• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.1052-1060
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• 2023

The airborne radiation monitoring has been used in geophysics for more than forty years and now it also has its important role in emergency monitoring. The aircraft background and the cosmic gamma-rays contribute to the measured gamma spectrum on the aircraft board. This adverse effect should be eliminated before the data processing. The paper describes two semiparametric methods to estimate the full spectrum aircraft background and cosmic gamma-ray contribution from spectra measured at altitudes where terrestrial contribution is negligible. The methods only assume to know possible peak positions in spectra and their full width at half maximum, that can be easily obtained e.g. from terrestrial measurement. The methods were applied to real experimental data acquired on Mi-17 and Bell 412 helicopter boards. The IRIS airborne gamma-ray spectrometer, with 4×4 L NaI(Tl) crystals, produced by Pico Envirotec Inc., Canada, was used on helicopters' boards. To obtain valid estimate of the aircraft background and the cosmic contribution, the measurements over sea and large water areas were carried out. However, the satisfactory results over inland were also achieved comparing with those acquired over large water areas.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제55권8호
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• pp.2927-2934
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• 2023

The influence of the atmospheric radon background on the airborne gamma spectrum can seriously affect researchers' judgement of ground radiation information. However, due to load and endurance, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne gamma-ray spectrometry is difficulty installing upward-looking detectors to monitor atmospheric radon background. In this paper, an advanced spectral-ratio method was used to correct the atmospheric radon background for a UAV-borne gamma-ray spectrometry in Inner Mongolia, China. By correcting atmospheric radon background, the ratio of the average count rate of U window in the anomalous radon zone (S5) to that in other survey zone decreased from 1.91 to 1.03, and the average uranium content in S5 decreased from 4.65 mg/kg to 3.37 mg/kg. The results show that the advanced spectral-ratio method efficiently eliminated the influence of the atmospheric radon background on the UAV-borne gamma-ray spectrometry to accurately obtain ground radiation information in uranium exploration. It can also be used for uranium tailings monitoring, and environmental radiation background surveys.

• 분석과학
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.212-220
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• 2001

본 연구는 감마선 분광분석법을 이용하여 환경시료에 함유되어 있는 천연방사성 핵종인 라듐($^{226}Ra$) 및 라돈($^{222}Rn$)의 직접분석법의 개발을 목표로 수행되었다. 감마선 분광분석법에 의한 라듐 및 라돈의 분석에서는 주변환경조건에 따라서 변화의 폭이 큰 대기중의 라돈 및 딸핵종에 의한 백그라운드 영향을 소멸시키거나 보정해 주어야만 한다. 본 고에서는 측정함 내부로 질소가스를 흘려주어 측정함 내부를 질소가스 분위기로 바꾸어 줌으로서 대기중의 라돈 및 딸핵종에 의한 불안정한 백그라운드를 소멸시키고자 하였다. 질소가스를 검출기 주위로 흘려주었을 때, 1 MeV 이하의 에너지 영역에 대해서는 80% 그리고 1 MeV 이상에서는 20~50% 정도까지 백그라운드를 감소시킬 수 있었다. 즉, 검출기 주위를 질소분위기로 바꾸어 줌으로서 백그라운드를 소멸, 안정화시킴으로서 검출감도를 약 10배 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• 한국방사성폐기물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방사성폐기물학회 2019년도 춘계학술논문요약집
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• pp.347-348
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• 2019

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.807-817
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• 2019

Airborne Gamma Ray Spectrometry (AGRS) with its important applications such as gathering radiation information of ground surface, geochemistry measuring of the abundance of Potassium, Thorium and Uranium in outer earth layer, environmental and nuclear site surveillance has a key role in the field of nuclear science and human life. The Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (BFGS), with its advanced numerical unconstrained nonlinear optimization in collaboration with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) provides a noteworthy opportunity for modern AGRS. In this study a new AGRS system empowered by ANN-BFGS has been proposed and evaluated on available empirical AGRS data. To that effect different architectures of adaptive ANN-BFGS were implemented for a sort of published experimental AGRS outputs. The selected approach among of various training methods, with its low iteration cost and nondiagonal scaling allocation is a new powerful algorithm for AGRS data due to its inherent stochastic properties. Experiments were performed by different architectures and trainings, the selected scheme achieved the smallest number of epochs, the minimum Mean Square Error (MSE) and the maximum performance in compare with different types of optimization strategies and algorithms. The proposed method is capable to be implemented on a cost effective and minimum electronic equipment to present its real-time process, which will let it to be used on board a light Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The advanced adaptation properties and models of neural network, the training of stochastic process and its implementation on DSP outstands an affordable, reliable and low cost AGRS design. The main outcome of the study shows this method increases the quality of curvature information of AGRS data while cost of the algorithm is reduced in each iteration so the proposed ANN-BFGS is a trustworthy appropriate model for Gamma-ray data reconstruction and analysis based on advanced novel artificial intelligence systems.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.743-750
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• 2000

라듐 및 라돈과 같은 환경 방사성 핵종의 분석 방법 중 HPGe 검출기를 이용한 감마선 분광 분석법은 대부분 플라스틱 용기를 많이 이용하고 있다. 그러나 플라스틱 용기는 대기 중 라돈 딸 핵종의 흡착에 의해 백그라운드가 증가할 뿐만 아니라 방사 평형 과정에서 생성된 기체 상의 라돈의 손실에 의하여 완전한 방사 평형에 도달하지 않는다는 것이다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 알루미늄 재질의 측정 용기를 제작하였고, 그 특성을 조사하였다. 알루미늄 용기를 이용하여 방사 평형 과정을 조사한 결과, 고체 및 액체 시료 모두 기체 상태의 라돈 손실 없이 라듐과 그 딸핵종들이 측정 용기 안에서 완전한 방사 평형에 도달하는 것을 알았다. 또한 감마선 분광 분석법을 이용한 고체 및 액체 시료 중의 라듐 및 라돈의 비파괴 분석이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2015

한국지질자원연구원은 1982년부터 전국토를 대상으로 하는 장기 프로젝트인 항공 방사능 탐사 연구를 통하여 Total, K, U, Th 등의 4가지 방사능도를 지속적으로 작성, 발간하고 있으며, 머지않아 전국토에 대한 방사능 원소 이상도를 작성, 완료할 수 있을 것이다. 그러나 탐사 기간이 너무 길고, 탐사 조건이 일정하지 않아서 자료들이 물리적 의미에서 일관성이 부족하며, 더욱이 방사성 원소 K, U, Th들의 함량이 아니라 기계값인 count/sec로 표현되어 있어 자료들을 하나로 취합할 수 없으며, 국제 표준을 충족하지 못하므로 자료의 신뢰성이 낮고 유용성과 활용성이 제한적이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위하여 인접한 두 도폭인 진천과 음성 지역에서 자료 맞춤(leveling)을 위한 baseline 시험탐사를 하였다. baseline 탐사에 의한 맞춤으로 조정된 방사능 원소 함량도는 절대적 의미를 갖는 단위의 방사능도이며, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)의 국제 표준에 부합하는 자료로 변환되었기 때문에 표준적 자료로서 신뢰성이 높아졌다. 이 연구 과제를 통하여 마련된 자료 맞추기의 방법과 절차는 보유하고 있는 모든 방사능 자료를 표준화하고, 국제 기준에 부합시킴으로써 자료의 질과 신뢰성을 높이고 자료의 유용성과 활용성을 크게 향상시킬 것이며, 한국의 방사능 함량도를 취합, 발간할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.87-91
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• 2016

Background: A hand-held detector for an emergency response was developed for nuclide identification and to estimate the information of the ambient dose rate in the scene of an accident as well as the radioactivity of the contaminants. Materials and Methods: To achieve this, the most suitable sensor was first selected as a cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) semiconductor and the signal processing unit from a sensor and the signal discrimination and storage unit were successfully manufactured on a printed circuit board. Results and Discussion: The performance of the developed signal processing unit was then evaluated to have an energy resolution of about 14 keV at 662 keV. The system control unit was also designed to operate the CZT detector, monitor the detector, battery, and interface status, and check and transmit the measured results of the ambient dose rate and radioactivity. In addition, a collimator, which can control the inner radius, and the airborne dust sampler, which consists of an air filter and charcoal filter, were developed and mounted to the developed CZT detector for the quick and efficient response of a nuclear accident. Conclusion: The hand-held CZT detector was developed to make the in-situ gamma-ray spectrometry and its performance was checked to have a good energy resolution. In addition, the collimator and the airborne dust sampler were developed and mounted to the developed CZT detector for a quick and efficient response to a nuclear accident.