• 제목/요약/키워드: Air Environment Index

검색결과 284건 처리시간 0.027초

위성 정보를 활용한 도심 지역 기온자료 지도화를 위한 인공신경망 적용 연구 (A study of artificial neural network for in-situ air temperature mapping using satellite data in urban area)

  • 전현호;정재환;조성근;최민하
    • 한국수자원학회논문집
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    • 제55권11호
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    • pp.855-863
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구에서는 서울시 기온 지상관측 자료의 지도화를 위해 Artificial Neural Network (ANN)을 사용하였다. 지도화를 위한 보조자료로는 MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 자료를 사용하였다. ANN 모델 설계를 위해 입력자료와 출력자료 간의 산점도 및 통계분석을 수행하였으며, 기온과의 상관성이 비교적 높게 나타나는 입력자료인 지표면온도, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI)와 시간(위성관측시각, Day of year), 위치(위도, 경도), 데이터 품질(운량)과 관련된 데이터 종류를 분류 및 조합하여 학습을 진행하였다. 기온자료와 상관성이 높은 데이터만으로 학습을 진행하였을 때 상관계수(r)와 Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE)의 평균값이 0.9667, 2.708℃로 우수한 성능을 보였다. 학습에 사용된 데이터의 종류가 추가될수록 더 우수한 학습 결과를 보였으며, 모든 데이터가 활용될 때에는 r과 RMSE의 평균값이 0.9840, 1.883℃로 가장 우수한 성능을 보였다. ANN 모델으로 생성한 서울시 기온 지도에서는 픽셀별 지형적 특성에 적절하게 기온이 산정된 것으로 판단되며, 추후 연구지역 확대 및 위성자료의 다양화를 통해 시단위 및 전국단위 기온 분포 분석 연구가 가능할 것이다.

기후변화에 따른 보건 분야의 취약성 평가: O3을 중심으로 (Vulnerability Assessment of Human Health Sector due to Climate Change: Focus on Ozone)

  • 이재범;이현주;문경정;홍성철;김덕래;송창근;홍유덕
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.22-38
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    • 2012
  • Adaptation of climate change is necessary to avoid unexpected impacts of climate change caused by human activities. Vulnerability refers to the degree to which system cannot cope with impacts of climate change, encompassing physical, social and economic aspects. Therefore the quantification of climate change impacts and its vulnerability is needed to identify vulnerable regions and to setup the proper strategies for adaptation. In this study, climate change vulnerability is defined as a function of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Also, we identified regions vulnerable to ozone due to climate change in Korea using developed proxy variables of vulnerability of regional level. 18 proxy variables are selected through delphi survey to assess vulnerability over human health sector for ozone concentration change due to climate change. Also, we estimate the weighting score of proxy variables from delphi survey. The results showed that the local regions with higher vulnerability index in the sector of human health are Seoul and Daegu, whereas regions with lower one are Jeollanam-do, Gyeonggi-do, Gwangju, Busan, Daejeon, and Gangwon-do. The regions of high level vulnerability are mainly caused by their high ozone exposure. We also assessed future vulnerability according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A2, A1FI, A1T, A1B, B2, and B1 scenarios in 2020s, 2050s and 2100s. The results showed that vulnerability increased in all scenarios due to increased ozone concentrations. Especially vulnerability index is increased by approximately 2 times in A1FI scenarios in the 2020s. This study could support regionally adjusted adaptation polices and the quantitative background of policy priority as providing the information on the regional vulnerability of ozone due to climate change in Korea.

大氣汚染地域 適應 樹種 選拔에 關한 硏究 (A Study on the Selection of Adaptable Tree in Air Pollution Area)

  • 朴晥澈
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.55-65
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    • 1991
  • The study was performed to select a adaptable tree species under stressed field conditions where there are a industrial plants operating with a number of smoke stacks emitting pollutants, such as hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide. As a result of the study, a tree species selected are due to construct a forest belt in a zones near industrial plants to reduce the concentrations of air pollutants. The concentrations of atmospheric hydrogen fluoride and sulfur dioxide were very higher at experimental sites near industrial plants (air-pollution sites) than at control site. The leaves of 7 tree species grown at air pollution sites contained more sulfur and, specially, fluorine than at those control site. Among the tested tree species, Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. and Euonymus japonica Thunb. grown at air pollution sites did not at all break out a foliar injury but appeared to be healthy, as well as those grown at control site. Acer pseudo-sieboldianum Kom., Pinus virginiana Mill., Larix leptolepis Gordon., Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc., Pinus strobus L., Picea abies Karst and Ligustrum obtusifolium Sieb. et Zucc., however, showed a severe fluoride-type foliar injury such as necrosis on tip or margin of leaves, etc. Fluorine found in leaves was proved to be correlated to sulfur found in leaves whereas index of foliar injury hadn't a good correlation to pollutants found in leaves. It appears that Euonymus japonica Thunb., Ligustrum japonica Thunb., Platanus acerifolia Willd, Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee and Sophora japonica L. grown at both experimental sites had a high value of percent survival whereas Pinus virginiana Mill., Pinus koraiensis Sib. et Zucc., Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm. and Alnus hirsuta Rupr. had an extremely low value of that. In comparison with control site, the percent tree height increments in Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Quercus acutissima Carruth., Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee, Pinus thunbergii Parl and Euonymus japonica Thunb. and the percent upmost root diameters in Populus tomentiglandulosa T. Lee, Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Euonymus japonica Thunb., Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara and Pinus thunbergii Parl. cultivated at air polluted sites showed very high value above 90%, respectively. A significant negative correlation (r=-0.662) was recognized between the index of foliage injury and the percent collective character, which was the mean of tree characters such as percent survival, percent tree height increment and percent upmost root diameter increment which compared to those at air polluted site with those at control site. Based on the percent collective character Ligustrum japonicum Thunb., Euonymus japonica Thunb., Chamaecyparis pisifera Endl., Populus tomentiglandlosa T. Lee, Betula platyphyla var. japonica Hara and Platanus occidentalis L. have large value about 90%, respectively. Therefore, the results indicate that this tree species are adaptable species in air polluted regions. For better understanding of the adaptable tree species, furthur studies concerning the effects of various air pollutants on the tree growth are required.

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Algorithm Development of a Visibility Monitoring Technique Using Digital Image Analysis

  • Pokhrel, Rajib;Lee, Hee-Kwan
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.8-20
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    • 2011
  • Atmospheric visibility is one of the indicators used to evaluate the status of air quality. Based on a conceptual definition of visibility as the maximum distance at which the outline of the selected target can be recognized, an image analysis technique is introduced here and an algorithm is developed for visibility monitoring. Although there are various measurement techniques, ranging from bulk and precise instruments to naked eye observation techniques, each has their own limitations. In this study, a series of image analysis techniques were introduced and examined for in-situ application. An imaging system was built up using a digital camera and was installed on the study sites in Incheon and Seoul separately. Visual range was also monitored by using a dual technology visibility sensor in Incheon and transmissometer in Seoul simultaneously. The Sobel mask filter was applied to detect the edge lines of objects by extracting the high frequency from the digital image. The root mean square (RMS) index of variation among the pixels in the image was substantially correlated with the visual ranges in Incheon and Seoul with correlations of $R^2$=0.88 and $R^2$=0.71, respectively. The regression line equations between the visual range and the RMS index in Incheon and Seoul were VR=$2.36e^{0.46{\times}(RMS)}$ and VR=$3.18e^{0.15{\times}(RMS)}$, respectively. It was also confirmed that the fine particles ($PM_{2.5}$) have more impacts to the impairment of visibility than coarse particles.

서울지역 도시대기측정망 평가 연구 (An Assessment Study for the Urban Air Monitoring Network in Seoul)

  • 김영성;최용주;박지수;김찬혁
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.504-509
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    • 2014
  • Twenty-five stations of the urban monitoring network in Seoul were assessed with a focus on surveillance function of the exceedances of 8-hour ozone and 24-hour $PM_{10}$ standards. The two standards were selected because their attainment rates were particularly low. Two hierarchical cluster analyses were performed to group stations with similar atmospheric environments-one using daily highest 8-hour [$O_3+NO_2$], 8-hour $O_3$ concentrations plus corresponding 8-hour $NO_2$ concentrations considering the interconversion of $O_3$ and $NO_2$, and the other using 24-hour $PM_{10}$ concentrations. An index to measure higher concentration and exceedances of the standards was introduced. Within a cluster, sufficiently high score was assigned to the trends station or the station with higher index. Scores for $O_3+NO_2$ and $PM_{10}$ of a given station were added and ranked in the descending order to determine the relative importance.

대규모 평지형 공원 내 거리별 공기이온 평가 - 서울시 송파구 올림픽공원을 사례로 - (Evaluation of Air Ion According to the Distance in Large Flat Park - Focused on Olympic Park in Songpa-gu, Seoul -)

  • 김정호;이상훈;이명훈;윤용한
    • 한국환경생태학회지
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    • 제34권5호
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    • pp.491-499
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    • 2020
  • 불투수포장면적의 증가는 도심지 내 열환경 악화, 물순환체계 단절 등의 문제점과 더불어 인간의 여러 가지 신체적·정신적 질병에 원인이 되기도 한다. 이에 도시공원 내 거리에 따른 공기이온 실태와 거리별 기상요소 및 공기이온과의 상관성을 분석하여, 향후 도심지 내 대규모 도시공원 조성 혹은 리모델링에 있어서 기후적 측면의 건강성을 고려한 도시공원 조성의 기초자료로 제시하고자 하였다. 연구대상지는 서울시 송파구 올림픽공원을 대상으로 거리에 따라 4개 유형으로 구분한 뒤, 구간을 A, B로 분류하였다. 측정지점은 80지점을 선정한 후 토지피복 및 식생현황을 조사한 후 기상요소, 공기이온을 측정하였다. 첫째, 구간별 녹지율은 A구간 Center(90%) > Inner(70%) > Outer-inner(10%) = Outer(10%), B구간 Center(100%) > Inner(60%) > Outer-inner(30%) > Outer(0%) 순이었다. 둘째, 기상요소의 경우 기온의 경우 Outer(24.18℃) > Outer-inner(22.90℃) > Inner(22.43℃) > Center(21.719℃)으로 분석되었으며, 상대습도의 경우 Center(46.49%) > Inner(43.36%) > Outer-inner(42.41%) > Outer(38.53%)으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 공기이온 중 양이온의 경우 Outer(435.71ea/㎤) > Outer-inner(415.16ea/㎤) > Inner(389.46ea/㎤) > Center(352.64ea/㎤)의 순이었으며, 음이온의 경우 Center(569.72ea/㎤) > Inner(499.83ea/㎤) > Outer-inner(410.58ea/㎤) > Outer(292.02ea/㎤) 순으로 Center로 갈수록 증가하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 도로와 가까워질수록 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 이온지수의 경우 Center(1.67) > Inner(1.31) > Outer-inner(1.08) > Outer(0.71)으로 분석되었다. 넷째, 상관성 분석결과 정(+)의 상관인 것은 음이온, 이온지수로 도로로부터 공원 Center로 갈수록 증가하는 것으로 분석되었으며, 부(-)의 상관인 것은 기온, 일사량, 양이온으로 도로와 가까워질수록 증가하는 것으로 분석되었다.

Comparison between Atmospheric Chemistry Model and Observations Utilizing the RAQMS-CMAQ Linkage, Part II : Impact on PM2.5 Mass Concentrations Simulated

  • Lee, DaeGyun
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.108-114
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    • 2014
  • In the companion paper (Lee et al., 2012), it was showed that CMAQ simulation using a lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) derived from RAQMS-CMAQ linkage, compared to the CMAQ results with the default CMAQ LBCs, improved ozone simulations in the conterminous US domain. In the present paper, the study is extended to investigate the influence of LBCs on PM2.5 simulation. MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ modeling system was used for meteorological field generation, emissions preparation and air quality simulations, respectively. Realtime Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) model assimilated with satellite observations were used to generate the CMAQ-ready LBCs. CMAQ PM2.5 simulations with RAQMS LBCs and predefined LBCs were compared with U.S. EPA Air Quality System (AQS) measurements. Mean PM2.5 lateral boundary conditions taken from RAQMS outputs showed strong variations both in the horizontal grid and vertical layers in the northern and western boundaries and affected the results of CMAQ PM2.5 predictions. CMAQ with RAQMS LBCs could improve CMAQ PM2.5 predictions resulting in the improvement of index of agreement from 0.38 to 0.63.

PMV지표를 이용한 공동주택의 난방제어에 따른 온열환경 및 에너지소비량 시뮬레이션 (An Approach of Indoor thermal Environment Control and Energy Saving Using the PMV Index)

  • 성남철;윤동원
    • 토지주택연구
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.19-25
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    • 2010
  • 최근 에너지 절약을 화두로 건물에서의 에너지 절약기술들이 크게 요구되어 지는 반면 재실자의 온열쾌적환경은 비교적 비중 있게 다루어지지 않고 있다. 실내공간의 쾌적성은 재실자의 만족감과 더불어 생산성을 향상시키는 등의 역할을 하며, 최근 삶의 질 향상 등에 따라 그 필요성이 크게 요구되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 공동주택을 대상으로 겨울철 난방 시 쾌적지표를 통한 실내 온열환경 제어의 타당성을 검토하고자 시뮬레이션을 수행하였으며, 주거건물에서의 일상적인 실내온도와 에너지 절약 설계기준에서 제시한 실내 설정온도, 그리고 쾌적지표를 설정으로 한 각 제어조건의 온열환경과 에너지 소비량을 비교 분석 및 검토하였다. 본 연구결과에 따르면, 쾌적지표인 PMV로 실내환경을 제어했을 때 에너지 절약설계 기준인 $22^{\circ}C$로 실내온도를 설정하였을 때보다 에너지 소비량은 29% 증가하지만 주거용 건물에서 일반적으로 유지되는 실내온도인 $24^{\circ}C$ 보다는 에너지소비량은 11% 정도 감소하며, 온열쾌적감도 각 제어조건 중 가장 우수하게 나타났다. 따라서 여러 가지 제어변수들을 통한 연구가 지속된다면 주거용 건물에서도 쾌적지표를 활용한 실내 공간의 제어방법은 건물의 에너지를 절약하고 실내 환경의 쾌적성을 증대시키는 주요기술이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

납 취급 근로자의 Monte-Carlo simulation을 이용한 노출 및 건강위해성평가 (Exposure and Health Risk Assessment of Lead Workers using Monte-Carlo Simulation)

  • 염정호;권근상;이주형;정주원
    • 한국산업보건학회지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.110-122
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    • 2006
  • Objective : This study was conducted to quantify chronic lead exposure from various media(ie. working environment, food, ambient air), and to certify the usefulness of exposure assessment using Monte-Carlo simulation in the fields of occupational health. Methods : Data were obtained from Korean Industrial Health Association, Korea Food and Drug Administration, and the Ministry of Environment. Then lead worker's exposure was estimated indirectly from various media and parameters (ie. volume inhaled, body weight, dietary intake, etc.). Uncertainty was analyzed by Monte Carlo simulation with Crystal Ball software. Exposure doses and hazard indices were simulated with various hypothetical scenarios including weekly working hours and respiratory protective equipment. Results : Without respiratory protective equipment, the total exposure dose per kilogram of body weight of lead workers was estimated as $5.45{\times}10^{-3}mg/kg/day$, and hazard index was estimated as 2.26, and exposure contributions were calculated as follows : working environment(82.42 %); foods(17.57 %); and ambient air(0.01 %). But, if working condition has changed - reduction of working hours and using respiratory protective equipment, the total exposure dose per kilogram of body weight was estimated between $1.34{\times}10^{-3}-1.49{\times}10^{-3}mg/kg/day$, and hazard index was estimated between 0.56 - 0.62. Conclusions : This study suggested that occurrence of hazardous impact(ie. increased blood pressure) through lifetime lead exposure would be expected, and that the Monte-Carlo simulation was useful for the fields of occupational health.

태양일사가 실내공간의 열적 쾌적성과 환기성능에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 (The study on the effect of the solar radiation on thermal comfort and ventilation performance in room space)

  • 연성현;이효준;리광훈
    • 한국가시화정보학회지
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    • 제14권1호
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    • pp.19-26
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    • 2016
  • Modern people spend much time at indoor space. So, People want to make better indoor air condition. But the facade of building is made of glass to be seen urbanely, the effect of solar radiation makes indoor environment worse. This study designs an open space affected by solar radiation with 4-way cassette air-conditioner. Using numerical simulation, this paper investigates thermal comfort and ventilation performance with discharge angles $30^{\circ}$ and $45^{\circ}$. To study thermal comfort, this paper studies distribution of velocity, temperature and effective draft temperature. Also, this paper introduces concept of air age to study ventilation performance. The flow influenced by solar radiation determines thermal comfort and ventilation performance in room space. This study shows that discharge angle of 45 degree has better thermal comfort and ventilation performance than that of 30 degree.