• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.433-456
• /
• 2009

This study compared parenting characteristics(attitude, stress, cooperation from the spouse and agreements on disciplines) between parents of gifted(n=126) and ordinary(n=153) children age 10-15. Results revealed that parents with gifted children reported more positive parenting characteristics even though they felt the similar parenting stress to ordinary parents. In both groups there were significant correlations among these parenting characteristics. There were negative correlations among parenting stress, cooperation from the spouse and agreement on disciplinary methods. Separate regression analyses indicated that agreement on disciplinary methods was a significant predictor for parenting attitude among parents with the gifted while in addition to it, parenting stress was also significant for parents with ordinary children. Implications such as parenting education and fatherhood were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.44 no.6 s.220
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2006

The purpose of the study was to examine the agreement between parent and adolescent reports on parenting behaviors. The participants were 196 father-mother-adolescent triads. Results indicated that there were significant differences in reports of parenting behaviors between parents and adolescents. Generally, parents reported higher respect, disciplines and attention than their adolescents did. However, there were low to high agreements between parental report and adolescent report on parenting behaviors. The degree of those agreements varied by adolescent's developmental stage, birth order and mother's education. The findings suggested that differences in agreements between parent and adolescent reports on parenting behaviors might not be random and the agreements should be addressed in terms of specific sample characteristics.

• International Commerce and Information Review
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.221-246
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study aims to analyse the case on the violation of the Agreement on WTO-TRIMs in the China with auto parts case. The Agreement on Trade Related Investment Measures(TRIMs) are rules that apply to the domestic regulations, a country applies to foreign investors, often as part of an industrial policy. The agreement was agreed upon by all members of the WTO. The TRIMs Agreement bans any laws, policies or administrative regulations favouring domestic products. This includes government incentives to encourage corporations to use domestically made products as a way of creating or protecting local jobs. The Agreement on TRIMs is only one such restriction within the broader WTO regime. Policies such as local content requirements and trade balancing rules that have traditionally been used to both promote the interests of domestic industries and combat restrictive business practices are now banned. In many ways the Agreement on WTO-TRIMs is less significant than the WTO agreements on services, etc. The TRIMs Agreement does not involve any new rules or disciplines, referring only to the existing provisions under the GATT. However, by enforcing GATT provisions on 'national treatment', this short and simple agreement has had farreaching effects on auto parts, etc. Meanwhile, China has been members of the WTO late 2001, once the measures imposed high-rate tariff for import parts was intended to regulate importer of auto parts in order to avoid the high-rate tariff.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.41 no.2 s.113
• /
• pp.195-211
• /
• 2006

During the 1986-1994 Uruguay Round negotiations under the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (later World Trade Organization), the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) was adopted by participating countries. TRIPS has not only allowed intellectual property to be introduced into international trade arenas, but also extended the scope of protection to biodiversity such as plant genetic material, arguing that intellectual property rights (IPRs) would help conserve biodiversity. In this paper, I aim to deconstruct the global IPRs regimes over biodiversity by adopting geographers' sensitivity to place and scale as an analytical window. By investigating how all the issues regarding IPRs over biodiversity that are raised by diverse disciplines, such as environmental ethics, environmental economics and political economy approach, are scale-related, I demonstrate how biodiversity IPRs, and its introduction into international trade agreements, though separate issues with no inevitable relationship to one another, have been put together for the construction of global IPRs regimes. I argue that the notion on the construction of scale (i.e., rhetorical and discursive construct of globalization) can contribute to revealing how fragile global environmental conservation regimes are.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.102-114
• /
• 2009

Urban discourse can be used to create a better living environment through open thinking, understanding and discussion. It raises both physical and social issues surrounding the urban environment. It can encourage the participation of citizen groups and lead the way to develop a community-oriented urban environment through inter-discourse agreement. The urban space of Cheonggye Stream has produced a wide range of urban discourse from 2003 to the present. Discourse regarding the Cheonggye Stream restoration project has been approached by fields including landscape architecture, ecology, urbanism, architecture, politics, and economics, among others. This discourse has reduced a variety of issues and ranges of debate. This study has classified these discussions into related fields and ideological attitudes, analysed their content, and interpreted their meaning. In order to examine the mutual relationships existing among these discourses by different ideological groups, an analytical framework was established byputting classified versions of discourses into a coordinate diagram. The overall topography showing the present status of Korea public awareness regarding the urban environment could therefore be determined. As a result, it was found that the disciplines of landscape architecture took a middle ground between groups with practical and radical ideologies regarding the Cheonggye Stream project and was a mediator for both poles to find a point of contact. However, participatory discourse requires the disciplines of landscape architecture to participate more actively in the discourses on urban environment and take a more active stand corresponding to the zeitgeist and people's sense of public justice.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.959-968
• /
• 2016

In this study, the Delphi Method was conducted to extract variables as effects of integrated education. Forty-six experts engaged in both the integrated education and research fields participated in this study. The Delphi survey was conducted for three rounds. In the first round, an open questionnaire was given asking variables possibly considered as effects of integrated education. In the second round, variables induced from analysis of the first survey results were given and the degree of agreement for each variable was determined according to the Likert scale. In the third round of the survey, mean, standard deviation, and the first and third quartile calculated using the results of the second survey were given to experts to determine their degree of assent. In addition, categories for variables were suggested. The degree of agreement for appropriateness of categorization and relative importance were determined As a result, a total of 18 variables were chosen except for career awareness. They were categorized according to their definition and properties into five categories: 'creativity' (flexible thinking, associative thinking, intuitive thinking, creative thinking), 'problem solving' (meta-cognition, problem recognition and solving, critical thinking, decision making ability, ability of knowledge application, knowledge and information processing skills), 'integrative perception and sensitivity' (concern and interest in various disciplines, understanding and acceptance of difference, integrative thinking), 'interpersonal relations' (communication skills, cooperation), and 'disciplinary literacy' (humanistic imagination, basic knowledge and literacy of each discipline, academic motivation). The degree of agreement was high in variables included in 'creativity' and 'problem solving' categories and the frequency of choosing the importance was high in variables included in 'integrative perception and sensitivity'. The educational implication related to implementation and practice of integrated education were discussed on the basis of results.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.171-198
• /
• 2009

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the impact of new BIS regulation, which is the preparations to incorporate not only credit risk but also market and operation risk, on the bank behaviors. As methodology, SUR(seemingly unrelated regression) and pool unit test are used in the empirical analysis of banks survived in Korea. It is employed that quarterly data of BIS capital ratio, ratio of standard and below loans to total loans, ratio of liquid assets to liquid liabilities, allowances for credit losses, real GDP, yields of corporate bonds(3years, AA) covering the period of 2000Q1~2009Q1. As a result, it could be indicated that effectiveness and promoting improvements of BIS capital regulation policy as follows; First, it is explicitly seen that weight of lending had decreased and specific gravity of international investment had increased until before BIS regulation is built up a step for revised agreement in late 2001. Second, after more strengthening of BIS standard in late 2002, banks had a tendency to decrease the adjustment of assets weighted risk through issuing of national loan that is comparatively low profitability. Also, it is implicitly sought that BIS regulation is a bit of a factor to bring about credit crunch and then has become a bit of a factor of economic stagnation. Third, as the BIS regulation became hard, it let have a effort to raise the soundness of a credit loan because of selecting good debtor based on its credit ratings. Fourth, it should be arranged that the market disciplines, the effective superintendence system and the sound environment to be able to raise enormous bank capital easily, against the credit stringency and reinforce the soundness of banks etc. in Korea capital market.