• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.548-560
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• 2021

This study estimates the amount of willingness to pay of the general public by applying the contingent value method to the Korea Program for International cooperation in Agricultural technology(KOPIA), a representative project of the Rural Development Administration. Prior to measuring the amount of willingness to pay for the KOPIA project, a survey of the perception of agriculture and rural areas and respondents' basic perception of public development assistance showed a positive perception of official development assistance in general. In particular, many respondents said that aid from the international community in the past contributed to Korea's economic and social development along with the importance of the international community helping the poor in underdeveloped countries. As a result of estimating the acceptance probability regression model by including the public awareness as a variable, the higher the income of the respondents and the more positive the perception of public development aid, the higher the amount of willingness to pay. The average annual payment amount per household derived from the acceptance probability regression model was estimated to be about 30,729 won.Based on the results of this analysis, several policy implications related to the public development aid policy of Korea were presented.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2014

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of feeding an Escherichia coli (E. coli) derived phytase to pigs fed P deficient, corn-soybean meal diets. In Exp. 1, one hundred and twenty crossbred piglets ($9.53{\pm}0.84$ kg) were allocated to one of five treatments which consisted of four low P diets (0.61% Ca, 0.46% total P and 0.24% non-phytate P) supplemented with 0, 500, 1,000, or 20,000 FTU/kg E. coli phytase as well as a positive control formulated to be adequate in all nutrients (0.77% Ca, 0.62% total P and 0.42% non-phytate P). The treatments were applied to six pens with four pigs per pen for 28 days. In Exp. 2, ten crossbred pigs ($19.66{\pm}1.16$ kg) fitted with ileal T-cannula were used in a nutrient balance study. The pigs were assigned to treatments similar to those used in Exp. 1 in a doubly replicated $5{\pm}4$ incomplete Latin square design (5 diets with 4 periods). Each period consisted of a 5-d adjustment period followed by a 3-d total collection of feces and urine and then a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. Supplementation with phytase linearly increased (p<0.05) weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, bone breaking strength and fat-free dry and ash bone weight. There were linear increases (p<0.01) in the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of DM, GE, CP, Ca, total P, inositol hexaphosphate ($IP_6$) and some AA with increasing dose of E. coli phytase. Pigs fed 20,000 FTU/kg had a greater (p<0.05) AID of IP6 (80% vs 59% or 64%, respectively) than pigs fed diets with 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg phytase. There were linear increases (p<0.05) in the total tract digestibility of Ca, total P, Na, K, Mg, and Zn as well as in the retention of Mg and Zn with increased phytase dose. The retention and utilization of Cu, and the total tract digestibility of CP and Cu quadratic increased (p<0.05) with increased phytase dose. In conclusion, supplementation of 500 FTU of phytase/kg and above effectively hydrolyzed phytate in low-P corn-soybean diets for pigs. In addition, a super dose of phytase (20,000 FTU/kg) hydrolyzed most of the IP6 and consequently further improved mineral use, protein utilization and performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.7
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• pp.999-1005
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• 2017

Objective: Two experiments were conducted to determine the content of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) as well as the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in barley grains obtained from Australia, France or Canada. Methods: In Exp. 1, 18 growing barrows ($Duroc{\times}Landrace{\times}Yorkshire$; $31.5{\pm}3.2kg$) were individually placed in stainless-steel metabolism crates ($1.4{\times}0.7{\times}0.6m$) and randomly allotted to 1 of 3 test diets. In Exp. 2, eight crossbred pigs ($30.9{\pm}1.8kg$) were allotted to a replicate $3{\times}4$ Youden Square designed experiment with three periods and four diets. Two pigs received each diet during each test period. The diets included one nitrogen-free diet and three test diets. Results: The relative amounts of gross energy (GE), CP, and all AA in the Canadian barley were higher than those in Australian and French barley while higher concentrations of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and ${\beta}-glucan$ as well as lower concentrations of GE and ether extract were observed in the French barley compared with the other two barley sources. The DE and ME as well as the SID of histidine, isoleucine, leucine and phenylalanine in Canadian barley were higher (p<0.05) than those in French barley but did not differ from Australian barley. Conclusion: Differences in the chemical composition, energy content and the SID and AID of AA were observed among barley sources obtained from three countries. The feeding value of barley from Canada and Australia was superior to barley obtained from France which is important information in developing feeding systems for growing pigs where imported grains are used.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.269-284
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• 2022

The development of radish collectors has the potential to increase radish yields while decreasing the time and dependence on human labor in a variety of field activities. Stress and fatigue analyses are essential to ensure the optimal design and machine life of any agricultural machinery. The objectives of this research were to analyze the stress and fatigue of major components of a tractor-mounted radish collector under dynamic load conditions in an effort to increase the design dependability and dimensions of the materials. An experiment was conducted to measure the shaft torque of stem-cutting and transferring conveyor motors using rotary torque sensors at different tractor ground speeds with and without a load. The Smith-Watson-Topper mean stress equation and the rain-flow counting technique were utilized to determine the required shear stress with the distribution of the fatigue life cycle. The severity of the operation was assessed using Miner's theory. All running conditions produced more than 10⁷ of high cycle fatigue strength. Furthermore, the highest severity levels for motor shafts used for stem cutting and transferring and for transportation joints and cutting blades were 2.20, 4.24, 2.07, and 1.07, and 1.97, 3.81, 1.73, and 1.07, respectively, with and without a load condition, except for 5.24 for a winch motor shaft under a load. The stress and fatigue analysis presented in this study can aid in the selection of the most appropriate design parameters and material sizes for the successful construction of a tractor-mounted radish collector, which is currently under development.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2015

In an effort to obtain foundational data required to evaluate the therapeutic effect of educational insect rearing, this study surveyed current educational pet insect rearing practices in Korea and examined the expected psychological effects from participating in the activity. Data were collected from those who visited the special insect exhibition in May 2013 using a self-reporting survey. The results indicated that 48.3% of the responders had experienced insect rearing, and that rhino and stag beetles were the most commonly reared insects. Most of the respondents (83.1%) reported they were not currently rearing any insects, which suggested that insect rearing tends to be a one-time experience. Expected psychological effects could be divided into emotional (56.3%) and cognitive (41.8%) effects, and these varied by age and gender. The differences in expected psychological effects were particularly clear between adults and adolescents, the latter of whom were the main participants in the activity. It is therefore necessary to develop standardized manuals and care programs for more diverse insect species with which to help keep up consumer interest in educational insect rearing. These efforts will help champion the psychotherapeutic effects of educational pet insect rearing and enhance its role as a learning aid.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.5
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• pp.57-68
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• 2019

Rural tourism has been identified as providing opportunities to revitalize the rural economies since early 2000s. During last decade in South Korea, government has enacted many policies aiming to establish tourism support programs as well as instigating activities between rural and nearby urban districts. In particular, the promotion of the rural tourism has been actively sought in various forms of products and services, such as green tourism village, village festival, one-company one-village campaign and etc. However, in order to prepare effective policies, it is very crucial to identify measureable evaluation criteria that can be used to assess socio-economic situations of the rural districts. Such criteria should be objective, timely and provide insights about living conditions of local residents and relevant properties. They can also be used to evaluate if progress is being made after the policies are implemented. While considerable efforts and resources have been invested to aid the tourism programs in South Korea, we still lack such systematic means to quantify and evaluate its impact on rural districts. In this work, we have applied regional deprivation analysis on well-established community experiential and recreational business in rural villages throughout the country based on three criteria (i.e., population, local commerce, and buildings). Surprisingly, the result shows that the implementation of the community experiential and recreational businesses did not bring any noticeable changes to at least one of the evaluation criteria. We concluded that the current government policies on revitalization of rural tourism at the village scale is insufficient for bringing meaningful socio-economic impacts to rural districts, with rare exceptions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.443-451
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• 2021

Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is widely cultivated in tropical regions worldwide owing to its high nutritional value. Finger millet is more tolerant against biotic and abiotic stresses such as pests, drought, and salt than other millet crops; therefore, it was proposed as a candidate crop to adapt to climate change in Korea. In 2019, we used expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure of 102 finger millet accessions from two geographical regions (Africa and South Asia) to identify appropriate accessions and enhance crop diversity in Korea. In total, 40 primers produced 116 alleles, ranging in size from 135 to 457 bp, with a mean polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.18225. Polymorphism was detected among the 40 primers, and 13 primers were found to have PIC values > 0.3. Principal coordinate and phylogenetic analyses, based on the combined data of both markers, grouped the finger millet accessions according to their respective collection areas.Therefore, the 102 accessions were classified into two groups, one from Asia and the other from Africa. We have conducted an in-depth study on the finger millet landrace pedigree. By sorting out and using the molecular characteristics of each pedigree, it will be useful for the management and accession identification of the plant resource. The novel SSR markers developed in this study will aid in future genetic analyses of E. coracana.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was aimed at investigating the ratio of medical aid over health insurance of age adjusted mortality rate of tuberculosis and related factors. And we want to compare the ratio of medical aid over health insurance of age adjusted mortality rate of tuberculosis and related factors among the provinces. Methods: In order to compare, the data was referred to National health insurance center for affirming the insurance type of the dead. And age adjusted mortality rate of tuberculosis of each insurance type was analyzed by whole country and the provinces. Related factors of the provinces were gathered from public statistic books. We analysed correlation study between the ratio of medical aid over health insurance of age adjusted mortality rate of tuberculosis and related factors among the provinces. Results: Major findings were as follows 1. The ratio of medical aid over health insurance of age adjusted mortality rate of tuberculosis was 5.6. And the ratio was relatively high at 40-60 ages. 2. The ratio of medical aid over health insurance of age adjusted mortality rate of tuberculosis by the province was varying. And the factors that were financial independence, crowdedness, percent of people on medical aid, population size served by each public health center, number of hospital by a million peoples have correlated with increment of the ratio. Conclusions: As a consequence of tuberculosis control, the ratio was high. Thus this finding suggests that medical utilization and preventive behavior, environment of tuberculosis patient are under handicapped condition. Especially large cities like metropolitan area who have high financial independence, high population density, high percentage of medical aid peoples have high ratio of medical aid over health insurance of age adjusted mortality rate of tuberculosis. There is need for additional and systematic research on the attitude or tendency toward medical services(inc1uding preventive services) utilization of medical aid tuberculosis patients.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.367-380
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• 2018

Stems and pods of hyacinth bean cultivated in a farmer's field in Gazipur District, Bangladesh, were found rotted in nearly 5% hyacinth bean plants. A fungus having fluffy mycelium and large sclerotia was isolated from affected tissues. Combined results of morphological, molecular and pathological analyses identified the fungus as Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib) de Bary. Inoculating the fungus on healthy hyacinth bean plants and pods reproduced the symptoms previously observed in the field. The three isolates obtained from naturally infected plants were cross inoculated in hyacinth bean, okra and African-American marigold and they were pathogenic to these hosts. The optimum temperature and pH for its growth were $20^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0, respectively. Sclerotial development was favored at pH 5.0. Sucrose and mannitol were the best carbon sources to support hyphal growth, while glucose was the most favourable for sclerotial development. The hyacinth bean genotypes, HB-82 (Rupban Sheem) and HB-102 were found highly resistant, while HB-94 (Ashina) was moderate resistant to the fungus. Finally, S. sclerotiorum was sensitive to Bavistin, Dithane M-45 and Rovral fungicides and Ca in the form of $CaCl_2$. This observation could possibly aid in eliminating field loss in hyacinth bean caused by an emerging pathogenic fungus S. sclerotiorum.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

Interactions between cage wheel and soil under the wet paddy field condition were analyzed. The cage wheel as a traction aid to driving tires of tractor was attached to the outside of the tires. The driving torque transmitted only to the cage wheel was measured and its effect on the total driving torque by both the tires and cage wheel was analyzed. Mathematical models were developed to predict the soil thrusts y a single lug and by the cage wheel with many lugs, respectively. Experimental results showed that as the diameter of cage wheel increased, positive effects of the cage wheel on the traction also increased. About 33-40% of the total traction force was obtained by the cage wheel with a diameter 1,182mm and 49-55% with a diameter 1,222mm. The peak thrust of the single lug of cage wheel increased by 31% and 59%, respectively when the diameter of the cage wheel increased from 1,182mm to 1,222mm and 1,262mm. The thrust by the cage wheel was estimated by using the developed mathematical models and the results were proved that the models are reliable for the estimation of the traction by the cage wheels.