• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.617-627
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• 2022

Military training is an essential item for the fundamental problem of war. However, there has always been a problem that many resources are consumed, causing spatial and environmental pollution. The concepts of defense modeling and simulation and CGF(Computer Generated Force) using computer technology began to appear to improve this problem. The Naval Operations, Resources Analysis Model(NORAM) developed by the Republic of Korea Navy is also a DEVS(Discrete Event Simulation)-based naval virtual force analysis model. The current NORAM is a battle experiment conducted by an operator, and parameter values such as maneuver and armament operation for individual objects for each situation are evaluated. In spite of our research conducted evolutionary, supervised, reinforcement learning, in this paper, we introduce our design of a scenario creation model based on evolutionary learning using genetic algorithms. For verification, the NORAM is loaded with our model to analyze wartime engagements. Human-level tactical scenario creation capability is secured by automatically generating enemy tactical scenarios for human-designed Blue Army tactical scenarios.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2023

현재 우리 군은 다가오는 인구절벽에 대비하기 위해 인공지능(AI) 기반의 과학기술강군 육성을 목표 국방혁신 4.0을 추진중에 있다. 특히 북한의 도발위협이 높아지는 현시점에 우리 군은 첨단기술을 활용한 과학화경계시스템 도입을 통해 병력절감을 도모하고 있다. 하지만 우리 군의 통합 전투능력을 보장하기 위한 핵심 기반통신체계인 전술정보통신체계(TICN)의 경우 전송 대역폭이 좁아 영상정보 송수신이 원활하지 않을뿐더러 보안 및 난청지역 발생 등의 이유로 평시 과학화경계시스템의 기반 네트워크로 활용하기에는 일부 제한적이다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문은 2017년부터 국내에서 무료로 활용할 수 있게 된 TVWS 기반의 무선네트워크 구축 기술을 활용해 TVWS 기반 과학화경계시스템 구축방안을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 TVWS 기반 과학화경계시스템의 경우 기존의 유선네트워크 기반의 과학화경계시스템과 비교해 작전공백 최소화, 구축비용 절감, 설치 및 운용의 탄력성 측면에서 다양한 장점을 가진다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1273-1300
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• 2024

In the complex virtual environment of cyberspace, comprised of digital and communication networks, ensuring the security of information is being recognized as an ongoing challenge. The importance of 'Cyber Situation Awareness (CSA)' is being emphasized in response to this. CSA is understood as a vital capability to identify, understand, and respond to various cyber threats and is positioned at the heart of cyber security strategies from a defensive perspective. Critical industries such as finance, healthcare, manufacturing, telecommunications, transportation, and energy can be subjected to not just economic and societal losses from cyber threats but, in severe cases, national losses. Consequently, the importance of CSA is being accentuated and research activities are being vigorously undertaken. A systematic five-step approach to CSA is introduced against this backdrop, and a deep analysis of recent research trends, techniques, challenges, and future directions since 2019 is provided. The approach encompasses current situation and identification awareness, the impact of attacks and vulnerability assessment, the evolution of situations and tracking of actor behaviors, root cause and forensic analysis, and future scenarios and threat predictions. Through this survey, readers will be deepened in their understanding of the fundamental importance and practical applications of CSA, and their insights into research and applications in this field will be enhanced. This survey is expected to serve as a useful guide and reference for researchers and experts particularly interested in CSA research and applications.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.51-63
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• 2007

Objectives : For the congenital feeble, the Gongjindan is useful medicine. The experiment is to estimate the value of the Gongjindan as therapeutic agent preventing against aging with an analysis of the ingredients and the bio-activating effects by enzymologic methods. Methods : General ingredients' of the Gongjindan's extract were analyzed first and the quantitative analysis of a reducing sugar, a soluble protein, an amino acid and minerals was made. The Gongjindan, which is extracted, concentrated, and freeze drying with water, ethanol and chloroform, have got applied for the experiment. The effects on electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, nitric oxide inhibition, xanthine oxidase inhibition, whitening effect have been investigated in the physiological activity measurement of function experiment. Results : The contained amino acid, in order of high amount, is Arginine, Alanine, Glutamic acid, Proline and the contained free amino acid is Glutamic acid, Leucine, Lysine, Phenylalanine. The derivative of free amino acid is ${\gamma}-Aminoisobutyric$ acid, Phosphoserine, Taurine. And the Gongjindan is containing 13 species of minerals in order of Ca>K>Na>Mg>Fe>AI>Mn. Then, to assure of the Gongjindan's capability of anti-oxidation, these following subjects-polyphenol, electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity, nitric oxide inhibition, xanthine oxidase inhibition, tyrosinase inhibition- are analyzed and show high activity especially the most in ethanol extracts. Conclusion : With this analysis of ingredients, the Gongjindan is containing many materials functioning as anti-oxidation, anti-aging, anti-fatigue, neurotransmitter and immune agent. Moreover, In every water, ethanol, chloroform extracts, the Gongjindan's capability of anti-oxidation is confirmed so that we can apply to patients' treatment clinically.

• 사물인터넷융복합논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2023

소프트웨어 개발에서 요구사항 도출 및 분석은 매우 중요한 단계이며, 다양한 이해관계자가 관여하기 때문에 많은 시간과 노력을 필요로 한다. ChatGPT는 다양한 문서를 학습한 대규모 언어 모델로서 코드 생성, 디버깅 등의 능력은 물론 소프트웨어 분석 설계 영역에서도 활용할 수 있는 능력을 갖고 있는 것으로 연구되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 ChatGPT의 이러한 능력을 활용하여 소프트웨어 요구사항 도출, 시스템 목표에 적합한 요구사항 분석, 유스케이스 형태로 문서화하는 요구공학 방법을 제안한다. 소프트웨어 요구공학에서 이해관계자, 분석가, ChatGPT는 협업 모델을 가져야 하며, 요구사항 도출, 분석, 명세화에서 ChatGPT의 결과를 초기 요구사항으로 하여 분석가와 이해관계자가 점검 및 내용을 추가하는 형태로 요구공학이 진행하는 것을 제안한다. ChatGPT의 성능이 향상될수록 요구사항의 도출 및 분석이 점차 정확도를 높일 수 있을 것이며, 소프트웨어 요구공학에서 시간 및 비용을 절감할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.113-123
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• 2005

본 연구는 약병원성 조류인플루엔자 사독백신 개발을 위하여 백신 후보주(ADL0401)로서의 생물학적 특성 및 개발 백신에 대한 면역원성 및 안전성 평가를 실시하였다. 백신 후보주인 ADL0401의 병원성을 조사한 결과 폐사는 없었으며, 임상증상 및 바이러스 재분리율 양상이 국내 표준 야외주인 MS96과 상당히 유사한 생물학적 특성을 나타내어 약병원성 조류인플루엔자의 특징을 갖고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 표준야외주인 MS96과 백신후보주인 ADL0401간의 이종항원의 중화능 실험을 한 결과 r값 = 0.71로 동종항원(r값 = 1)에 비하여 다소 낮은 중화능을 나타내었지만, 두 바이러스간의 항원성엔 큰 차이가 없음을 알 수 있었다. 불활화 능력실험으로 $0.1\%$ Formalin을 $37^{\circ}C$ 조건에서 처리하였을 때 가장 효과적인 결과를 가져왔으며, MS96은 2시간, ADL0401은 1시간만에 다소의 역가 저하는 있었으나 빠르게 불활화가 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 개발 백신의 면역원성 및 안전성 실험 결과 ISA 70 adjuvant 백신 접종시 백신 접종 전후로 폐사율 및 임상증상은 관찰되지 않았으며, 높은 수준의 항체 역가를 형성함으로써 가장 면역원성이 우수한 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.285-295
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• 1999

Electroluminescent(EL) devices based on organic materials have been of great interest due to their possible applications for large-area flat-panel displays. They are attractive because of their capability of multi-color emission, and low operation voltage. An approach to realize such device characteristics is to use active layers of lanthanide complexes with their inherent extremely sharp emission bands in stead of commonly known organic dyes. In general, organic molecular compounds show emission due to their $\pi$-$\pi*$ transitions resulting in luminescence bandwidths of about 80 to 100nm. Spin statistic estimations lead to an internal quantum efficiency of dye-based EL devices limited to 25%. On the contrary, the fluorescence of lanthanide complexes is based on an intramolecular energy transfer from the triplet of the organic ligand to the 4f energy states of the ion. Therefore, theoretical internal quantum efficiency is principally not limited. In this study, Powders of TPD, $Eu(TTA)_3(phen) and AlQ_3$ in a boat were subsequently heated to their sublimation temperatures to obtain the growth rates of 0.2~0.3nm/s. Organic electrolumnescent devices(OELD) with a structure of $glass substrate/ITO/Eu(TTA)_3(phen)/AI, glass substrate/ITO/TPD/Eu(TTA)_3(phen)/AI and glass substrate/ITO/TPD/Eu(TTA)_3(phen)/AIQ_3AI$ structures were fabricated by vacuum evaporation method, where aromatic diamine(TPD) was used as a hole transporting material, $Eu(TTA)_3(phen)$ as an emitting material, and Tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)Aluminum$(AlQ_3)$ as an electron transporting layer. Electroluminescent(EL) and current density-voltage(J-V) characteristics of these OELDs with various thickness of $Eu(TTA)_3(phen)$ layer were investigated. The triple-layer structure devices show the red EL spectrum at the wavelength of 613nm, which is almost the same as the photoluminescent(PL) spectrum of $Eu(TTA)_3(phen)$.It was found from the J-V characteristics of these devices that the current density is not dependent on the applied field, but on the electric field.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2024

본 연구는 ChatGPT 서비스의 개시 이후 인공지능 혁명이라 일컬어지는 시대적 배경 속에서, 웹사이트의 제작과 인공지능의 융합을 위해 딥러닝 모델을 학습 및 구현하고자 한다. 딥러닝 모델은 수집한 3,000개의 웹페이지 이미지를 구성요소와 레이아웃 분류체계 기반의 데이터 가공을 통해 학습하였으며, 다음과 같은 세 가지 단계로 구분하여 진행하였다. 첫째, 인공지능 모델에 관한 선행연구를 조사하여 구현하고자 하는 모델에 가장 적합한 알고리즘을 선택하였다. 둘째, 적합한 웹페이지 및 단락 이미지를 수집하고 분류 및 가공하였다. 셋째, 딥러닝 모델을 학습시키고 서빙 인터페이스를 연동해 모델의 실제 결과를 확인하였다. 이렇게 구현된 모델은 실제 웹페이지를 구성하는 복수의 단락을 탐지하고, 단락별 규모, 요소, 특징을 분석하여 분류체계를 기반으로 의미 있는 데이터를 도출할 것이다. 이 과정은 점차 발전하여 웹페이지를 보다 정밀하게 분석할 수 있게 될 것이다. 그리고 정밀 분석기법을 역으로 설계하여, 인공지능이 완벽한 웹페이지를 자동으로 생성할 수 있는 연구의 초석이 될 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.134-147
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• 2009

Tracking and exploiting instantaneous spectrum opportunities are fundamental challenges in opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) in presence of the bursty traffic of primary users and the limited spectrum sensing capability of secondary users. In order to take advantage of the history of spectrum sensing and access decisions, a sequential decision framework is widely used to design optimal policies. However, many existing schemes, based on a partially observed Markov decision process (POMDP) framework, reveal that optimal policies are non-stationary in nature which renders them difficult to calculate and implement. Therefore, this work pursues stationary OSA policies, which are thereby efficient yet low-complexity, while still incorporating many practical factors, such as spectrum sensing errors and a priori unknown statistical spectrum knowledge. First, with an approximation on channel evolution, OSA is formulated in a multi-armed bandit (MAB) framework. As a result, the optimal policy is specified by the wellknown Gittins index rule, where the channel with the largest Gittins index is always selected. Then, closed-form formulas are derived for the Gittins indices with tunable approximation, and the design of a reinforcement learning algorithm is presented for calculating the Gittins indices, depending on whether the Markovian channel parameters are available a priori or not. Finally, the superiority of the scheme is presented via extensive experiments compared to other existing schemes in terms of the quality of policies and optimality.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년도 추계학술대회 논문집 전력기술부문
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• pp.198-200
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• 2006

This paper presents a development of an educational simulator of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and application for solving the test functions and economic dispatch (ED) problems with nonsmooth cost functions. A particle swarm optimization is one of the most powerful methods for solving global optimization problems. It is a population-based search algorithm and searches in parallel using a group of particles similar to other AI-based heuristic optimization techniques. In developed simulator, lecturers and students can select the functions for simulation and set the parameters that have an influence on PSO performance. To improve searching capability for ED problems, a crossover operation is proposed to the position update of each individual (CR-PSO). To verify the feasibility of CR-PSO method, numerical studies have been performed for two different sample systems. The proposed CR-PSO method outperforms other algorithms in solving ED problems.