 3 was the lowest. The differences among Group 1, 2 and 3 were all significant (P<.05). CONCLUSION. The shear bond strength of the gingiva-colored composite was not less than that of the tooth-colored composite. Thus, repairing or fabricating ceramic restorations using the gingiva-colored composite resin can be regarded as a practical method. Especially, the prognosis would be fine when applied on porcelain surfaces.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2015

목적: 레진과 니켈-크롬 합금의 결합력에 미치는 금속 프라이머 및 다용도 접착제의 영향에 대하여 비교 평가하고자 한다. 재료 및 방법: 실험을 위해 120개의 니켈-크롬 합금(Vera Bond 2V) 디스크를 제작하여 아크릴 레진 실린더에 포매하였다. 시편의 표면은 220 grit, 600 grit의 실리콘 카바이드지로 연마한 뒤 $50{\mu}m$의 알루미늄옥사이드 입자를 분사하여 처리하였다. 실험군은 메탈 프라이머의 적용(Metal primer II, Alloy primer, Metal & Zirconia primer, MKZ primer)과 다용도 접착 시스템(Single Bond Universal, All Bond Universal)에 따라 6개 군으로 나뉘었다. 각 시편의 중앙에 높이 2 mm, 직경 3 mm로 복합레진을 충전하였으며, 제작된 모든 시편은 $37^{\circ}C$ 증류수에서 24시간 보관하였다. 만능시험기에 시편을 위치시킨 후 1 mm/min cross head speed로 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 통계분석은0.05의 유의수준으로 일원분산분석을 시행하였고 Tukey's multiple coMParison test로 사후검정을 하였다. 결과: Single Bond Universal, All Bond Universal, Metal Primer II 3개 군과 Alloy Primer, MKZ Primer, Metal & Zirconia Primer 3개 군 사이에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(P<.001). 결론: 니켈-크롬 합금에 대한 다용도 접착 시스템의 전단결합강도는 Metal Primer II를 제외한 기존의 금속 프라이머를 적용했을 때 보다 높게 나타났다. 본 실험에서 더 나아가 다용도 접착 시스템 내 실란(Silane) 포함 여부에 따른 효과를 평가할 수 있는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.211-213
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• 1991

The ground state of the oxygen molecule is calculated by various methods of coupled cluster approaches and many body perturbation theory using a double zeta plus polarization basis set and the UHF reference state. All the methods employed are capable of describing the oxygen molecule near the equilibrium bond length and the separated atom, but do not correctly depict the breaking of the multiple bond. For this basis set, including more correlations does not necessarily improve the agreement with experiment for molecular properties such as bond lengths and dissociation energies.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.212-224
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare film thickness of five kinds of resin luting cements [Comspan, Panavia Ex, Maryland bridge adhesive, All-bond C & B cementation kit, and Super-bond C & B]. Zinc-phosphate cement and glass-ionomer cement were used as the control group. In order to measure the film thickness the methods used were in broad compliance with ADA Specification No. 8, a tapered-die system that simulates clinical conditions more closely, and the connected tapered-die system that simulates bridge conditions. The inorganic filler size of resin cements was also examined with scanning electron micrographs. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. The film thickness of resin cements was increased in the order of Comspan, Panavia Ex, Super-bond C & B, Maryland bridge adhesive, and All-bond C & B cementation kit. Maryland bridge adhesive and All-bond C & B cementation kit showed significantly higher film thickness than the control group(p<0.01). 2. For all resin cements, there was a significant difference of film thickness between the ADA method and the tapered-die system. Generally, the tapered-die system demonstrated lower film thickness than the ADA method(p<0.01). 3. There was no significant difference in film thickness between the tapered-die system and the tapered-die bridge system in all resin cements(p<0.01). 4. The scanning electron microscope showed that the cement with larger filler had a tendency to be higher in film thickness.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.26-49
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to confirm the formation of hybrid layer and resin tags in dentin tissue and the possibility of bonding between luting cements used for the prosthesis and the resinous surface coated with resin bonding agents to prevent the dentin hypersensitivity after abutment preparation. Some resin bonding agents, which may have the possibility of bonding with polyacrylic acid as a liquid ingredient of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements, were selected. All-Blond desensitizer containing NTG-GMA and BPDM, Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus containing HEMA, and XR-bond containing organophosphate were selected as a coating agent. Dental cements were zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, and glass ionomer cement. After the exposed dentin surface of premolars was ethced with 10% phosphoric acid and coated with resin bonding agents, the morphology of treated surfaces and the resin tags and hybrid layers on sectioned surfaces were observed by SEM. Shear bond strength between the resin bonding agents and 3 kinds of cements was measured 24 hours after bonding. On the debonded surfaces of the shear bond strength tested specimens, the cement tags and the bonding sites between the resin materials and cements were examined by SEM. Following conclusions were drawn : 1. Coating of dentin with resin bonding agents had no effect on the shear bond strength of zinc phosphate cement. 2. Both of polycarboxylate and glass ionomer cements showed the increased shear bond strength by the dentinal coating with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus containing HEMA. However, in the case of dentinal coating with some agents containing NTG-GMA and BPDM or organophosphate, polycarboxylate cement exhibited the lowered shear bond strength, and glass ionomer cement showed the unchanged shear bond strength. 3. Complete obstructions of dentinal tubules were observed on the dentin coated with All-Bond desensitizer or XR-bond, but distinct shape of the orifices of dentinal tubules was observed consistently on the dentin coated with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus. 4. The hybrid layer was thickest on the dentin coated with All-Bond desensitizer, and the length of resin tags was longest on the dentin coated with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus. 3. On the debonded specimens which had been bonded with polycarboxylate cement or glass ionomer cement after coating with Scotch-Bond Multipurpose plus, the cement tags and the bonding sites between the resinous surface and the cements could be examined.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.546-553
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• 1999

In Older to evaluate the effectiveness of 'One-bottle dentin adhesive system', the shear bond strengths of two fourth generation dentin adhesive systems and two One-bottle systems to the occlusal dentin of the freshly extracted third molars were measured by the regulation of the ISO TR 11405. The fourth generation dentin adhesive systems used in this study were Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus and All-Bond 2, and the One-bottle systems were Single Bond and One-Step. The effects of the thickness of hybrid layer and adhesive layer, the diameter of resin tag and the ratio between the diameter of resin tag and that of dentinal tubule were analyzed as the contributing factors of the shear bond strength of dentin bonding systems from the Scanning Electron Microscopic images. The results were as follows: 1. The shear bond strengths of Scotchbond Multi-Purpose, All-Bond 2, and Single Bond were 16.98${\pm}$3.40 MPa, 15.10${\pm}$2.77 MPa and 15.05${\pm}$3.18 MPa, respectively. There were no statistical differences(p>0.05). 2. But, the shear bond strength of One-Step were significantly lower than those of the other groups (11.81${\pm}$1.95 MPa, p<0.05). 3. The thicknesses of hybrid layer and adhesive layer of One-Step were significantly thinner than those of the other groups(p<0.05). The differences of the diameter of resin tag(p=0.0685) and the ratio between the diameter of resin tag and that of dentinal tubule(p=0.2401) were not significant among all the material groups. 4. The thickness of hybrid layer and adhesive layer might be considered as contributing factors of the she at bond strengths of dentin bonding systems, but the diameter of resin tag and the ratio between the diameter of resin tag and that of dentinal tubule might not.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제16권12호통권115호
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• pp.935-940
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• 1978

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the marginal sealing ability of 'Hi-Pol' Enamel Bond system. Using freshly extracted human teeth and 2% acquous methylene blue, the marginal leakage of dye in restorative materials such as 'Hi-Pol' Enamel Bond system, Hi-Pol, Adaptic, Nuva system, Epolite and Amalgam were investigated at 37℃ and under temperature cycling in range of 4℃-60℃. the results as follows; 1. All filling materials showed some degree of marginal penetration by 2% methylene blue dye. 2. 'Hi-Pol' Enamel Bond system revealed the least marginal penetration by 2% methylene blue as Nuva did at 37℃, but under temperature cycling in range of 4℃-60℃ it showed the greatest marginal penetration. 3. Hi-Pol restoration showed a tendency the similar to the other composite restoration. 4. Nuva system had the most effective marginal sealing ability either at 37℃ and under temperature cycling.